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Lebanon Valley College

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Lebanon Valley College (LVC, Lebanon Valley, or The Valley) is a private university in Annville, Pennsylvania.

Lebanon Valley College
MottoLibertas per Veritatem (The truth shall set you free)
TypePrivate university
EstablishedFebruary 23, 1866; 158 years ago (1866-02-23)
Religious affiliation
United Methodist Church
Endowment$70.8 million (2020)[1]
PresidentJames M. MacLaren
Academic staff
122 full-time
Administrative staff
215
Students1,915[2]
Undergraduates1,729
Postgraduates186
Location
Annville
,
Pennsylvania
,
United States

40°19′57″N 76°30′54″W / 40.33250°N 76.51500°W / 40.33250; -76.51500
CampusRural on 340 acres (1.48 km2)
ColorsBlue and white    
NicknameFlying Dutchmen[3]
MascotFlying Dutchman[4]
Websitewww.lvc.edu

History

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Lebanon Valley College was founded on February 23, 1866, with classes beginning May 7 of that year and its first class graduating in 1870. Expenses at this time for a full year were $206.50 (equal to approximately $4,980 in 2023) and remained relatively unchanged for the next 50 years.

Early history (1866–1897)

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The college was founded by and initially associated with the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Today, Lebanon Valley College is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, which occurred through a series of church mergers: The Church of the United Brethren in Christ merged with the Evangelical Association in 1946 creating the Evangelical United Brethren Church (EUB), which subsequently merged with the Methodist Church in 1968 to create the United Methodist Church.[5] The ties to the Methodist Church are not as strong as they once were, which is evidenced by the lack of mandatory chapel services, but the church maintains a presence on the campus. Out of 34 colleges and academies founded by the United Brethren in Christ Church, Lebanon Valley was one of four to survive.

The campus began as a single building, the empty Annville Academy building, which was purchased for $4,500 (equal to $90,000 in 2023) by five Annville citizens. They presented the building as a gift to the East Pennsylvania Conference of the United Brethren Church to settle the argument over where to establish the college. In a little more than two months from its founding, 12 trustees were appointed, President Thomas R. Vickroy was elected, the building was repaired and redecorated, a curriculum was devised, faculty recruited, and classes began. The college was entirely contained in that one building (class rooms, student residence, president's residence, and "dining hall") until 1868, when "North College" was opened at a cost of $31,500, equal to $720,000 in 2023. The Annville Academy building became known as "South Hall" or "Ladies Hall" as the North College building was now the home to the men's dormitories.

The college charter, granted in 1867, specifically stated that Lebanon Valley College was established for the education of both sexes, so Lebanon Valley College can claim that it has been coeducational longer than any other college east of the Allegheny Mountains. However, the curricula were different for men and women, a condition created from a compromise after an uproar in the founding church over the equal treatment of men and women. The "Ladies Course" included modern languages, painting, drawing, wax flower and fruit making, and music. By 1878, the college catalog began announcing that experience showed that there was no difference between men and women in their ability to master college courses, an unpopular idea at its time.

This was also the time of the founding literary societies: Philokosmian, Clionian, and Kalozetean, which bear no resemblance to their present fraternity and sorority selves. They met regularly to debate topics and discuss essays. Other activities included mixed socials, parades, the annual Chestnut Picnic, and other special events throughout the years.

Growth (1897–1948)

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The college steadily grew during its first 35 years, and by 1904, the campus had expanded to include Engle Hall, home of the music department, and a partially completed library funded by Andrew Carnegie. On Christmas Eve 1904, North College (not to be confused with the residence hall with the same name), which stood in the current footprint of the Administration/Humanities building, burned down. The next year, the college raised funds to rebuild and also began expanding the campus further, building not only a new Administration Building (the current Humanities Building), but also North Hall (a women's dorm, currently the site of Miller Chapel), Kreider Hall (a men's residence hall where the current Neidig-Garber Science Center is located), the central heating plant (still in existence), a science building, and a gymnasium. However, funding ran out, debt rose, and building halted on the gym and science buildings. President Hervin U. Roop resigned in disgrace on New Year's Day, 1906. It was not until President Lawrence W. Keister took office on June 12, 1907, that the debt situation was solved. Thanks to his fundraising efforts, the debt was eliminated by 1911. The college landscape remained relatively unchanged for the next four decades, under the leadership of President George D. Gossard (1912–1932) and Clyde A. Lynch (1932–1950).[6][7]

Cultural changes at LVC paralleled those in the rest of the country, moving through World War I, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and the New Deal.

Mid-century and modern day (1948–present)

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World War II nearly proved to be the end of Lebanon Valley College. In the fall of 1942, LVC's first wartime registration showed only 357 students enrolled. As the second semester began in 1943, there were only 282 students: 145 women and 137 men, the first time that women outnumbered men. 1943 Fall enrollment dropped again to only 199 students, 62 of which were on limited deferment, waiting to be called to active duty. This prompted one of the first capital campaigns to help the ailing college. The campaign to raise $550,000 received 91% support from current students. The money was to go toward an endowment and a real gymnasium, which bore the name of the president who initiated the campaign—Clyde A. Lynch Memorial Hall. Right before the war ended, LVC enrollment hit bottom at 192 students. In 1946, however, enrollment ballooned to 683 students, more than 300 of which were ex-servicemen.

Enrollment steadily grew and by 1948, thanks to the G.I. Bill, it had reached 817 full-time students, far beyond the college's capacity. Eventually, additional facilities and residences were added to the college. Clyde A. Lynch Memorial Hall—which included the school's first proper gymnasium—was opened in 1953. In 1957, Science Hall (now the Derickson A apartments) was created out of the old Kreider Factory building on White Oak St., and Gossard Library also opened that year. In 1966, Frederic K. Miller Chapel was completed. The 1950s also saw the college expand north of Sheridan Avenue, with the Dining Hall (now Lehr and Phillips Dining Hall) built in 1958. Other current traditional residence halls were built between the 1950s and 1970s as well—Mary Green (1956) and Vickroy (1960) in the 1950s-60s, Hammond and Keister Hall in 1965, and Funkhouser and Silver in the 1970s. Marquette and Dellinger were added in 1999 and 2002, respectively, and Stanson was added in 2009.

Enrollment also grew, although it had stagnated by the 1980s. A turnaround began under the presidency of Arthur L. Peterson, whose tenure in office was cut short due to health issues. Soon thereafter, a highly energetic president, John Synodinos, ushered in a period of growth and change with the bold introduction of merit scholarships and the renovation and beautification of a substantial portion of the campus that included the addition of the Edward H. Arnold Sports Center and the Suzanne H. Arnold Art Gallery and Zimmerman Recital hall. With the assistance of William J. McGill, senior vice president and the dean of the faculty, academic excellence continued to be emphasized, linkages were established with other institutions and schools, an international initiative undertaken, and collaborative learning experiences developed. A new technologically advanced library, the Vernon and Doris Bishop Library, opened in January 1996.

Beginning in 1996 and building on the work of his predecessor, G. David Pollick's eight-year presidency ushered in a period of continued growth. There was a 40 percent increase in undergraduate enrollment with applications more than doubling. New undergraduate and graduate degree programs were added and there was a large increase in the number of first-year students who studied abroad. A major public relations focus to enhance the college's standing among peer institutions was followed by a major rebuilding and renovation effort on campus and the start of a $50 million campaign, Great Expectations. Pollick oversaw a growth plan that added athletic teams, more than a dozen new campus buildings and athletic facilities, and the college's signature Fasick Bridge. These additions almost tripled the usable space of the college, including five new facilities: the Marquette and Dellinger Residence Halls, the Allan W. Mund College Center, Sorrentino Gymnasium, and the Heilman Center. A revitalization of Clyde A. Lynch Memorial Hall and the Neidig-Garber Science Center also were begun during this period.

 
An aerial view of LVC's Peace Garden, taken by Blue Fuego. The Peace Garden is in the middle of the college's Residential Quad and is a popular place to study, relax, or take milestone photographs, especially weddings.

Today, the campus consists of 40 buildings, including the recently renovated Clyde A. Lynch Memorial Hall, the Vernon and Doris Bishop Library (revitalized in 2016), the Heilman Center for communication sciences & disorders/speech-language pathology, and $20 million Jeanne and Edward H. Arnold Health Professions Pavilion (opened August 2018) for athletic training, exercise science, and physical therapy. Students received career advice from experts in the Edward and Lynn Breen Center for Graduate Success (launched programming in 2018) and study under the college's new general education curriculum, Constellation LVC (started in fall 2016). Students reside in one of 25 residence halls that include traditional single-sex and co-educational dormitories and apartment-style residences. Students may also reside in special interest houses upon proposal and approval of LVC administration. A small number of upperclassmen are allowed to live off-campus, and a significant portion of the student body are commuter students. Undergraduate enrollment is now over 1,900 students.

The endowment of the institution is more than seventy-five million dollars (2023).

Lost lore and current traditions

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May Day

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A festive tradition, this pageant was begun in 1912. Each year, a May Queen would be elected and would watch over the festival with her court. Typical May Day activities took place, including the expected May pole. This tradition persisted for 55 years until the late 1960s.[8]

Formal dances

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Until October 1931, dancing on the LVC campus was forbidden. One evening after a football game, President Gossard decided to change the policy and allowed the students to dance with his blessing. From then on, the literary societies began holding annual dinner dances. Formal proms were organized and any opportunity for dancing was not overlooked.[9]

In February 1985, the institution opened a nighttime dance club called the Underground (or "UG" as it is referred to by most students). The UG is a place where students can go to have fun with their classmates and friends on most Saturday nights. The UG plays popular hits from today's music and is open to non-LVC students at a small price. Today the dance club part of the Underground no longer exists and is mainly used by the institution for events.

March to the President's House

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In a tradition that dates to the presidency of Clyde A. Lynch, class of 1918 (1932–1950), students march to the president's home, Kreiderheim since 1976, to request the day off before Thanksgiving when the football team defeats Albright College. LVC defeated Albright in double overtime in 2018 and President Thayne granted the students' wish.[10]

Presidents

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Former presidents of LVC include:[11]

  1. Thomas Rhys Vickroy, 1866–1871
  2. Lucian H. Hammond, 1871–1876
  3. David D. DeLong, 1876–1887
  4. Edmund S. Lorenz, 1887–1889
  5. Cyrus J. Kephart, 1889–1890
  6. E. Benjamin Bierman, 1890–1897
  7. Hervin U. Roop, 1897–1906
  8. Abram Paul Funkhouser, 1906–1907
  9. Lawrence Keister, 1907–1912
  10. George Daniel Gossard, 1912–1932
  11. Clyde Alvin Lynch, 1932–1950
  12. Frederick K. Miller, 1951–1967 (Allan W. Mund acting president, 1967–1968)
  13. Frederick P. Sample, 1968–1983 (F. Allen Rutherford Jr. acting president, 1984)
  14. Arthur L. Peterson, 1984–1987 (William J. McGill acting president, 1987–1988)
  15. John A. Synodinos, 1988–1996
  16. G. David Pollick, 1996–2004
  17. Stephen C. MacDonald, 2004–2012
  18. Lewis Evitts Thayne, August 1, 2012 – June 30, 2020[12]
  19. James M. MacLaren, July 1, 2020–Present[13]

Academics

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LVC offers more than 45 undergraduate majors, 11 graduate programs, and 10 graduate certificate programs. Students can also study abroad for a semester in England, Germany, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, and Spain; or pursue a short-term program in Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain, with new options for Northern Ireland and Scotland in summer 2024. The institution also offers domestic programs in Boston and Washington, D.C.

Athletics

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Lebanon Valley College is a member of NCAA Division III, competing in the MAC Freedom. LVC offers 26 intercollegiate sports, including Pennsylvania's first varsity eSports program, which competes in the National Association of Collegiate Esports. The athletic program began in 1893 with baseball and then football in 1897. Men's and women's basketball were introduced in 1904. LVC's teams are called the Flying Dutchmen,[14] and its mascot is the Dutchman.[15]

Men's teams

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  • Baseball
    • Established 1893.
    • 2002, 2022, 2023 Commonwealth Conference Champion and Coach Jonas Fester named MAC Commonwealth Coach of the Year, 2022 and 2023.
    • 2023 NCAA Division III Regional Finalists[16]
    • Plays at McGill Field[17]
  • Basketball
  • Cross Country
  • Football
    • Established in 1897
    • 2009[21] and 2011[22] ECAC Southwest Bowl champions
    • Has produced 11 all-Americans[23]
    • Plays at Henry and Gladys Arnold Field.[24]
    • co-champions with Lycoming in 2013 for MAC Division III
    • First NCAA Division III football appearance in school history
    • Wittenberg University (OH) beat LVC in first round of tournament
    • Played its first game under lights.
    • Current coach is former LVC football star Greg Drake
  • Golf
    • Began play in 1965
    • Hosts tournaments at Lebanon Country Club.[25]
  • Ice Hockey
  • Lacrosse
    • Originally sponsored from 1965 to 1985, re-established in 2010[26]
    • Plays at Arnold Field[24]
  • Soccer
    • Established in 1973[27]
    • Plays home games at Herbert Field[28]
  • Swimming
    • Established in 1988
    • Competes at the Arnold Sports Center[29]
  • Tennis
    • Was played as early as 1915 and has been sponsored several times since then, regaining varsity status for good in 1992
    • Won eight Commonwealth Conference titles since re-establishing, including in 2022[30] and 2023, and competed in 2022 and 2023[31] NCAA Division III National Championships.
  • Track & Field (indoor and outdoor)
    • Established in 1913
    • Has produced eight All-Americans[30]
    • Competes at the Arnold Sports Center (indoors) and Arnold Field (outdoors).[32]

Women's teams

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  • Basketball
    • Established in 1904
    • Has won three straight Commonwealth Conference champions (2011, 2012, 2013)
    • Advanced to the NCAA Elite Eight in 2011[33] and NCAA Sweet 16 in 2012[34]
    • Plays at the Sorrentino Gymnasium[19]
  • Cross Country
  • Field Hockey
    • Established in 1933
    • Four NCAA Division III Final Four appearances (1996, 1997, 2006, 2007) with 16 NCAA appearances[36]
    • Former player Jocelyn Novak is the all-time NCAA Division III leader in goals and points[37]
    • Six-time MAC/Commonwealth Conference champion, most recently in 2006
    • 45 All-Americans since 1987[23]
    • Plays at Arnold Field.[24]
    • Current coach is alum Amber Corcoran ('09)
  • Golf
    • Began play in 2013
    • Hosts tournaments at Lebanon Country Club.[25]
  • Ice Hockey
    • Began play in 2016
    • NCAA Division III All-Time Leader for Saves in a Season and Career, Jill Moffatt '20[38]
  • Lacrosse
    • 2013 ECAC Mid-Atlantic Champion[39]
    • Originally sponsored from 1975 to 1985, re-established in 2010[26]
    • Plays at Arnold Field[24]
  • Soccer
    • Established in 1996
    • Plays home games at Herbert Field[28]
  • Softball
    • Established in 1984
    • 2008, 2013, 2014, and 2015 Commonwealth Conference Champions[40]
    • NCAA Tournament appearances in 2008, 2010, 2013,[40] 2014, 2015, and 2023
    • Advanced to the NCAA Regional Championship game in 2013 and NCAA Super Regional in 2023[41]
    • NCAA Division All-Time leader for consecutive stolen bases (97), Sammy Bost '17, D'19[42]
    • Coach Scot Adams named MAC Commonwealth Coach of the Year, 2022 and 2023[43]
    • Plays at the LVC Softball Park[44]
  • Swimming
    • Established in 1989
    • Competes at the Arnold Sports Center[29]
  • Tennis
    • Began in 1994
    • 2009, 2022, and 2023[45] MAC Commonwealth Conference champions.[30]
    • Won first NCAA Division III Tournament match in 2023[46]
    • Coach Jeff Robins named MAC Commonwealth Coach of the Year[47]
  • Track & Field (indoor and outdoor)
    • Began in 1986
    • Won the 2012 and 2013 Middle Atlantic Conference indoor championships[48]
    • Has produced nine all-Americans[23]
  • Volleyball
    • Won four straight Commonwealth Titles from 2008 to 2011.[49]
    • Four consecutive NCAA Division III Tournament appearances from 2008 to 2011.[50]
    • Plays at the LVC Gymnasium[19]

Co-ed teams

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  • Esports
    • Began in December 2017
    • Compete in Call of Duty (Vanguard), Counter Strike, Fighting Games, Halo (Infinite), Hearth Stone, League of Legends, Overwatch, Rainbow Six (Siege), Rocket League, Smite, Super Smash Bros (Ultimate), and Valorant
    • Won NECC Challengers Division National Championship (Rainbow Six) in 2023[51]

Residential life

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Lebanon Valley College has several buildings in which students reside. These buildings include Mary Green, Keister, Hammond, Funkhouser, Silver, Stanson, and Vickroy. In addition to those seven traditional dorms, Marquette, Dellinger, Stanson, and Derickson A/B provide apartment style living for upperclassman students on campus. All dorms include co-ed living among the floors. Residential Assistants are assigned to each building to enforce rules and organize activities for the students.

Notable alumni

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References

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  1. ^ As of June 30, 2020. U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2020 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY19 to FY20 (Report). National Association of College and University Business Officers and TIAA. February 19, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
  2. ^ Tammaro, Susan. "Common Data Set 2019-2020" (PDF). Lebanon Valley College. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  3. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - The Flying Dutchmen". Godutchmen.com. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  4. ^ Intoccia, Jeff. Seven Feet Tall With Size 25 Clogs. GoDutchmen.com, Lebanon Valley College Athletics. Accessed 26 June 2011.
  5. ^ "EVANGELICAL UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000". 18 August 2000. Archived from the original on 2000-08-18. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  6. ^ Pennsylvania School Journal, Volume 81 (Pennsylvania State Education Association, 1932), p. 285
  7. ^ ”Dr Clyde A. Lynch” (obituary) in The Torch, Volumes 23-24 (International Association of Torch Clubs, 1950), p. 41
  8. ^ Williams, Rev. Dr. J. Dennis (2016). Of High Grade: A Sesquicentennial History of Lebanon Valley College. Lebanon Valley College Archives: Lebanon Valley College. pp. 36, 78.
  9. ^ Williams, Rev. Dr. J. Dennis (2016). Of High Grade: A Sesquicentennial History of Lebanon Valley College. Lebanon Valley College Archives: Lebanon Valley College. pp. 14, 36.
  10. ^ "Day Off? You Got It - Students March on Kreiderheim". Lebanon Valley College Athletics.
  11. ^ Williams, Rev. Dr. J. Dennis (2016). Of High Grade: A Sesquicentennial History of Lebanon Valley College. Lebanon Valley College Archives: Lebanon Valley College. pp. ii.
  12. ^ "Dr. Lewis E. Thayne Announces Last Year as President of Lebanon Valley College". lvc.edu. 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  13. ^ "Meet Dr. James M. MacLaren, 19th President". Lebanon Valley College. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  14. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - The Flying Dutchmen". Godutchmen.com. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  15. ^ "The Official Athletic Website of Lebanon Valley College". www.godutchmen.com. Retrieved 2017-05-03.
  16. ^ "Record-Breaking Baseball Season Ends with Runner-up Finish at NCAA Regional". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  17. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - McGill Field". Godutchmen.com. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  18. ^ "1952-53". College Hoopedia. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  19. ^ a b c "Lebanon Valley College - Sorrentino Gymnasium". Godutchmen.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  20. ^ a b "Lebanon Valley College - Union Canal Tunnel Park". Godutchmen.com. 2011-01-08. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  21. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - LVC Captures ECAC Southwest Bowl Title". Godutchmen.com. 21 November 2009. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  22. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - Defense Leads LVC to ECAC South-West Bowl Title". Godutchmen.com. 19 November 2011. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  23. ^ a b c "Lebanon Valley College - LVC All-Americans". Godutchmen.com. 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  24. ^ a b c d "Lebanon Valley College - Arnold Field". Godutchmen.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  25. ^ a b "Lebanon Valley College - Lebanon Country Club". Godutchmen.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  26. ^ a b "Lebanon Valley College - LVC To Add Men's And Women's Lacrosse". Godutchmen.com. October 2008. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  27. ^ "News | Lebanon Valley College". Lvc.edu. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  28. ^ a b "Lebanon Valley College - Herbert Field". Godutchmen.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  29. ^ a b "Lebanon Valley College - Arnold Sports Center and Heilman Center". Godutchmen.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  30. ^ a b c "Lebanon Valley College - 2013-14 Women's Tennis Coaching Staff". Godutchmen.com. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  31. ^ "Men's Tennis Ends Amazing Season at NCAA Tournament". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-05-05. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  32. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - Facilities". Godutchmen.com. 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  33. ^ "NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Championship Bracket - NCAA.com". Archived from the original on 2011-04-10. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
  34. ^ "NCAA Division III Women's Basketball Championship Bracket - NCAA.com". Archive.is. 2013-07-19. Archived from the original on 2013-07-19. Retrieved 2018-11-01.
  35. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - Patrick Captures MAC Championship To Lead XC". Godutchmen.com. 27 October 2012. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  36. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - Field Hockey Record Book". Godutchmen.com. 2008-12-18. Archived from the original on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  37. ^ "Lebanon Valley's Novak sets record". NCAA.com. 2011-10-25. Archived from the original on 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  38. ^ "Jill Moffatt - Women's Ice Hockey". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  39. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - W. Lax Captures First ECAC Championship". Godutchmen.com. 12 May 2013. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  40. ^ a b "Lebanon Valley College - CHAMPS! LVC Clinches CC Title, NCAA Berth". Godutchmen.com. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  41. ^ "Dutchmen Softball Season Ends at Salisbury in Super Regionals". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-05-27. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  42. ^ "Softball Record Book". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  43. ^ "Burns, Walter, Adams Earn Major Awards; Six Dutchmen Named to All-MAC Commonwealth Softball Team". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-05-27. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  44. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - LVC Softball Park". Godutchmen.com. 2008-05-21. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  45. ^ "Honrade Named MVP as Women's Tennis Wins Second Consecutive Conference Title". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-04-29. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  46. ^ "Dutchmen Women's Tennis Earns First NCAA Win in Program History". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-05-05. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  47. ^ "Five Dutchmen Named to All-MAC Commonwealth Women's Tennis Team; Robbins Voted Coach of the Year". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  48. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - W. Track & Field Repeats As MAC Champions". Godutchmen.com. 23 February 2013. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  49. ^ "Lebanon Valley College - QUAD SQUAD! Volleyball Wins Fourth Straight CC Title". Godutchmen.com. 5 November 2011. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  50. ^ "Volleyball Record Book". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  51. ^ "Rainbow Six Team Wins NECC Challengers Division National Championship". Lebanon Valley College Athletics. 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  52. ^ "Carolyn Gillette Talks to Joshua Rothman About Writing Hymns in Tragic Times". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
  53. ^ "Four Leaders to Receive Honorary Doctorates". Lebanon Valley College. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
  54. ^ Finding Aid for the Jim Casada Collection of Horace Kephart and George Masa MS.3452, University of Tennessee Special Collections Library finding aid. Retrieved: 4 October 2013.
  55. ^ "Bishop Edward C. Malesic". Diocese of Cleveland. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  56. ^ Joyce Wadler (June 25, 1998). "PUBLIC LIVES; A Baton Is Passed, but the Chorus Sings On". The New York Times.
  57. ^ "Overview | Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania". www.med.upenn.edu.
  58. ^ Koelle, George B. "National Academy of Sciences; Carl Frederic Schmidt, 1893-1988, A Biographical Memoir by George B. Koelle" (PDF). National Academy of Sciences.
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