Digaro, also Taraon, Tawra, or Darang, is a Digarish language of northeastern Arunachal Pradesh, India and Zayü County, Tibet, China.
| Digaro Mishmi | |
|---|---|
| Tawra | |
| Taraon | |
| Native to | India, China |
| Region | Arunachal |
| Ethnicity | Mishmi people |
Native speakers | 35,000 (2001 census)[1] |
Possibly Digarish (Mishmic)
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mhu |
| Glottolog | diga1241 |
| ELP | Digaro-Mishmi |
 Taraon is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Names
editAccording to Jiang, et al. (2013:2), their autonym is tɑ31 rɑŋ53 or da31 raŋ53, and alternatively tɯŋ53 (Deng 登, 僜) in China. The Kaman (Miju) call them tɕi31 moŋ35, the Idu call them tɑ31 rɑŋ35, and the Assamese call them Digaro Mishmi.
Distribution
editIndia
editIn Arunachal Pradesh, India, Digaro Mishmi is spoken in Hayuliang, Changlagam, and Goiliang circles in the Amjaw district (Ethnologue). It is also spoken in Dibang Valley district and Assam.
China
editJiang, et al. (2013:2) reports that in Zayü County, Tibet, Taraon is spoken in the following villages.
- E River watershed 额河流域
- Jiyu village 吉玉村 (alternatively named Juyu 巨玉)
- Ciba village 次巴村
- Rusu village 如苏村
- Demen village 德门村
- Zigeng village 自更村
- Xiani village 下尼村
- Ba'antong 巴安通
- Xin village 新村
- Sang'ang River watershed 桑昂河流域
- Gayao village 嘎尧村
- Chayu River watershed 察隅河流域
- Dongchong 洞冲, Lower Chayu town 下察隅镇
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | (Alveolo-) palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | ts | tɕ | |||
| aspirated | tsʰ | tɕʰ | ||||
| voiced | dz | dʑ | ||||
| Fricative | s | ɕ | h | |||
| Approximant | w | ɹ | j | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
- /ɨ/ may also be heard as [ɯ].
- /a/ may also be heard as [ʌ] before /k/.
References
edit- ^ Digaro Mishmi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Evans, Jonathan P.; Manyu, Johakso (2021). "The sounds of Tawrã (Digaru-Mishmi), a Tibeto-Burman language". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 44 (1): 1–26.
- Jiang Huo [江获], Li Daqin [李大勤], Sun Hongkai [孙宏开]. 2013. A study of Taraon [达让语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. ISBN 9787105129324
Further reading
edit- Blench, Roger. 2017. A dictionary of Tawrã, a language of Arunachal Pradesh.
- Evans, Jonathan P.; Manyu, Johakso (2021). "The sounds of Tawrã (Digaru-Mishmi), a Tibeto-Burman language". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 44 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1075/ltba.20013.eva. ISSN 0731-3500.
- Chakravarty, L. N. (1963). A Dictionary of the Taraon Language. NEFA.
- Pulu, Jatan (1991). A Phrase Book on Taraon Language. Arunachal Pradesh government.
- Sastry, Garimella and Devi Prasada (1984). Mishmi Grammar. CIIL.
- Sastry, Garimella and Devi Prasada (1991). Mishmi-English-Hindi Dictionary. CIIL.
- Zong, Xiaozhe 宗晓哲 (2019). Xizang Chayu Darang yu 西藏察隅达让语. Beijing: The Commercial Press. OCLC 1156796336.