Fort Peck Lake, or Lake Fort Peck, is a major reservoir in Montana, formed by the Fort Peck Dam on the Missouri River. The lake lies in the eastern prairie region of Montana approximately 140 miles (230 km) east of Great Falls and 120 miles (190 km) north of Billings, reaching into portions of six counties.[1]
| Fort Peck Lake | |
|---|---|
 The lake seen from the Lewis and Clark Overlook east of the dam | |
  Fort Peck Lake  Fort Peck Lake | |
| Location |  Montana,  United States |
| Coordinates | 47°46′41″N 106°40′53″W / 47.77806°N 106.68139°W[1] |
| Lake type | Reservoir |
| Primary inflows | Missouri River, Musselshell River, Fourchette Creek, Dry Creek |
| Primary outflows | Missouri River |
| Catchment area | 57,500 sq mi (149,000 km2)[2] |
| Max. length | 134 mi (216 km)[2] |
| Surface area | 245,000 acres (99,000 ha) |
| Average depth | 76.3 ft (23.3 m) |
| Max. depth | 220 ft (67 m)[2] |
| Water volume | 18,687,731 acre⋅ft (23.050977 km3)[2] |
| Surface elevation | 2,250 feet (690 m)[2] |
| Frozen | Winter |
| Islands | York Island, others unnamed |
| Settlements | Fort Peck |
The dam and reservoir were built in the 1930s to enhance navigation on the Missouri River, supplying enough water downstream of the dam to provide for a 9-foot deep (2.7 m), 300-foot wide (91 m) navigation channel from Sioux City, Iowa, to the mouth of the Missouri just above St. Louis.[3]
History
editFollowing severe flooding along the Missouri River in 1943, which hampered the economic development of the Missouri River Valley and damaged production of military supplies for then-ongoing World War II, five additional dams were added when the federal government adopted the Pick-Sloan Plan, calling for a series of dams and reservoirs to be built along the Missouri and its tributaries.[4] Fort Peck Dam was built from 1933 to 1940 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; water impoundment began in 1937 and the reservoir was first filled to capacity in 1947.[5] The federal government forced out ranchers and farmers who lived in the valley bottom to prepare room for the lake.[6]
Description
editWith a volume of 18,700,000 acre-feet (23.1 km3) when full, Fort Peck is the fifth largest artificial lake in the United States. It extends 134 miles (216 km) through central Montana, and its twisting, inlet-studded shoreline has a total length of some 1,520 miles (2,450 km).[7] Along with the Missouri River, smaller tributaries such as the Musselshell River, Fourchette Creek, Timber Creek, Hell Creek and Dry Creek feed the reservoir; the latter forms the longest side arm of the reservoir, which reaches some 30 miles (48 km) southwards. The lake covers an area of 245,000 acres (99,000 ha), making it the largest in Montana by surface area, although Flathead Lake has a larger volume due to its greater depth.[8][9]
The reservoir is also a tourist attraction, with 27 designated recreational sites bordering its shores.[10] Bordering nearly the entire reservoir is the 1,719-square-mile (4,450 km2) Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, which has preserved much of the high prairie and hill country around the lake.[11]
The lake is featured in the film Jurassic Park III, as part of an excavation.
Fishing
editFishing is popular at the reservoir and a large variety of fish have been introduced into the lake.[12]
| Species | Family | Class | Native to MT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bigmouth Buffalo | Sucker | Warmwater | Native |
| Black Bullhead | Catfish | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Black Crappie | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Blue Sucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native |
| Bluegill | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Brassy Minnow | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Brook Stickleback | Stickleback | Warmwater | Native |
| Brown Trout | Trout | Coldwater | Introduced |
| Burbot | Codfish | Coldwater | Native |
| Channel Catfish | Catfish | Warmwater | Native |
| Chinook Salmon | Trout | Introduced | |
| Cisco | Trout | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Common Carp | Minnow | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Creek Chub | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Emerald Shiner | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Fathead Minnow | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Flathead Chub | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Freshwater Drum | Drum | Warmwater | Native |
| Goldeye | Mooneye | Warmwater | Native |
| Green Sunfish | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Iowa Darter | Perch | Warmwater | Native |
| Lake Chub | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Lake Trout | Trout | Coldwater | Native |
| Lake Whitefish | Trout | Coldwater | Introduced |
| Largemouth Bass | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Longnose Dace | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Longnose Sucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native |
| Northern Pike | Pike | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Northern Redbelly Dace | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Paddlefish | Paddlefish | Warmwater | Native |
| Pallid Sturgeon | Sturgeon | Warmwater | Native |
| Plains Killifish | Killifish | Introduced | |
| Plains Minnow | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Rainbow Trout | Trout | Coldwater | Introduced |
| River Carpsucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native |
| Sand Shiner | Minnow | Warmwater | Native |
| Sauger | Perch | Warmwater | Native |
| Shorthead Redhorse | Sucker | Warmwater | Native |
| Shovelnose Sturgeon | Sturgeon | Warmwater | Native |
| Smallmouth Bass | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Smallmouth Buffalo | Sucker | Warmwater | Native |
| Spottail Shiner | Minnow | Warmwater | Introduced |
| Stonecat | Catfish | Native | |
| Walleye | Perch | Warmwater | Introduced |
| White Crappie | Sunfish | Warmwater | Introduced |
| White Sucker | Sucker | Warmwater | Native |
| Yellow Perch | Perch | Warmwater | Introduced |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Fort Peck Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. April 4, 1980. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "Fort Peck Dam and Reservoir Fact Sheet" (PDF). Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ^ Affairs, United States Congress Senate Committee on Interior and Insular (1960). Upper Missouri Basin Water Rights: Memorandum of the Chairman. May 1960. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 3.
- ^ "Pick Sloan Missouri Basin Program". U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. August 3, 2010. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ^ "Missouri River: The Pick-Sloan Plan" (PDF). Missouri National Recreational River. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ Hegyi, Nate (October 23, 2019). "The Next Yellowstone: A Hunter's Paradise". KUNC. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
- ^ "Welcome to the Fort Peck Dam/Lake Fort Peck Homepage". Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original on February 20, 2006. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ "Montana". Archeology Program. U.S. National Park Service. October 28, 2009. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ "About Flathead Lake". Flathead Lake Biological Station. University of Montana. June 6, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ "Fort Peck Lake Recreational Opportunities". Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Archived from the original on November 28, 2005. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ "Welcome to Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge". Mountain-Prairie Region. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. July 6, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ "FISHMT :: Waterbody Details". myfwp.mt.gov. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
External links
edit- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - Fort Peck Dam and Lake
- Ft. Peck Project - Recreation.gov, area recreation information, camping reservations
- Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge
- Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks
- Fort Peck Lake at Big Sky Fishing
- Fort Peck Lake Reservoir and Recreation Area Archived July 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine