En (autonym: aiɲ53 or eɲ33ʔ,[4] also known as Nùng Vẻn) is a Kra language spoken in Vietnam. Before its discovery in 1998, En language was undistinguished from Nùng, which is a Central Tai language closely related to Zhuang. In the late 1990s, Vietnamese linguist Hoàng Văn Ma had first recognized that it was not a Tai language, ultimately leading to field work distinguishing En as a separate language. Researchers have determined En to be one of the Buyang languages.
| En | |
|---|---|
| Vietnamese: Tiếng Nùng Vẻn | |
| Native to | Cả Tiểng (Cja Tjeng), Nội Thôn village, Hà Quảng district, Cao Bằng province. |
| Region | Việt Nam |
| Ethnicity | 236 (2017)[1] |
Native speakers | (200 cited 1998)[2] |
| Unwritten[3] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | enc |
| Glottolog | ennn1243 |
| ELP | En |
The speakers of En live in northern Vietnam near the border with Jingxi County, Guangxi. In 1998, En speakers were found 12 km to the east of Hà Quảng city in Nội Thôn village, Hà Quảng District, Cao Bằng Province.
Phone
editEn has 6 tones:[5] / ˥˦, ˨˦˧, ˧˧˨, ˧, ˨˩˨, ˧˨ / (/54, 243, 332, 33, 212, 32/).
References
edit- ^ "Kỳ lạ một tộc người nói tiếng không giống dân tộc nào". 13 April 2017.
- ^ En at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ ""Ẩn số" kho trầm tích văn hóa người Nùng Vẻn duy nhất ở Cao Bằng - Báo Cao Bằng điện tử".
- ^ https://sti.vista.gov.vn/tw/Lists/TaiLieuKHCN/Attachments/351187/CVv281S092022031.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University. page 90.
Further reading
edit- Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. The Tai–Kadai Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008.