Alsophila smithii

Alsophila smithii
	Whole tree
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Cyatheales
Family:	Cyatheaceae
Genus:	Alsophila
Species:	A. smithii
Binomial name
	Alsophila smithii; (Hook.f.) R.M.Tryon
Synonyms
	Cyathea smithii Hook.f. ; Cyathea novae-zelandiae Domin ; Hemitelia microphylla Colenso ; Hemitelia smithii (Hook.f.) Hook ; Hemitelia stellulata Colenso ;

Alsophila smithii, synonym Cyathea smithii,^[1] commonly known as the soft tree fern or kātote, is a species of tree fern from New Zealand.

Distribution and ecology

The species' natural distribution covers all major islands of New Zealand: the North and South Islands, Stewart Island / Rakiura, the Chatham Islands, and south to the Auckland Islands. It is common in montane forest, with populations from the southern regions of its range growing in lowland forest. In the Westland forests of South Island, A. smithii occurs in the understory of certain broadleaf/podocarp forests.^[2]

Description

Katote is an understory tree fern that grows up to 8 m tall but tends not reaching into the canopy as do other iconic members of this genus. It grows slowly and is not a strong competitor except at higher altitudes. Like related tree ferns, it has rough scales along its rachis and trunk. A distinctive feature is the retention of dead fronds as a skirt. The skirt is not the whole frond, only the central rachis, making it a more compact skirt than that of Dicksonia fibrosa, another skirt clad tree fern.^[3]

Alsophila smithii produces masses of very soft and delicate looking fronds which spread horizontally from the crown and reach 2–2.5 m in length.^[3]

Cultivation

Alsophila smithii suffers in exposure to wind, sun and frost and is prone to drying out, but can be grown successfully in sheltered areas.^[3]

Uses

The pith was traditionally used as a starch source, but as it is rich in resin, it would likely be a food of last resort or at least an acquired taste. Tree fern trunks have been used as rough building material, fencing, and makeshift trackwork.^[3]

Illustration from The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror
Showing spores
Habitat and distinctive skirts

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (June 2019). "Alsophila smithii". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Vol. 8. Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
^ Hogan, C. Michael (April 2009). "Crown Fern: Blechnum discolor". GlobalTwitcher. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Large, Mark F. & Braggins, John E. (2004). Tree Ferns. Timber Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-88192-630-9.

[CFLW-1] Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (June 2019). "Alsophila smithii". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Vol. 8. Archived from the original on 2017-09-02. Retrieved 2019-08-20.

[Hogan09-2] Hogan, C. Michael (April 2009). "Crown Fern: Blechnum discolor". GlobalTwitcher. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13.

[LargBrag04-3] Large, Mark F. & Braggins, John E. (2004). Tree Ferns. Timber Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-88192-630-9.

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