Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye-grass,[2] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown.[3]
| Lolium multiflorum | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | Lolium |
| Species: | L. multiflorum
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| Binomial name | |
| Lolium multiflorum | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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List
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It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop.[4][5] It is also grown as an ornamental grass. It readily naturalizes in temperate climates, and can become a noxious weed in arable areas and an invasive species in native habitats.[3]
It is a host plant to wheat yellow leaf virus in its native Europe.[6]
It is sometimes considered a subspecies of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). It differs from L. perenne in its spikelet, which has a long bristle at the top, and its stem, which is round rather than folded.
It can be mistaken for couch (Elymus repens), which has spikelets along the broad side of the stem rather than the edge.[7]
Other common names in English include Australian ryegrass, short rotation ryegrass, and Westerwolds ryegrass. It is also one of several species called darnel.
Uses
editLolium multiflorum is widely used to provide large forage yields in short term leys where persistence of the crop is not a priority. In the United States, Lolium multiflorum is sometimes used as a winter cover crop to prevent erosion, build soil structure and suppress weeds. As a palatable forage crop, it can be grazed by livestock and provide food in years when alfalfa suffers from winter kill.[8]
References
edit- ^ "Lolium multiflorum Lam". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ a b Quattrocchi, Umberto (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology - 3 Volume Set. CRC. p. 2408. ISBN 978-0-8493-1303-5.
- ^ Cosgrove, Dennis; Michael Casler; Dan Undersander (1999-12-02). "Rygrass types for pasture and hay". Agronomy Advice. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences University of Wisconsin Extension and Cooperative Education. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ^ Moseley, G.; E. L. Jones; V. Ramanathan (September 1988). "The nutritional evaluation of Italian ryegrass cultivars fed as silage to sheep and cattle". Grass and Forage Science. 43 (3): 291–295. Bibcode:1988GForS..43..291M. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb02154.x.
- ^ Lapierre, Hervé; Signoret, Pierre A., eds. (2004). Viruses and Virus diseases of Poaceace (Gramineae). France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. p. 605. ISBN 978-2-7380-1088-9.
- ^ Reader's Digest Nature Lovers Library Field Guide To Wild Flowers Of Britain, 1998, page 416
- ^ "Annual Ryegrass". Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education. USDA. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
External links
edit- "Italian Ryegrass" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture PLANTS.