"Hush, Little Baby" is a traditional lullaby, thought to have been written in the Southern United States. The lyrics are from the point of view of a parent trying to appease an upset child by promising to give them a gift. Sensing the child's apprehension, the parent has planned a series of contingencies in case their gifts don't work out. The simple structure allows more verses to be added ad lib. It has a Roud number of 470.[1][2]
History and traditional versions
editLike most folk songs, the author and date of origin are unclear. The English folklorist Cecil Sharp collected and notated a version from Endicott, Franklin County, Virginia in 1918,[3] and another version sung by a Julie Boone of Micaville, North Carolina, with a complete version of the lyrics.[4][5] A version recorded on a phonograph cylinder around 1929–35 in Durham, North Carolina by James Madison Carpenter can be heard online via the Vaughan Williams Memorial Library website.[6]
Alan Lomax recorded several varying traditional renditions of the song in the southern United States in the 1930s and 40s,[7][1] including from the traditional singer Texas Gladden.[8] All of these versions differ melodically and lyrically, to varying degrees, from the now popular version.
One of the versions recorded by Lomax was that of the influential Appalachian musician Jean Ritchie, who performed a version in 1949 that had been passed down in her family.[2][9]
The Ritchie family version is identical to the versions which would later become famous. Due to the melodic and lyrical diversity of other traditional recordings and the fact that Ritchie shared a stage with and directly influenced artists who would later record the song such as The Weavers[10] and Joan Baez,[11] it is likely that the popular version of the song descends from Jean Ritchie's Kentucky family.[citation needed]
Popular versions
editThe song has been performed and recorded by many artists including Joan Baez, Burl Ives, Regina Spektor, Nina Simone, The Weavers and the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Additionally, the song has been adapted into pop songs such as Maurice King's "Hambone", Inez and Charlie Foxx's "Mockingbird" and Bo Diddley's eponymous song "Bo Diddley", as well as Bobby McFerrin and Yo-Yo Ma's "Hush Little Baby" and Eminem's "Mockingbird".
Aretha Franklin, Carly Simon, James Taylor, Etta James, Taj Mahal and Dusty Springfield have each recorded "Mockingbird", which is an R&B variant of the song.
Lyrics
editThe most common version of the lyrics are:
Hush, little baby, don't say a word,
Mama's gonna buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird don't sing,
Mama's gonna buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns brass,
Mama's gonna buy you a looking glass.
If that looking glass gets broke,
Mama's gonna buy you a billy-goat.
If that billy-goat don't pull,
Mama's gonna buy you a cart and bull.
If that cart and bull turn over,
Mama's gonna buy you a dog named Rover.
If that dog named Rover don't bark,
Mama's gonna buy you a horse and cart.
If that horse and cart fall down,
You'll still be the sweetest little baby in town.
There are many different versions of the song. It has a simple structure consisting of a series of rhyming couplets, where a gift is given to the little baby. In the next couplet, the gift is found faulty in some way, and a new gift is presented. The song continues in this pattern as long as the singer likes; and can come up with new gifts that fit the rhyming pattern. An example of some common couplets used in the transcript of the Target commercial "Strawberry Shortcake" (2004):
(Strawberry Shortcake) Hush, Apple Dumpling, don't say a word,
Sister's gonna buy you a Mockingbird.
And if that mockingbird don't sing,
Sister's gonna buy you a diamond ring.
(She Cries)
And if that diamond ring turns brass...
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Hush Little Baby (Roud Folksong Index S300927)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ a b "Hush Little Baby (Roud Folksong Index S341770)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "The Mocking Bird (Cecil Sharp Manuscript Collection (at Clare College, Cambridge) CJS2/10/4501)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "The Mocking Bird (Cecil Sharp Manuscript Collection (at Clare College, Cambridge) CJS2/9/3315)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "The Mocking Bird (Nursery Song) (Cecil Sharp Manuscript Collection (at Clare College, Cambridge) CJS2/10/4775)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "Mama, Mama, Have You Heard? (VWML Song Index SN18174)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "Hush My Baby Don't You Cry (Roud Folksong Index S238332)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "Hush Baby Don't You Cry (Roud Folksong Index S238323)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "Commentary by Jean Ritchie on Dance To Your Daddy / Hush Little Baby | Lomax Digital Archive". archive.culturalequity.org. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
- ^ Thompson, Richard (2015-07-03). "Jean Ritchie remembered". Bluegrass Today. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
- ^ "Jean Ritchie". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2020-11-22.