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List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1980–1989)

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The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India.[1] Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.[2] The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development.[3] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;[4] none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1980–1989 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.[3]

Padma Bhushan
Padma Bhushan medal suspended from its riband
TypeNational Civilian
CountryIndia
Presented by
State Emblem of India
Government of India
RibbonPadma Bhushan riband
ObverseA centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus.
ReverseA platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
Established1954
First awarded1954
Total133
Websitehttp://www.padmaawards.gov.in/ Edit this on Wikidata
Precedence
Next (higher)Padma Vibhushan riband Padma Vibhushan
Next (lower)Padma Shri riband Padma Shri
← Padma Vibhushan "Dusra Varg" (Class II)

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.[3] The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.[4] The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.[3][4] It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.[a]

After assuming office as Prime Minister of India in 1977, Morarji Desai withdrew all the civilian awards, reckoning them as "worthless and politicized".[6] As a result, the Padma Bhushan award was not conferred to any person from 1978 until 1980 when the suspension was rescinded on 25 January by Indira Gandhi, Desai's predecessor who had returned to office. Cricketer Sunil Gavaskar became the first recipient of the award since its restoration in 1980; he was the only person awarded in that year.[7]

A total of 134 awards were presented in the 1980s. Only one award was conferred in 1980 which was later followed by nine in 1981, fifteen in 1982, seventeen in 1983, eighteen in 1984, twenty-one in 1985, fourteen in 1986, twelve in 1987, thirteen in 1988, and fourteen in 1989. The Padma Bhushan in the 1980s was also conferred upon ten foreign recipients – four from the United Kingdom, three from the United States, and one each from Denmark, France, and Japan. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes twenty-eight from literature and education, twenty-five from civil services, twenty-three artists, twenty from science and engineering, thirteen from medicine, ten from public affairs, eight from social work, four from trade and industry, and three from sportspersons.[8] Pushpa Mittra Bhargava, scientist and founder-director of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) who had received the award in 1986 in the field of medicine, returned it in 2015 in protest of the Dadri mob lynching and out of concern at the "prevailing socio-politico situation" in the country.[9]

Recipients

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Cricketer Sunil Gavaskar (awarded in 1980) is widely considered one of the greatest opening batsmen of all time. He is the first batsman to score 10,000 runs in Test cricket.[10]
 
In a career spanning over sixty years, filmmaker Richard Attenborough (awarded in 1983) is best known for his eight Academy Award-winning film Gandhi (1983) and is considered "one of Britain's best-known actors and directors".[11]
 
Mathematician K. G. Ramanathan (awarded in 1983) is widely known for his works in number theory, mainly the analytic and arithmetic theory of quadratic forms over division algebras with involution.[12]
 
Known for his "bold depiction of socially controversial themes", writer and playwright Vijay Tendulkar (awarded in 1984) has 28 full-length plays to his credit, which include Sakharam Binder and Ghashiram Kotwal.[13]
 
Founder of Self Employed Women's Association, Ela Bhatt (awarded in 1986) was consultant to UNICEF for the Bangladesh Women's Department in 1977 and was also presented with a Ramon Magsaysay Award.[14]
 
Aerospace scientist Roddam Narasimha (awarded in 1987) is a former Director of the National Aerospace Laboratories and the Chairman of the Engineering Mechanics Unit at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. He has authored more than 250 scientific papers and fifteen books.[15]
 
British politician Fenner Brockway, Baron Brockway (awarded in 1989) was co-founder of No-Conscription Fellowship.[16]
 
Scientist Ashesh Prasad Mitra (awarded in 1989) contributed towards research in fields of ionosphere and earth's near-space environment using ground-based and space technology. He was Director of the National Physical Laboratory of India (1982–86), Director-General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (1986–91), fellow of the Royal Society of London. He is often referred as "the doyen of upper atmospheric research in India."[17]
 
Japanese politician Yoshio Sakurauchi (awarded in 1989) was chairman of the Japan-India Association for over 25 years. In that capacity, and as the Foreign Affairs Minister, he helped strengthen cultural and economic ties of India and Japan.[18]
Award recipients by year[8]
Year Number of recipients
1980
1
1981
9
1982
15
1983
17
1984
18
1985
21
1986
14
1987
12
1988
13
1989
14
Award recipients by field[8]
Field Number of recipients
Arts
23
Civil Service
25
Literature & Education
28
Medicine
13
Public Affairs
10
Science & Engineering
20
Social Work
8
Sports
3
Trade & Industry
4
Key
   # Indicates a posthumous honour
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients, showing the year, field, and state/country[8]
Year Recipient Field State
1980 Sunil Gavaskar Sports Maharashtra
1981 Vainu Bappu Science & Engineering Tamil Nadu
1981 Prafulla Desai Medicine Maharashtra
1981 Mekhala Jha Social Work Bihar
1981 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Civil Service Delhi
1981 Gopinath Mohanty Literature & Education Orissa
1981 Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya Civil Service West Bengal
1981 Amritlal Nagar Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1981 Mrinal Sen Arts West Bengal
1981 Avabai Bomanji Wadia Social Work Maharashtra
1982 Jasbir Singh Bajaj Medicine Delhi
1982 S. Balachander Arts Tamil Nadu
1982 Gottipati Brahmaiah Social Work Andhra Pradesh
1982 Rani Gaidinliu Social Work Nagaland
1982 Khadim Hussain Khan Arts Maharashtra
1982 Stella Kramrisch Literature & Education —[A]
1982 Jal Minocher Mehta Medicine Maharashtra
1982 Grace Louise McCann Morley Science & Engineering Delhi
1982 Atam Prakash Medicine Delhi
1982 Syed Zahoor Qasim Civil Service Delhi
1982 Arnee Sreenivasan Ramakrishnan Medicine Tamil Nadu
1982 Kamal Ranadive Medicine Maharashtra
1982 P. N. Pattabhirama Sastri Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1982 Jhabarmal Sharma Literature & Education Rajasthan
1982 Ajit Ram Verma Science & Engineering Delhi
1983 Richard Attenborough Arts —[B]
1983 Doraiswamy Iyengar Arts Karnataka
1983 V. G. Jog Arts West Bengal
1983 Suraj Parkash Malhotra Civil Service Delhi
1983 Nagendra Literature & Education Delhi
1983 K. Sankaran Nair Civil Service Kerala
1983 Prem Nazir Arts Kerala
1983 Swraj Paul Social Work —[B]
1983 Dr. Rajkumar Arts Karnataka
1983 K. G. Ramanathan Literature & Education Maharashtra
1983 Kershasp Tehmurasp Satarawala Civil Service Goa
1983 Subodh Chandra Sengupta Literature & Education West Bengal
1983 Adi M. Sethna Civil Service Delhi
1983 Arun Kumar Sharma Science & Engineering Delhi
1983 Benudhar Sharma[i]# Literature & Education Assam
1983 Bhalindra Singh Sports Delhi
1983 Umrao Singh Civil Service Punjab
1984 Horace Alexander Literature & Education —[A]
1984 Narayan Chaturvedi Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1984 Chandrashekhar Lohumi Science & Engineering Uttar Pradesh
1984 Michael Ferreira Sports Maharashtra
1984 Sivaji Ganesan Arts Tamil Nadu
1984 Jnan Prakash Ghosh Arts West Bengal
1984 Kotha Satchidananda Murthy Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
1984 Hanumanthappa Narasimhaiah Literature & Education Karnataka
1984 Sripada Pinakapani Arts Andhra Pradesh
1984 Ishwari Prasad Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1984 B. C. Sanyal Arts Madhya Pradesh
1984 Marie Seton Literature & Education —[B]
1984 Archana Sharma Medicine West Bengal
1984 Obaid Siddiqi Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1984 Kanwar Natwar Singh Civil Service Delhi
1984 Ganda Singh Literature & Education Punjab
1984 Vijay Tendulkar Arts Maharashtra
1984 Baldev Upadhyaya Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1985 Rais Ahmed Literature & Education Delhi
1985 Durga Das Basu Public Affairs West Bengal
1985 Shiba P. Chatterjee Literature & Education West Bengal
1985 Eknath Vasant Chitnis Science & Engineering Gujarat
1985 Virender Lal Chopra Science & Engineering Delhi
1985 Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon Civil Service Delhi
1985 Santidev Ghosh Arts West Bengal
1985 Surinder Singh Gill Civil Service Delhi
1985 Bhimsen Joshi Arts Maharashtra
1985 Sadat Abul Masud Public Affairs West Bengal
1985 Kalanidhi Narayanan Arts Tamil Nadu
1985 Bernard Peters Science & Engineering —[C]
1985 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Literature & Education Kerala
1985 Gopala Ramanujam Social Work Tamil Nadu
1985 Sivaraj Ramseshan Science & Engineering Karnataka
1985 Vuppuluri Ganapathi Sastry Literature & Education Andhra Pradesh
1985 Amarjit Singh Civil Service Rajasthan
1985 Tribhuvandas Luhar (Sundaram) Literature & Education Puducherry
1985 Gurbachan Singh Talib Literature & Education Punjab
1985 Bhalchandra Udgaonkar Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1985 Srinivasan Varadarajan Civil Service Delhi
1986 V. S. R. Arunachalam Civil Service Delhi
1986 Pushpa Mittra Bhargava Medicine Andhra Pradesh
1986 Ela Bhatt Social Work Gujarat
1986 Manohar Lal Chibber Civil Service Delhi
1986 Nasir Aminuddin Daggar Arts West Bengal
1986 Venkataraman Krishnamurthy Civil Service Delhi
1986 Jean Riboud Public Affairs —[D]
1986 Sidney Dillon Ripley Science & Engineering —[A]
1986 Rajeev Sethi Civil Service Delhi
1986 Martand Singh Public Affairs Delhi
1986 C. Venkataraman Sundaram Science & Engineering Tamil Nadu
1986 Badri Nath Tandon Medicine Delhi
1986 Gulshan Lal Tandon Civil Service West Bengal
1986 Ram Krishna Trivedi Public Affairs Uttar Pradesh
1987 Nalapat Balamani Amma Literature & Education Kerala
1987 Kishori Amonkar Arts Maharashtra
1987 Srinivasa Anandaram Civil Service Delhi
1987 Nikhil Banerjee[ii]# Arts West Bengal
1987 Roddam Narasimha Science & Engineering Karnataka
1987 R. D. Pradhan Civil Service Maharashtra
1987 Annada Shankar Ray Literature & Education West Bengal
1987 Julio Ribeiro Civil Service Maharashtra
1987 Man Mohan Sharma Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1987 Laxmi Prasad Sihare Civil Service Delhi
1987 Farokh Udwadia Medicine Maharashtra
1987 Mohammad Yunus Civil Service Delhi
1988 Kushok Bakula Public Affairs Delhi
1988 Ram Prakash Bambah Science & Engineering Chandigarh
1988 Kartar Singh Duggal Literature & Education Delhi
1988 Ashok Sekhar Ganguly Trade & Industry Maharashtra
1988 Abid Hussain Civil Service Delhi
1988 Shreyans Prasad Jain Social Work Maharashtra
1988 Kelucharan Mohapatra Arts Orissa
1988 Bal Ram Nanda Literature & Education Delhi
1988 Akkineni Nageswara Rao Arts Andhra Pradesh
1988 Pratury Trirumala Rao Medicine Andhra Pradesh
1988 Renuka Ray Public Affairs West Bengal
1988 B. V. Sreekantan Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1988 Satya Pal Wahi Trade & Industry Uttar Pradesh
1989 Fenner Brockway[iii]# Public Affairs —[B]
1989 Banoo Jehangir Coyaji Medicine Maharashtra
1989 Girija Devi Arts Uttar Pradesh
1989 Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar Arts Maharashtra
1989 Girilal Jain Literature & Education Delhi
1989 Anna Rajam Malhotra Civil Service Maharashtra
1989 M. V. Mathur Science & Engineering Rajasthan
1989 Ashesh Prasad Mitra Science & Engineering Delhi
1989 Russi Mody Trade & Industry Jharkhand
1989 Suresh Shankar Nadkarni Trade & Industry Maharashtra
1989 Narinder Singh Randhawa Science & Engineering Delhi
1989 Yoshio Sakurauchi Public Affairs —[E]
1989 Lakshman Singh Public Affairs Maharashtra
1989 Prakash Narain Tandon Medicine Delhi

Explanatory notes

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  1. ^ The order of precedence is: Bharat Ratna, Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan.[5]
  1. ^ Benudhar Sharma died on 26 February 1981, at the age of 86.
  2. ^ Nikhil Banerjee died on 27 January 1986, at the age of 54.
  3. ^ Fenner Brockway died on 28 April 1988, at the age of 99.
Foreign recipients
  1. ^ a b c Indicates a citizen of the United States
  2. ^ a b c d Indicates a citizen of the United Kingdom
  3. ^ Indicates a citizen of Denmark
  4. ^ Indicates a citizen of France
  5. ^ Indicates a citizen of Japan

References

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  1. ^ "PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry". Firstpost. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  2. ^ Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
  3. ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  4. ^ a b c Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.
  5. ^ "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  6. ^ Mukul, Akshaya (20 January 2008). "The great Bharat Ratna race". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  7. ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers. p. A248, A253. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 72–94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  9. ^ Mallikarjun, Y. (12 November 2015). "P.M. Bhargava sends back Padma Bhushan award to President". The Hindu. Hyderabad. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  10. ^ "Sunil Gavaskar Profile@espncricinfo". ESPN Cricinfo. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  11. ^ "Obituary: Richard Attenborough". BBC News. 24 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  12. ^ "Professor K. G. Ramanathan" (PDF). Indian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  13. ^ "Vijay Tendulkar, voice of social stage, is dead". The Telegraph. Mumbai/Pune. 20 May 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  14. ^ "Ela Ramesh Bhatt Biography". Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. September 1977. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  15. ^ "Prof. Roddam Narasimha,FRS". Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  16. ^ Simkin, John. "British Journalist: Fenner Brockway". Spartacus Educational Publishers. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  17. ^ "Former CSIR chief dead". The Hindu. 4 September 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
    • "A P Mitra, Former DGCSIR, passes away". National Aerospace Laboratories. 3–9 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
    • Science & Society in the Twenty First Century: Quest for Excellence : the Road Ahead. National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. 2004. p. 246. ISBN 978-81-7236-307-9.
  18. ^ "History of The Japan-India Association". Japan-India Association. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
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