Paksha (Sanskrit: पक्ष, romanized: pakṣa) refers to a fortnight or a lunar phase in a month of the Hindu lunar calendar.[1][2]
Literally meaning "side",[3] a paksha is the period either side of the purnima (full moon day). A lunar month in the Hindu calendar has two fortnights, and begins with the purnima (new moon). The lunar days are called tithis; each month has 30 tithis, which may vary from 20 – 27 hours. A paksha has 15 tithis, which are calculated by a 12 degree motion of the moon. The first fortnight between the new moon day and the full moon day is called the Gaura Paksha or Shukla Paksha (lit. 'white/bright/golden side'), the period of the brightening moon (waxing moon), and the second fortnight of the month is called the Vadhya Paksha or Krishna Paksha (lit. 'dark/black side'), the period of the fading moon (waning moon).[1][4] The Neemuch calendar begin a new lunar month from first day of Krishna Paksha, while the Gujarat calendar begins a new lunar month from the first day of Shukla Paksha.
Days of Shukla Paksha and Krishna Paksha
edit| Shukla Paksha | Krishna Paksha |
|---|---|
| 1. Prathama | 1. Prathama |
| 2. Dvitiya | 2. Dvitiya |
| 3. Tritiya | 3. Tritiya |
| 4. Chaturthi | 4. Chaturthi |
| 5. Panchami | 5. Panchami |
| 6. Shashti | 6. Shashti |
| 7. Saptami | 7. Saptami |
| 8. Ashtami | 8. Ashtami |
| 9. Navami | 9. Navami |
| 10. Dashami | 10. Dashami |
| 11. Ekadashi | 11. Ekadashi |
| 12. Dwadashi | 12. Dwadashi |
| 13. Thrayodashi | 13. Thrayodashi |
| 14. Chaturdashi | 14. Chaturdashi |
| 15. Purnima | 15. Amavasya, Ausi |
Shukla Paksha
editShukla Paksha refers to the bright lunar fortnight or waxing moon in the Hindu calendar. Shukla (Sanskrit: शुक्ल) is a Sanskrit word for "white" or "bright". The Shukla Paksha is a period of 15 days, which begins after the amavasya (new moon) day and culminating on purnima (full moon) day and is considered auspicious.[5]
Numerous festivals are held during this period, including the Navaratri festivals, most importantly Chaitra Navaratri and Ashvin Navaratri.
| Day | Tithi | Festival | Month |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st day | Pratipada | Gudi Padwa, Ugadi | Chaitra |
| 1st day | Pratipada | Bali Pratipada, Govardhan Puja | Kartika |
| 2nd day | Dvitiya | Bhaibeej | Kartika |
| 3rd day | Tritiya | Teej | Bhadrapada |
| 3rd day | Tritiya | Akshaya Tritiya | Vaishakha |
| 4th day | Chaturthi | Ganesh Chaturthi | Bhadrapada |
| 4th day | Chaturthi | Ganesh Jayanti | Magha |
| 5th day | Panchami | Nuakhai | Bhadrapada |
| 5th day | Panchami | Vivaha Panchami | Margashirsha |
| 5th day | Panchami | Vasanta Panchami | Magha |
| 6th day | Shasthi | Sitalsasthi | Jyestha |
| 8th day | Ashtami | Radhashtami | Bhadrapada |
| 9th day | Navami | Rama Navami | Chaitra |
| 10th day | Dashami | Vijayadashami | Ashvin |
| 11th day | Ekadashi | Shayani Ekadashi | Ashadha |
| 11th day | Ekadashi | Vaikuntha Ekadashi | Margashirsha |
| 14th day | Chaturdashi | Samvatsari | Bhadrapada |
| 15th day (full moon) | Purnima | Guru Purnima | Ashada |
Krishna Paksha
editKrishna Paksha refers to the dark lunar fortnight or waning moon in the Hindu calendar. Krishna (Sanskrit: कृष्ण) is a Sanskrit word for "dark". Krishna Paksha is a period of 15 days, which begins after purnima day (full moon), culminating on the amavasya (new moon). Krishna Paksha is considered inauspicious,[6] as the moon loses light during this period.
Festivals during the Krishna Paksha are:
| Day | Tithi | Festival | Month |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4th day | Chaturthi | Karva Chauth | Kartika |
| 8th day | Ashtami | Krishna Janmashtami | Bhadrapada |
| 13th day | Thrayodashi | Dhanteras | Kartika |
| 13th day | Thrayodashi | Pradosha | Magha |
| 14th day | Chaturdashi | Maha Shivaratri | Magha |
| 14th day | Chaturdashi | Naraka Chaturdashi (Diwali) | Kartika |
| 15th day (no moon) | Amavasya | Lakshmi Puja (Diwali) | Kartika |
Other usages
editIn Vedic astrology when a person does a prasna (a question chart) and the planet Venus indicates the time period, the event referred to in the answer will happen in a pakṣa (fortnight) from the time the question was asked.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Defouw, Hart; Robert Svoboda (2003). Light on Life: An Introduction to the Astrology of India. Lotus Press. p. 186. ISBN 0-940985-69-1.
- ^ Kumar, Ashwini (2005). Vaastu: The Art And Science Of Living. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 50. ISBN 81-207-2569-7.
- ^ Monnier-Williams, M: (1851) Sanskrit Dictionary ISBN (none)
- ^ Hindu calendar Archived 2010-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rinehart, Robin (2004-07-21). Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-57607-906-5.
- ^ Iyer, N. P. Subramania (1991). Kalaprakasika. Asian Educational Services. p. 79. ISBN 978-81-206-0252-6.
- K. V. Sarma (2008), "Paksa", Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures (2nd edition) edited by Helaine Selin, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4020-4559-2.
External links
edit- Ahargana - The Astronomy of the Hindu Calendar: Maana, Krishna Pksha, Shukla Paksha and Chandra Masa Explains Krishna paksha and Shukla paksha by means of astronomical simulations created using Stellarium.
- Hindu Festivals Calendar 2010 Archived 2016-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
- Introduction to the Hindu Calendar (pdf)