The phrase "Nazi concentration camp" is often used loosely to refer to various types of internment sites operated by Nazi Germany.[3] More specifically, Nazi concentration camps refers to the camps run by the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office.[4] The Nazi regime employed various types of detention and murder facilities within Germany and the territory it conquered and occupied, while Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities.
![Near Leitmeritz there were three types of Nazi detention facilities: Leitmeritz concentration camp, a subcamp of Flossenbürg; Theresienstadt Ghetto (lower right, west of the Eger River) and Theresienstadt Small Fortress, a Gestapo prison.[1][2]](/wiki/File:Litom%C4%9B%C5%99ice_and_Terez%C3%ADn_map.png)
The editors of Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos estimate that these sites totaled more than 42,500 locations, of which 980 were Nazi concentration camps proper.[5]
Nazi Germany
editTypes of detention and murder facilities employed by the Nazi regime included:[3][4][6]
| Type | German name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Civilian workers camp | Gemeinschaftslager | |
| Custody camp | Haftlager | |
| Civilian internment camp | Internierungslager (Ilag) | Camp to hold Allied civilians, caught in areas that were occupied by the German Army |
| Camp for Jews | Judenlager (Julag), Umschulungslager, Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden | |
| Concentration camp | Konzentrationslager | Camp for the mass detention without trial of civilians, ethnic minorities, political opponents, etc. |
| Early camps | ||
| Aktion T4 Euthanasia center | Euthanasie-Tötungsanstalt, T4-Tötungsanstalt | Center for murder of mentally ill or physically disabled people by involuntary euthanasia |
| Extermination camp | Vernichtungslager | Six killing centers for the dedicated purpose of systematic mass murder, primarily of Jews |
| Forced (slave) labor camp | Zwangsarbeitslager | |
| Jewish ghetto | Jüdischer Wohnbezirk | |
| Germanization facilities | ||
| Gestapo camps | ||
| Gypsy camps | Zigeunerlager | |
| Housing camp | Wohnlager | |
| Labor camp | Arbeitslager | |
| Military brothels | ||
| National Labor Service camp | RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst)-Lager | |
| Penal or punishment camp | Strafgefangenenlager and Straflager | |
| Preferential camp | Vorzugslager | |
| Prisoner-of-war camp | Kriegsgefangenenlager | Imprisonment camp for Allied military personnel captured and held under the terms of the Third Geneva Convention |
| Police custody camp | Polizeihaftlager | |
| Prisons | ||
| Satellite camp | Außenkommando | Outlying camp under command of a main concentration camp main camps were Stammlager and subordinate camps were Außenlager |
| Security camp | Schutzhaftlager | |
| Special camp | Sonderlager | |
| Workers education camp | Arbeitserziehungslager | |
| Work house | Arbeitshaus | |
| Transit camp | Durchgangslager | Camps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps. |
| Youth protection camp | Jugendschutzlager | |
| Youth detention camp | Jugendverwahrungslager |
Nazi Allies
editNazi allies also operated their own internment facilities, including:[7]
- Internment camps in Bulgaria
- Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia
- Internment camps in Finland
- Internment camps in France
- Internment camps in Hungary
- Internment camps of Italy
- Concentration camps in Norway
- Internment camps of Romania
- Internment camps in the Slovak State
- Concentration camps in Tunisia
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Plch, Milan; Plch, Roman (2018). Tajemná místa nacismu [Mysterious places of Nazism] (in Czech). Brno: Computer Press. pp. 79, 82–83. ISBN 978-80-264-1900-6.
- ^ Blodig, Vojtěch (2003). Terezín in the "final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Oswald. p. 60.
- ^ a b "Nazi Camps". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ a b Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume I, Editor’s Introduction to the Series and Volume I
- ^ Lichtblau, Eric (1 March 2013). "The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Kaiser, Anne; Weinmann, Martin (1998). Das nationalsozialistische Lagersystem [The Nazi Camp System] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Zweitausendeins. p. lxxxix-cxxxiv. ISBN 978-3-86150-261-6.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume III, table of contents