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Jesse Leonard Greenstein (October 15, 1909 – October 21, 2002) was an American astronomer.[1] His parents were Maurice G. and Leah Feingold.
Jesse L. Greenstein | |
|---|---|
| Born | Jesse Leonard Greenstein October 15, 1909 |
| Died | October 21, 2002 (aged 93) |
| Alma mater | Harvard University |
| Awards | California Scientist of the Year (1964) Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1970) Bruce Medal (1971) Petrie Prize Lecture (1971) NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal (1974) Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1975) |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Yerkes Observatory Caltech |
| Doctoral advisor | Donald H. Menzel |
He earned a Ph.D, with thesis advisor Donald H. Menzel, from Harvard University in 1937, having started there at age 16.[2] Before leaving Harvard, Greenstein was involved in a project with Fred Lawrence Whipple to explain Karl Jansky's discovery of radio waves from the Milky Way and to propose a source.[3] He began his professional career at Yerkes Observatory under Otto Struve and later went to Caltech. With Louis G. Henyey he invented a new spectrograph and a wide-field camera. He directed the Caltech astronomy program until 1972 and later did classified work on military reconnaissance satellites.
With Leverett Davis, Jr, he demonstrated in 1949 that the magnetic field in our galaxy is aligned with the spiral arms. His theoretical work with Davis was based on the conclusion just reached by William A. Hiltner that the recently detected polarization of starlight was due to dichroic extinction by interstellar dust grains aligned with the ambient magnetic field.
For the 1965 book Galactic Structure, edited by Blaauw and Schmidt, Greenstein wrote an important chapter on subluminous blue stars.[4]
Greenstein did important work in determining the abundances of the elements in stars, and was, with Maarten Schmidt, among the first to recognize quasars as compact, very distant sources as bright as a galaxy. The spectra of the first quasars discovered, radio sources 3C 48 and 3C 273, were displaced so far to the red due to their redshifts as to be almost unrecognizable, but Greenstein deciphered 3C 48 shortly before Schmidt, his colleague at the Hale Observatories worked out the spectrum of 3C 273.
Honors
editAwards
- Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society (1970)
- Bruce Medal (1971)
- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1975)
- Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1980)[5]
Honors
edit- Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1954)[6]
- Elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences (1957)[7]
- Elected to the American Philosophical Society (1968)[8]
Named after him
References
edit- ^ Wallerstein, George (December 2003). "Obituary: Jesse Leonard Greenstein". Physics Today. 56 (12): 84–85. Bibcode:2003PhT....56l..84W. doi:10.1063/1.1650245.
- ^ Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0.
- ^ Jessie L. Greenstein, Optical and Radio Astronomers in the Early Years. In Sullivan, Woodruff T. (2005). The Early Years of Radio Astronomy: Reflections Fifty Years After Jansky's Discovery. Cambridge University Press. pp. 67-82
- ^ Irwin, John B. (1966-02-11). "Review of Galactic Structure, vol. 5 of the series Stars and Stellar Systems. Edited by A. Blaauw and M. Schmidt". Science. 151 (3711). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 679–680. doi:10.1126/science.151.3711.679.b. ISSN 0036-8075. p. 680
- ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ "Jesse Leonard Greenstein". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- ^ "Jesse L. Greenstein". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-09-19.