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I Will Always Love You (Whitney Houston recording)

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"I Will Always Love You" is a song by American singer-songwriter Whitney Houston released on November 2, 1992, via Arista Records for the soundtrack to The Bodyguard, her film debut. It was released as the soundtrack's lead single. Houston's version was produced by Canadian musician David Foster. The song was a global success topping the singles charts in 34 countries. It sold over 24 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling single by a female artist of all time as well as one of the best-selling singles of all time.[4][5] It was also the world's best-selling single of 1992.[6]

"I Will Always Love You"
US CD single
Single by Whitney Houston
from the album The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album
B-side
  • "Jesus Loves Me"
  • "Do You Hear What I Hear?"
ReleasedNovember 2, 1992 (1992-11-02)
RecordedApril 22, 1992
Genre
Length4:31
LabelArista
Songwriter(s)Dolly Parton
Producer(s)David Foster
Whitney Houston singles chronology
"We Didn't Know"
(1992) 		"I Will Always Love You"
(1992) 		"I'm Every Woman"
(1993)
Music video
"I Will Always Love You" on YouTube
Audio sample

Houston won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the song,[7] which was originally written and sung in 1973 by Dolly Parton. A live performance was included on the 1999 release Divas Live '99, and a 1994 performance of the song was included on the 2014 CD/DVD release of Whitney Houston Live: Her Greatest Performances.[8]

Houston's version of the song appeared at No. 8 on NME's Greatest No 1 Singles in History list.[9] In 2004, Houston's version of "I Will Always Love You" placed at number 65 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema.[10] It was also ranked at number 22 on The Guardian's list of Britain's favorite 100 songs, published in May 2002.[11] In February 2014, the song placed at number six on Billboard's list of the Top 50 Love Songs of All Time.[12]

Background

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Houston was originally to record Jimmy Ruffin's "What Becomes of the Brokenhearted" as the lead single from The Bodyguard. However, when it was discovered that the song would be used in Fried Green Tomatoes, Houston requested a different song. It was her co-star Kevin Costner who suggested "I Will Always Love You", playing her Linda Ronstadt's 1975 version from her album Prisoner in Disguise.[13][14] Producer David Foster and Houston re-arranged the song as a soul ballad.[2]

Her record company did not feel a song with an a cappella introduction would be as successful; however, Houston and Costner insisted on retaining it. When Parton heard that Houston was using Ronstadt's recording as a template, she called Foster to give him the final verse, which was missing from the Ronstadt recording, as she felt it was important to the song. Houston recorded the song on April 22, 1992,[15] and was issued as the soundtrack's leading single on November 2, 1992, by Arista Records.[16] Houston's recording is not the only version of the song featured in the film. In a scene where she dances with Costner, a version by John Doe can be heard playing on a jukebox.

Composition

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The song has a saxophone solo by Kirk Whalum. Sheet music for Houston's version of this song shows the key of A major in common time with a tempo of "freely" at 60 beats per minute. Three minutes and 31 seconds later, it shifts to B major.[17]

Critical reception

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Houston's cover of "I Will Always Love You" received widespread acclaim from music critics, being now regarded as one of her "signature'' songs. Larry Flick of Billboard wrote that the song is "bolstered by a remarkably restrained (and ultimately effective) vocal by Houston. She builds to dramatic, heartfelt conclusion that makes sense, given the unusually slow-building created by producer David Foster."[18] Randy Clark of Cashbox noted that "the unstoppable voice and unquestionable talent of Whitney Houston will no doubt come roaring back onto the charts with this cover".[19] Amy Linden of Entertainment Weekly said it "is artistically satisfying and uncharacteristically hip for the MOR songbird."[20] John Martinucci of Gavin Report asserted that Houston "delivers a powerful rendition that reminds us of her natural abilities as a singer with or without musical accompaniment."[21] Other critics have called the key change Stephen Holden of The New York Times called it a "magnificent rendition", commenting,

Houston transforms a plaintive country ballad into a towering pop-gospel assertion of lasting devotion to a departing lover. Her voice breaking and tensing, she treats the song as a series of emotional bursts in a steady climb toward a final full-out declamation. Along the way, her virtuosic gospel embellishments enhance the emotion and never seem merely ornamental.[22]

Peter Stanton of Smash Hits commented, "A slow intro moulds into a crescendo of huggy-kissy-smoochiness that could melt the heart of the yeti of Northern Siberia."[23] Writing for USA Today on November 17, 1992, James T. Jones IV labeled it a "tour-de-force", and added "[Houston] gives a 31⁄2-star [out of four] performance. Where Dolly Parton's original 'I Will Always Love You' was plaintive and tear-stained, Houston's is gospel-infused and dramatic."[24]

The key change after the third verse drew much mention. Chris Willman of the Los Angeles Times commented that the singer "has the goods to deliver on the tune's haunting beauty and resists overpowering it – until the finale, when the key change and stratospheric notes drain all the heart-rending sadness out of the song and make it sound like just another anthem of survival."[25] But more typical is this 2004 take in The Guardian, in which Glenn Waldron calls the modulation "all-conquering, all-powerful".[26]

Commercial performance

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The single spent 14 weeks at the top of the US Billboard Hot 100, which at the time was a record.[27][28] It became Houston's longest run atop the chart, surpassing her previous record of three weeks with "Greatest Love of All" in 1986. It is also the longest running number-one single from a soundtrack album. It holds the record for the most consecutive weeks at number one in the US by a solo artist, sharing the title with Elton John's "Candle in the Wind '97" and becoming the longest running female consecutive number one single in history, earning Houston a Guinness World Record.[29]

It debuted at number 40 on the Billboard Hot 100, and became Houston's tenth number-one entry two weeks later. It also dominated other Billboard charts, spending 14 weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 Single Sales chart, and 11 weeks at number one on its Hot 100 Airplay chart. The song remained at number one on the Mainstream Top 40 chart for nine consecutive weeks. It was Houston's first single on the chart and her first number one. The song also remained at number one for five weeks on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks, and for 11 weeks on the Hot R&B Singles chart becoming the longest running number one on the R&B charts at the time; it remained in the top 40 for 24 weeks.[30][31][32] It became Arista Records' biggest hit. The song was number one on the Hot 100, Adult Contemporary, and R&B chart simultaneously for a record five weeks, beating a record set by Ray Charles' "I Can't Stop Loving You", which set the record in 1962 for four.[33]

The song stayed at number one in the U.S. throughout January and February 1993, making it the first time Billboard did not rank a new number-one single until March of the new year. Houston's "I Will Always Love You" was also the year-end number one single of 1993 in the US.[34] Similarly, in the UK, Houston's version was ranked the number-one single of 1992, and then made the countdown again in 1993 where it was ranked number nine, marking the first time any musical act had the same single ranked in the top ten of the year-end review two years in a row.[35] In Australia, it was the number 17 single of 1992 and the number two song of 1993.[36][37]

Houston's "I Will Always Love You" was also a massive international hit, topping the singles charts in almost every country, including the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles, where it spent 13 weeks at the top. The single ruled the summit position for ten weeks in Australia,[38] five weeks in Austria,[39] seven weeks for Belgium,[40] eight weeks in France,[41] six weeks in Germany,[42] eight weeks in Ireland,[43] six weeks in the Netherlands,[44] fourteen weeks in New Zealand,[45] nine weeks in Norway,[46] one week in Spain and Uruguay, six weeks in Sweden,[47] eight weeks in Switzerland,[48] and ten weeks in the UK.[49] The song reached the number one spot in the UK in 1992. Houston's ten-week reign in the UK was the longest run at the top by a solo female artist in the history of the British singles chart, until it was overtaken by Tones & I in 2019.[50][51][52] It was the year-end number one song for in three countries – the U.S., Canada and the UK.

Houston's single sold approximately 400,000 copies in its second week at the top of the charts, making it the best-selling song in a single week surpassing Bryan Adams' "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You". It broke its own record in the following three weeks, peaking at 632,000 copies in the week ending on December 27, 1992. The January 9, 1993, issue of Billboard reported it had broken its own record for most copies sold in a single week for any song in the Nielsen SoundScan era. This record was broken by Elton John's "Candle in the Wind 1997/Something About the Way You Look Tonight", which sold 3.4 million in the final week of September 1997.[53] "I Will Always Love You" was certified four times Platinum in the U.S. for shipments of over 4 million copies by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 12, 1993, making Houston the first female artist with a single to reach that level in RIAA history.[54][55] According to Nielsen SoundScan, as of 2009, the single had sold 4,591,000 copies, and had become the second best-selling physical single in the US.[56][57] On January 12, 2022, the single was certified Diamond by the RIAA for selling 10 million equivalent sales units from sales and streams, becoming the second-eldest song in history to do so after Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" and the third song overall in the 20th century to do so, preceded by "Bohemian Rhapsody" and Mariah Carey's 1994 Christmas single, "All I Want for Christmas is You".[58] With this accomplishment, Houston became only the third female artist to have a diamond single and album after Carey and Taylor Swift.[58]

In the UK, the single sold over 1,550,000 copies, becoming the tenth best-selling single of the 1990s, and was certified two times Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on January 1, 1993.[59][60][61] In doing so, it became just the second single by a female artist in UK music history after Jennifer Rush's "The Power of Love" to sell a million copies in the UK.[62] In 1992 alone the single had sold 960,000 copies in United Kingdom.[63] In 1993 the single sold 395,000 copies in United Kingdom.[64] It was certified Platinum for shipments of over 500,000 copies by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI) in Germany.[65] In Japan, "I Will Always Love You" sold over 810,000 copies, staying for 27 weeks on the chart, and became the best-selling single by a foreign female artist at the time, despite not topping the charts.[66][67]

Only a few hours after Houston's death on February 11, 2012, "I Will Always Love You" topped the U.S. iTunes charts. Also, in the week following her death, the single returned to the Billboard Hot 100 after almost twenty years, debuting at number seven, and becoming a posthumous top-ten single for Houston, the first one since 2001. The song eventually peaked at number three (two spots shy of repeating the feat achieved by Chubby Checker when "The Twist" returned to the top position after previously falling off the chart).[68] It debuted on the Billboard Hot Digital Singles Chart at number three on the chart dated February 25, 2012, with over 195,000 copies downloaded.[69] In the UK, the song charted at number ten the week of Houston's death.[70]

Accolades

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"I Will Always Love You" won the 1994 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance, Houston's third win in the latter category after earlier wins in 1986 and 1988. During the Grammy Award telecast, the Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female award was presented to Houston by composer Dolly Parton and David Foster. The single topped the 1993 Billboard Hot 100 and Hot R&B Singles year-end charts simultaneously, becoming the first single by a female artist and the second overall to achieve that feat behind Prince's "When Doves Cry" in 1984. In addition, it received Favorite Pop/Rock Single and Favorite Soul/R&B Single awards at the 21st American Music Awards, which was the first record by a solo female artist to win both categories, and the third overall in AMA history behind "Endless Love" by Lionel Richie & Diana Ross in 1982 and "Beat It" by Michael Jackson in 1984. "I Will Always Love You" won two Japan Gold Disc Awards in 1993 for International Song of the Year, and a 1994 International Song of the Year Special Award for Japanese sales of over one million units.[71]

In 2020, "I Will Always Love You" was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[72] In 2021, "I Will Always Love You" was listed at number 94 on the updated list of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[73] In 2023, "I Will Always Love You" was listed at number 60 on Billboard's list of the 500 Best Pop Songs of All Time, Houston's second highest-ranked song on the list.[74]

Accolades for "I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston
Organization Year Award Result Ref.
American Music Awards 1994 Favorite Pop/Rock Single Won [75]
Favorite Soul/R&B Single Won
Billboard Music Awards 1993 #1 Hot 100 Single (Hot 100 Single of the Year) Won [76][77]
#1 Hot R&B Single (R&B Single of the Year) Won
Special Award: Single Most Weeks at No. 1 (14 weeks) Won
No. 1 World Single Won
No. 1 Hot 100 Singles Sales Won
No. 1 Hot R&B Singles Sales Won
Grammy Awards 1994 Record of the Year Won [78]
Best Pop Vocal Performance – Female Won
Grammy Hall of Fame 2018 Grammy Hall of Fame Inducted [79]
Japan Gold Disc Awards 1993 Song of the Year – International Won [80]
1994 Special Award Won
Library of Congress 2020 National Recording Registry Inducted [72]
MTV Movie Awards 1993 Best Song from a Movie Won [81]
People's Choice Awards 1993 Favorite New Music Video Won [82]
Soul Train Music Awards 1993 Best R&B/Soul Single – Female Won [83]
1994 Best R&B Song of the Year Won [84][85]

Critic lists

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"I Will Always Love You" on select critic lists
Publisher/critic Year Listicle Rank Ref.
American Film Institute 2004 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs 65 [86]
Billboard 2023 The 500 Best Pop Songs of All Time 60 [74]
Top 50 Love Songs of All Time 6 [87]
LiveAbout 2021 100 of the Best Pop Songs of All Time 37 [88]
MTV 2007 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s 4 [89]
MTV Australia 2013 The Official Top 1000 All Time Classics No order [90]
NME 2012 NME's Greatest No. 1 Singles in History 8 [91]
Paste 2023 Best #1 Hits of 1993 1 [92]
Pitchfork 2022 The 250 Best Songs of the 1990s 59 [93]
Rolling Stone 2007 100 Greatest Songs of the '90s 4 [89]
2021 The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time 94 [73]
VH1 2000 100 Greatest Pop Songs 40 [94]
2003 100 Best Songs of the Past 25 Years 8 [95]
2012 40 Greatest R&B Songs of the '90s 3 [96]

Controversy

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After Houston's recording became a hit in 1992, the tabloid press began reporting on a 'feud' between the two performers, stemming from Parton allegedly reneging on an agreement that she would not perform the song for a number of months while Houston's version was on the charts, so as not to compete with Houston's recording. However, both Parton and Houston dismissed any rumors, speaking glowingly of one another in interviews.[97][98]

Houston praised Parton for writing a beautiful song. In return, Parton thanked Houston for bringing her song to a wider audience and increasing the amount of royalties in the process. Parton also gave a live interview, confirming this. When Houston won the Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female award at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards for her recording, Parton (along with David Foster) presented the award. In a statement to Billboard mourning Houston's death in February 2012, Parton said:

Mine is only one of the millions of hearts broken over the death of Whitney Houston. I will always be grateful and in awe of the wonderful performance she did on my song and I can truly say from the bottom of my heart, 'Whitney, I will always love you. You will be missed.'[99]

Music video

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The single's music video is credited to Alan Smithee (Nick Brandt removed his name due to the way Clive Davis re-edited the video), and produced by Rob Newman. It begins with the performance of the song Houston gives at the end of The Bodyguard. The video then cuts to the singer in a dark blue suit sitting in an empty theater with the spotlight shining on her, singing of her love, and when she starts her dramatic vocal finale, the theater changes into open camp surrounded by snow, which is meant to be at Fallen Leaf Lake, California, where The Bodyguard's boat scene was filmed. The video is interspersed with scenes from the film and gives the viewer the experience of reliving the moments with Houston. At the time of the video's shooting the singer was pregnant with her daughter Bobbi Kristina, so she is shown only sitting in the theater scenes.[100] On October 24, 2020, the video for "I Will Always Love You" reached at least one billion views on YouTube, making it the first music video of the 20th century by a solo artist to reach the milestone.[101]

Formats and track listings

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Credits and personnel

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Charts

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Certifications and sales

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Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[196] 4× Platinum 280,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[197] Gold 25,000*
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[198] Platinum 90,000‡
France (SNEP)[199] Gold 250,000*
Germany (BVMI)[200] Platinum 500,000^
Italy (FIMI)[201] Platinum 50,000‡
Japan (RIAJ)[202]
Physical single 		5× Platinum 500,000^
Japan (RIAJ)[203]
Digital single 		Platinum 250,000*
Mexico (AMPROFON)[204] Gold 30,000*
Netherlands (NVPI)[205] Platinum 75,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[206] Platinum 10,000*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[207] Platinum 60,000‡
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[208] Platinum 60,000‡
Sweden (GLF)[209] Platinum 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[210] 2× Platinum 1,670,000[184]
United States (RIAA)[211] Diamond 10,000,000‡

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Tributes

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Jennifer Hudson performed the song in front of Houston, who received The BET Honors Award for Entertainer Lifetime Achievement spanning over 25 years in the industry. The 2010 BET Honors Awards was held at the Warner Theatre in Washington, D.C. and aired on February 1, 2010. Since Houston's death in 2012, many other artists have performed tributes to the late singer's version of the song, including on February 12, 2012, when Hudson performed the song as a tribute during the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, the day after Houston's death, alongside images of musicians who had died in 2011 and 2012, including Amy Winehouse and Etta James. Parton complimented Hudson on her performance, saying,

I was brought to tears again last night, as I'm sure many were, when Jennifer Hudson sang "I Will Always Love You" on the Grammys in memory of Whitney. Like everybody else, I am still in shock. But I know that Whitney will live forever in all the great music that she left behind. I will always have a very special piece of her in the song we shared together and had the good fortune to share with the world. Rest in peace, Whitney. Again, we will always love you.[212][213]

The song was played at Houston's funeral as her casket was brought out of the church. The song title also served as the epitaph on Houston's gravestone.[214] In 2012, following Whitney Houston's death, American singer Beyoncé performed a tribute to Houston during her revue Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live in Atlantic City, New Jersey at the Revel resort.[215][216] She began the performance of her song "Halo" singing the first verse of "I Will Always Love You" a cappella.[216][217] Later, in 2013, during her The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, Beyoncé also sang the opening lines of "I Will Always Love You" prior to the performance of "Halo" as the final song of the tour.[218] At the 2017 Commencement of the University of Southern California, Will Ferrell sang "I Will Always Love You" to the graduating class.[219]

References

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