John Erskine of Dun (1509–1591) was a Scottish religious reformer.
Biography
editThe son of Sir John Erskine, Laird of Dun, he was educated at King's College, University of Aberdeen. At the age of twenty-one Erskine was the cause — probably by accident — of a priest's death, and was forced to go abroad, where he came under the influence of the new learning. It was through him that Greek was first taught in Scotland by Pierre de Marsilliers, whom he brought to live at Montrose. This was a factor in the progress of the Reformation. Erskine was also drawn towards the new faith, being a close friend of George Wishart, the reformer, from whose fate he was saved by his wealth and influence, and of John Knox, who advised him to discountenance the mass openly.[1]
Erskine was a supporter of Mary of Guise during the war of the Rough Wooing and she wrote to him in March 1548 to thank him for his support of Mary, Queen of Scots, and recommended him to Henri II of France. Erskine built a fort to defend the harbour of Montrose, and defeated an English landing force.[2] In August 1549, Erskine objected to the appointment of Captain Beauchastell and a French garrison to the fort at Montrose. Guise wrote that he was still technically in command, and that, "Otherwise it is not best that such thing should be done, considering we have written so much good of your part to the king, and that now any thing should be shown of you in the contrary".[3]
In the stormy controversies of the time of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her son, James VI, Erskine was a conspicuous figure and a moderating influence. He was able to soothe the queen when her feelings had been outraged by Knox's denunciations — being a man "most gentill of nature" — and frequently acted as mediator both between the Roman Catholic and reforming parties, and among the reformers themselves. In 1560 he was appointed — though a layman — superintendent of the reformed church of Scotland for Angus and Mearns, and in 1572 he gave his assent to the modified episcopacy proposed by James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton at the Leith convention.[1]
Following his ordination to the ministry in 1561,[4] because he was held in such high esteem by the leaders of the church that he was elected moderator of the general assembly several times (first in 1564), and he was amongst those who in 1588 drew up the Second Book of Discipline. From 1579 he was a member of the king's council. Erskine owed his peculiar influence among the Scottish reformers to his personality; Queen Mary described him as "a mild and sweet-natured man, with true honesty and uprightness".[1]
Erskine married Agnes Ogilvy, daughter of Katherine Campbell (d. 1578) and James Ogilvy, Master of Ogilvy.
Witch hunt in 1568
editJohn Erskine of Dun obtained a commission to hold a judiciary court in April 1568 to hold trials for nearly 40 people in Angus and the Mearns suspected of "crimes of sorcery and witchcraft".[5]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Patrick Abercromby, The History of the Campagnes 1548 and 1549, pp. 57–63.
- ^ HMC 5th Report (A. J. Erskine) (London, 1874), p. 635 (in Scots).
- ^ Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae, Revised and Enlarged edition 1925, Volume 5 p. 387.
- ^ Arthur H. Williamson, Scottish National Consciousness in the age of James VI (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1979), p. 56.
References
edit- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Erskine, John (reformer)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 755. This article cites:
- "Dun Papers" in the Spalding Club Miscellany, vol. iv. (1849),
- Henderthson, T. F. (1885–1900). . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
