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Kalasin province

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Kalasin (Thai: กาฬสินธุ์, pronounced [kāːlāsǐn]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat), located in upper northeastern Thailand, also called Isan. The province was established by the Act Establishing Changwat Kalasin, BE 2490 (1947), and it came into existence on 1 October 1947. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Sakon Nakhon, Mukdahan, Roi Et, Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen, and Udon Thani.

Kalasin
กาฬสินธุ์
Province
From left to right, top to bottom: Phra That Yakhu, Lam Pao Dam, Sirindhorn Museum, Wat Buddhanimit
Flag of Kalasin
Flag
Official seal of Kalasin
Seal
Motto(s): 
"หลวงพ่อองค์ดำลือเลือง เมืองฟ้าแดดสงยาง โปงลางเลิศล้ำ วัฒนธรรมภูไท ผ้าไหมแพรวา ผาเสวยภูพาน มหาธารลำปาว ไดโนเสาร์สัตว์โลกล้านปี" ("Renowned Luang Pho Ong Dam. Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang, Exceptional Ponglang. Phu Thai culture. Praewa silk, Phu Phan's Savoey cliff. The great Lam Pao reservoir. Dinosaurs, the million-year-old creatures.")
Map of Thailand highlighting Kalasin province
Map of Thailand highlighting Kalasin province
Coordinates: 16°25′57″N 103°30′25″E / 16.43250°N 103.50694°E / 16.43250; 103.50694
CountryThailand
CapitalKalasin town
Government
 • GovernorSongpol Jai-krim
(since October 2020)[1]
Area
[2]
 • Total
6,936 km2 (2,678 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 27th
Population
 (2019)[3]
 • Total
983,418
 • RankRanked 23rd
 • Density142/km2 (370/sq mi)
  • RankRanked 29th
Human Achievement Index
[4]
 • HAI (2022)0.6315 "somewhat low"
Ranked 51st
GDP
[5]
 • Totalbaht 56 billion
(US$1.9 billion) (2019)
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)
Postal code
46xxx
Calling code043
ISO 3166 codeTH-46
Vehicle registrationกาฬสินธุ์
Websitewww.kalasin.go.th
Food vendor motorbike with sidecar in Kalasin

Geography

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Most of the province is covered by a hilly landscape. The town of Kalasin is at an elevation of 152 m (499 ft).[6] In the north is the Lam Pao Dam built from 1963 to 1968. It stores 1,430 million m3 of water for flood prevention and agriculture. The Lam Pao reservoir effectively cuts the northern part of the province in half, but there are car ferries connecting the district of Sahatsakhan in the east with the district Nong Kung Si in the west, saving up to one hour off the journey by road. On the northwestern creek of the reservoir, a road bridge connects the village of Ban Dong Bang in the west with the district town of Wang Sam Mo in the east. Although the bridge was constructed several years ago (pre-2000), it is not featured (2006) on any commercially available road maps. Kalasin is known for the dinosaur fossils found at Phu Kum Khao (Sahatsakhan District), the largest dinosaur site in Thailand. Most of the fossils are sauropods from 120 million years ago.

The Phu Phan mountain range marks the border with Sakhon Nakhon province, part of which is preserved as a national park. The total forest area is 759 km2 (293 sq mi) or 10.9 percent of provincial area.[2]

National parks

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There are two national parks, along with five other national parks, make up region 10 (Udon Thani) of Thailand's protected areas.

Wildlife sanctuary

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There is one wildlife sanctuary , along with five other wildlife sanctuaries, make up region 9 (Ubon Ratchathani) of Thailand's protected areas.

Economy

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Kalasin is an agricultural province producing sticky rice and other cash crops such as manioc (cassava) and sugar cane. Families typically live in a stress free environment simply growing fruits and vegetables to live off in this essentially rural area and make ends meet by producing baskets and the silk for which the region is renowned.[citation needed]

History

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During the Cretaceous, dinosaurs such as Phuwiangosaurus, Psittacosaurus and Siamosaurus lived in the area around the province. Phu Faek Forest Park contains the remains of several footprints and were discovered in 1996.[9]

Archaeological excavations at Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang, a site located within the province, uncovered an inscription in the Old Mon language, which provides insights into the language and culture of the Mon people during the 8th century CE Dvaravati period This inscription is significant for shedding light on the history and development of the Old Mon language, and its role in the region’s history and culture during the Dvaravati period in Northeastern Thailand. Similar inscriptions have also been found in Maha Sarakham and Khon Kaen provinces, highlighting the broader importance of this discovery for the study of the Dvaravati period in Northeastern Thailand.[10]

The first official town was founded in 1793. During the Thesaphiban reforms in the reign of King Rama V at the beginning of the 20th century, the town (mueang) was upgraded to a province. In 1932, when the country experienced the great economic depression, the province was demoted and absorbed as a district by Maha Sarakham province to reduce the financial burden on the country,[11] Kalasin was dependent on Maha Sarakham for 16 years. After the great recession and World War II, it once again became a province in 1947.[12]

In 2023, Kalasin hospital collaborated with Kalasin prison to open a new medical room to treet sick inmates.[13]

Demographics

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Languages such as Thai, Isaan and Phu Thai are spoken by people around the province.

Symbols

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The seal of the province shows a pond in front of the Phu Phan Mountains which form the boundary of the province. The water in the pond is black, as the name Kalasin means "black water". The big clouds as well as the water symbolize the fertility of the province.

The provincial logo and landmark is the Phra That Yakhu, an octagonal-shaped chedi, made of bricks.

The provincial flower is payorm or sweet shorea (Shorea roxburghii), and the provincial tree is sa-mae-san (Cassia garrettiana). The provincial aquatic life is the edible carp Thynnichthys thynnoides.

The provincial slogan is Fa Daet Song Yang ancient city, Pong Lang folk music, Phu Thai culture, Phrae Wa silk, Pha Saweoi Phu Phan, Lam Pao River, and million-year dinosaurs.

Administrative divisions

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Map of eighteen districts

Provincial government

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The province is divided into 18 districts (amphoes). The districts are further divided into 134 subdistricts (tambons) and 1,509 villages (mubans).

  1. Mueang Kalasin
  2. Na Mon
  3. Kamalasai
  4. Rong Kham
  5. Kuchinarai
  6. Khao Wong
  7. Yang Talat
  8. Huai Mek
  9. Sahatsakhan
  1. Kham Muang
  2. Tha Khantho
  3. Nong Kung Si
  4. Somdet
  5. Huai Phueng
  6. Sam Chai
  7. Na Khu
  8. Don Chan
  9. Khong Chai

Local government

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As of 26 November 2019 there are:[14] one Kalasin Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 79 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Kalasin and Bua Khao have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 77 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 71 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).[3]

Human achievement index 2022

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Health Education Employment Income
       
58 47 46 71
Housing Family Transport Participation
 
 
    
6 22 63 34
Province Kalasin, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6315 is "somewhat low", occupies place 51 in the ranking.

Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.[4]

Rank Classification
  1–13 "High"
14–29 "Somewhat high"
30–45 "Average"
46–61 "Somewhat low"
62–77 "Low"

References

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  1. ^ "ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง แต่งตั้งข้าราชการพลเรือนสามัญ" [Announcement of the Prime Minister's Office regarding the appointment of civil servants] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 137 (Special 194 Ngor). 8. 24 August 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 25, 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b "ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562" [Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2021, information, Forest statistics Year 2019, Thailand boundary from Department of Provincial Administration in 2013{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  3. ^ a b รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ส.2562 [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior. stat.bora.dopa.go.th (in Thai). 31 December 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  4. ^ a b "ข้อมูลสถิติดัชนีความก้าวหน้าของคน ปี 2565 (PDF)" [Human Achievement Index Databook year 2022 (PDF)]. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) (in Thai). Retrieved 12 March 2024, page 17{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  5. ^ "Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition". <>. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC). July 2019. ISSN 1686-0799. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  6. ^ "Elevation of Kalasin,Thailand Elevation Map, Topo, Contour". FloodMap. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
  7. ^ a b "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง" [National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  8. ^ "ตาราง 5 พื้นที่เขตรักษาพันธุ์สัตว์ป่า พ.ศ. 2562" [Table 5 Wildlife Sanctuary Areas in 2019] (PDF). Department of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Plant Conservation (in Thai). 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  9. ^ Newsroom, T. A. T. (2020-02-16). "Kalasin – The land of dinosaurs and natural and cultural treasures". TAT Newsroom. Retrieved 2023-04-10. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ จารึกมอญ ในประเทศไทย (in Thai), February 19, 2009
  11. ^ พระบรมราชโองการ ประกาศ ยุบรวมท้องที่บางมณฑลและบางจังหวัด (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 48 (ก): 576–578. 1932-02-21. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2008.
  12. ^ พระราชบัญญัติจัดตั้งจังหวัดกาฬสินธุ์ พ.ศ. ๒๔๙๐ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 64 (36 ก): 516–517. 1947-08-12. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2012.
  13. ^ Patchsuti, Warapol. "รพ.กาฬสินธุ์เปิดห้องพะยอม-ปันสุขรักษาผู้ต้องขังป่วย". เดลินิวส์ (in Thai). Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  14. ^ "Number of local government organizations by province". dla.go.th. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019. 3 Kalasin: 1 PAO, 2 Town mun., 77 Subdistrict mun., 71 SAO.
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