Masaba (Lumasaaba), sometimes known as Gisu (Lugisu) after one of its dialects, is a Bantu language spoken by more than two million people in East Africa. The Gisu dialect in eastern Uganda is mutually intelligible with Bukusu, spoken by ethnic Luhya in western Kenya. Masaba is the local name of Mount Elgon and the name of the son of the ancestor of the Gisu tribe. Like other Bantu languages, Lumasaba nouns are divided into several sets of noun classes. These are similar to the genders in Germanic and Romance languages, except that instead of the usual two or three, there are around eighteen different noun classes. The language has a quite complex verb morphology.
| Masaba | |
|---|---|
| Lumasaba | |
| Native to | Uganda |
| Region | Eastern Uganda, south of the Kupsabiny, Bugisu Province |
| Ethnicity | Masaba, Luhya |
Native speakers | 2.7 million (2002 & 2009 censuses)[1] |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:myx – Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya)bxk – Bukusu (Tachoni)lts – Tachoni |
| Glottolog | masa1299 Masaababuku1249 Bukusutach1242 Tachoni |
JE.31[2] | |
Varieties
editVarieties of Masaba are as follows:[3]
- Gisu (Lugisu)
- Kisu
- Bukusu (Lubukusu; ethnic Luhya)
- Syan
- Tachoni (Lutachoni; ethnic Luhya)
- Dadiri (Ludadiri)
- Buya (Lubuya)
Dadiri is spoken in the north, Gisu in the center, and Buya in the center and south of Masaba territory in Uganda. Bukusu is spoken in Kenya, separated from ethnic Masaba by Nilotic languages on the border.
Phonology
editSee Bukusu dialect for details of one variety of Masaba.
Consonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | |
| voiced | b | d | g | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ||
| voiced | β | z | |||
| Approximant | (w) | l | j | ||
- Sounds /k, ɡ, ŋ/ when before front vowels /i, e/ are heard as palatal [c, ɟ, ɲ].
- Sounds /i, u/ may be heard as glides [w, j] within inital vowel sequences.
Vowels
editMasaba has a basic 5-vowel system consisting of /i, e, a, o, u/.
References
edit- ^ Masaba (Gisu, Kisu, Dadiri, Buya) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Bukusu (Tachoni) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Tachoni at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ Maho (2009)
Bibliography
edit- Brown, Gillian (1972) Phonological Rules and Dialectal Variation: A study of the phonology of Lumasaaba ISBN 0-521-08485-7
External links
edit- Kulomba Kwikumutikinyi Portions of the Book of Common Prayer in Masaba (1907) digitized by Richard Mammana and Charles Wohlers
- http://open-chapel.com/scripture/language-preservation/lumasaaba-language-study/ Learning Lumasaaba by Catherine Mabongor