Johanna Bormann (misspelled: Juana Bormann); 10 September 1893 – 13 December 1945)[1] was a German prison guard at several Nazi concentration camps from 1938. She was executed as a war criminal at Hamelin after a court trial in 1945.[2]
Johanna Bormann | |
|---|---|
 Mugshot of Bormann in August 1945, while she was awaiting trial | |
| Born | 10 September 1893 Birkenfelde, Saxony, Germany |
| Died | 13 December 1945 (aged 52) |
Early life
editBormann was born on 10 September 1893 in Birkenfelde, East Prussia (now Germany).[3] Not much in known about her early life, but she was raised in the Catholic faith.[3]
Career, trial and execution
editAt her trial, Bormann said she had joined the Auxiliary SS, on 1 March 1938, as a civilian employee[4][page needed] "to earn more money". She first served at the Lichtenburg concentration camp in Saxony under SS Oberaufseherin Jane Bernigau with 49 other SS women.[citation needed] She worked in the camp kitchens.[3]
In 1939, she was assigned to oversee a work crew at the new Ravensbrück women's camp near Berlin. In March 1942, Bormann was one of a handful of women selected for guard duty at Auschwitz in occupied Poland. Short in stature, she was known for her cruelty. Victims called her "Wiesel" (weasel) and "the woman with the dogs".[3]
In October 1942, Bormann went to Auschwitz-Birkenau as an Aufseherin. Her supervisors included Maria Mandel, Margot Dreschel, and Irma Grese. Bormann was eventually moved to Budy, a nearby subcamp where she continued her abuse of prisoners.[citation needed]
In 1944, as German losses mounted, Bormann was transferred to the auxiliary camp at Hindenburg (present-day Zabrze, Poland) in Silesia. In January 1945, she returned to Ravensbrück.[3] In March, she arrived at her last post, Bergen-Belsen, near Celle, where she served under Josef Kramer, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath (all of whom had served with her in Birkenau). On 15 April 1945, the British Army took Bergen-Belsen, finding over 10,000 corpses and 60,000 survivors. The liberators forced all SS personnel to carry the dead.[citation needed]
Bormann was later incarcerated and interrogated by the British, then prosecuted at the Belsen Trial, which lasted from 17 September 1945 to 17 November 1945. The court heard testimony relating to murders she had committed at Auschwitz and Belsen,[5] sometimes unleashing her "big bad wolfhound" German shepherd on helpless prisoners. She denied all of the charges, only admitting to slapping prisoners with her hands to discipline them.[3]
She was found guilty, and hanged (along with Grese and Volkenrath) on 13 December 1945. Her executioner, Albert Pierrepoint, later wrote:
"She limped down the corridor looking old and haggard. She was 42 [sic] years old standing only a little over five feet. She was trembling as she was put on the scale. In German she said: 'I have my feelings'."[6][page needed]
References
edit- ^ Lore Shelley (1992). Auschwitz--the Nazi Civilization: Twenty-three Women Prisoners' Accounts : Auschwitz Camp Administration and SS Enterprises and Workshops. University Press of America. p. 258. ISBN 9780819184719.
- ^ Roland, Paul (2014-08-15). Nazi Women: The Attraction of Evil. Arcturus Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78428-046-8.
- ^ a b c d e f Bartrop, Paul R.; Grimm, Eve E. (2019-01-11). Perpetrating the Holocaust: Leaders, Enablers, and Collaborators. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-1-4408-5897-0.
- ^ Bartrop, Paul (2019-06-26). The Holocaust: The Basics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-32989-7.
- ^ Newman, Aubrey (2002). The Holocaust. Caxton Editions. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-84067-295-4.
- ^ Pierrepoint, Albert (1974). Executioner. Harrap. ISBN 0-245-52070-8.