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House of La Rochefoucauld

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The title of Duke de La Rochefoucauld is a French peerage, from the great House La Rochefoucauld, cadets of an ancient House of Lusignan, whose origins go back to Lord Rochefoucauld in Charente in the 10th century with Foucauld 1st (973–1047), first Lord of La Roche then La Rochefoucauld, possibly son of Adémar, Lord of La Roche (952–1037). They got the title of Baron in the 13th century, then became Count in 1528 with François I de La Rochefoucauld, godfather of King François I and in 1622, François V de La Rochefoucauld, whose son François VI was a leading figure of La Fronde and the author of the Maxims, was made Duke by Louis XIII. They are also, since 16th century, Prince of Marcillac. Then they become during the 18th century: Duke of Liancourt (François XII, eminent philanthropist, saying to Louis XVI: “Sir, it’s not a revolt, it’s a revolution”), Duke of Enville and Duke of Estissac. Afterwards: Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel, Duke of Doudeauville, Duke of Estrées and Duke of Bisaccia. They are also: Marquises of Montendre, of Barbezieux, of Surgères and Bayers; also Count de Duretal, Count de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel and Baron de Verteuil. They were: Blessed of the Catholic Church (the two brothers bishops massacred together at the French Revolution: Pierre-Louis and François-Joseph de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers), cardinals (François, Dominique, …), bishops, grand maîtres de la garde-robe and Grand Huntsman of France, chambellans, ministers, lieutenants general of the armies, UK field marshal, Denmark marshal, ambassadors, grand hospitaller of the Order of Malta, presidents and founders of multiple clubs (jockey club, polo, …). Many of them were elevated in the Order of the Légion d'Honneur and around 40 of them were/are members of the Sovereign Order of Malta (including 10 nowadays). The castle of La Rochefoucauld has been in the family since the 10th century. The La Rochefoucauld-Montbel owned the Lascaux caves at the moment of their discovery and are closely linked to the Pellevoisin sanctuary (holy Mary apparitions) in France.

Achievement of arms of the Dukes de La Rochefoucauld

Origins of the name

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Authors have advanced, but without evidence, that the first member of this family, Adémar, known as Amaury or Esmerin, by Viscounty of Limoges, or the son of the lord Hugh I of Lusignan. This latter hypothesis could be reinforced by the armorial bearings of the family. The work of André Debord leaves it to the house of Montbron in the 12th century.[1]

The seigniory (lordship) of La Roche was originally a barony in the 13th century. The descendants of Foucauld I de La Roche and of Jarsande, united their name Foucauld.[2]

Lords then Barons of La Rochefoucauld (10th–15th centuries)

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1st House of La Rochefoucauld: Lords of La Roche

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  • Adémar de La Roche, (952–1037).
  • Foucauld I de La Roche (978–1047) (son of preceding), Lord of La Rochefoucauld; married to Jarsande and had four children.
  • Guy I de La Roche (son of preceding), Lord of La Rochefoucauld, founded in 1060 the priory of Saint-Florent de La Rochefoucauld.
  • Guy II de La Roche (d. 1081) (son of preceding), Lord of La Rochefoucauld; married Eve and had three children.
  • Guy III de La Roche (d. 1120) (son of preceding), Lord of La Rochefoucauld.
  • Aymar de La Roche (d. 1140) (son of preceding), Lord of La Rochefoucauld and of Verteuil, led several wars against Wulgrin II, Count of Angoulême; married to Mathilde de Chabanais and had a daughter, Emma de La Rochefoucauld, who married Robert de Marthon, Lord of Marthon.

2nd House of La Rochefoucauld: Lords of Marthon

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  • Robert de Marthon, Lord of Marthon; married Emma de La Rochefoucauld (1140-1160) (daughter and heiress of Aymar de La Roche, Lord of La Rochefoucauld).
  • Guy IV de La Rochefoucauld (son of preceding), took his mother's name and became Lord of La Rochefoucauld, Verteuil, Marthon, Blanzac. He took part in the wars against William, Count of Angoulême; married the daughter of Aimery, Viscount of Rochechouart, and had two children.
  • Foucauld II de La Rochefoucauld (son of preceding), Lord of La Rochefoucauld, Verteuil, Blanzac, Marthon, he served in the army of the King Philip II Augustus and was made prisoner in 1198 at the Battle of Gisors. He was father of four children.
  • Guy V de La Rochefoucauld (son of preceding), founded the Cordeliers Convent d'Angoulême in 1230.
  • Aimery I de La Rochefoucauld (brother of preceding and son of Foucauld II), Lord of La Rochefoucauld in 1219, and of Verteuil, Count of la Marche (d. after 1250); married Létice de Parthenay and had five children.
  • Guy VI de La Rochefoucauld (son of preceding), Lord of La Rochefoucauld, of Verteuil, of Marthon, of Saint Claud, of Saint Laurent, of Blanzac and of Cellefrouin (d. 1295), rallied to the cause of Hugues VII of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, against King Louis IX, retired to Grosbos Abbey; married Agnès de Rochechouart and had nine children.
  • Aimery II de La Rochefoucauld (son of preceding), Baron of La Rochefoucauld, Lord of Verteuil, of Marthon, of Saint Claud, of Saint Laurent, of Blanzac, of Monteil and of Cellefrouin (c. 1265–1295); married Dauphine de La Tour-d'Auvergne in 1280, and had five children.
  • Guy VII de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1356) (son of preceding), Baron of La Rochefoucauld, served King Philip V against the County of Flanders from 1317 to 1318, was excommunicated by Bishop Aiguelin de Blaye, was founder of the Couvent des Carmes de La Rochefoucauld in 1329, was killed next to the King Jean II of France at the Battle of Poitiers; married Agnès de Culant in 1309 and had nine children.
  • Aimery III de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1362) (son of preceding), Baron of La Rochefoucauld (d. 1362), who served King Philippe VI in 1338; married Rogette de Grailly.
  • Guy VIII de La Rochefoucauld (son of preceding), Baron of La Rochefoucauld, governor of l'Angoumois, Councillor and Grand Chamberlain of France of Kings Charles V, Charles VI and of Philip II of Burgundy, he acquired the lands of Marcillac and Montignac; married (1) Jeanne de Luxembourg, and (2) Marguerite de Craon and had eight children.
  • Foucauld III de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1467) (son of preceding), Baron of La Rochefoucauld, Councillor, chamberlain of King Charles VII, participated in the Siege of Fronsac, rescued King Charles VII at the battle of Castillon (which marked the end of the Hundred Years War); married Jeanne de Rochechouart.
  • Jean I de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1471) (son of preceding), Baron of La Rochefoucauld, Marthon, Blanzac, Bayers, Montignac, Marcillac, Councillor and Grand Chamberlain of France for Kings Louis XI and Charles VIII, and governor of Bayonne; married his cousin Marguerite de La Rochefoucauld, Lady of Barbezieux and Montendre.[2]

Counts of La Rochefoucauld (and Princes of Marcillac) (16th century)

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In April 1528, King Francis I gave his godfather, François I de La Rochefoucauld (son of Jean I de La Rochefoucauld), the title of Count of La Rochefoucauld (French: Comte de La Rochefoucauld).[2]

Dukes of La Rochefoucauld (17th–21st centuries)

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The Duchesse de la Rochefoucauld (née Mattie Elizabeth Mitchell)
 
François VI de La Rochefoucauld

Elder branch

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On 22 April 1622, King Louis XIII raised the Count of La Rochefoucauld into a Duchy-peerage as the Duke of La Rochefoucauld (French: Duc de La Rochefoucauld).[2]

Roye branch

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This branch was founded by Charles de La Rochefoucauld, known as de Roye (d. 1605), younger son of François III de La Rochefoucauld, Count of La Rochefoucauld, and Charlotte de Roye, Countess of Roucy.[1]

Dukes of Enville (1732), then Duke of La Rochefoucauld (1762)

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  • Jean-Baptiste Louis Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld de Roye (1707–1746), Marquis of Roucy, created Duke of Enville[c] upon his 1732 marriage to his cousin, Marie-Louise-Nicole de La Rochefoucauld (1716–1797), eldest daughter of Alexandre, the last Duke of La Rochfoucauld. As Alexandre had no surviving male heir, by letters patent of Louis XV, the title Duke of La Rochefoucauld was transmitted to the male issue of Marie-Louise-Elisabeth on the condition that she married a member of the La Rochefoucauld family.[1]
  • Louis-Alexandre de La Rochefoucauld (son of preceding) (1743–1792), 6th Duke of La Rochefoucauld upon the death of his maternal grandfather in 1762 and 2nd Duke of Enville upon the death of his father in 1746. He was known as Duke of La Rochefoucauld-Enville. Member of the Académie des sciences, member of the Assembly of notables in 1787, deputy of the nobility at the French States-General of 1789. He was assassinated during the September massacres in Gisors; married (1) Pauline de Gand de Mérode in 1762, (2) Alexandrine Charlotte de Rohan-Chabot in 1780. As he died without heir, the title passed to his first cousin.[1]

Dukes of Estissac (1737), Dukes of Liancourt (1765), then Dukes of La Rochefoucauld (1792)

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Le Duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
  • Louis François Armand de La Rochefoucauld (1695–1783) of the younger branch of Roye, created Duke of Estissac upon his 1737 marriage to his cousin, Marie-Elisabeth de La Rochefoucauld (b. 1718), youngest daughter of Alexandre, the last Duke of La Rochfoucauld.[2]
  • François XII de La Rochefoucauld (1747–1827) (son of preceding), 7th Duke of La Rochefoucauld, created 1st Duke of Liancourt in 1765 and inherited the Duke of La Rochefoucauld title from his cousin in 1792;[d] married Félicité-Sophie de Lannion in 1764.[2]
  • François XIII de La Rochefoucauld (1765–1848) (son of preceding), 8th Duke of La Rochefoucauld, Duke of Estissac, then Duke of Liancourt (in 1828, he was authorized to substitute the title of Duke of Liancourt for that of Duke of Estissac and gave his brother Alexandre, the title of Duke of Estissac, who thus founded the Estissac branch);[e] married to Marie-Françoise de Tott in 1793.[2]
  • François XIV de La Rochefoucauld (1794–1874) (son of preceding), 9th Duke of La Rochefoucauld; married to Zénaide Chapt de Rastignac 1817.[f][2]
  • François XV de La Rochefoucauld (1818–1879) (son of preceding), 10th Duke of La Rochefoucauld; married to Radegonde-Euphrasie Bouvery in 1852.[2]
  • François XVI de La Rochefoucauld (1853–1925) (son of preceding), 11th Duke of La Rochefoucauld; married to Mattie-Elizabeth Mitchell (daughter of U.S. Senator John H. Mitchell) in 1892.[3][4][g]
  • Gabriel-Alfred de La Rochefoucauld (1854–1926) (brother of preceding), 12th Duke of La Rochefoucauld, the ducal title was transferred to him; married to Pauline Piscatory de Vaufreland in 1884.
  • Jean de La Rochefoucauld (1887–1970) (son of preceding), 13th Duke of La Rochefoucauld, 8th Duke of Liancourt, Prince of Marcillac, Duke of Enville; married to Edmée Frish de Fels in 1917.
  • François XVIII de La Rochefoucauld (1920–2011) (son of preceding), 14th Duke of La Rochefoucauld, 9th Duke of Liancourt, Duke of Enville; married (1) to Jeannine Renée Petit in 1946 (divorced in 1948), (2) to Sonia Marie Matossian in 1950 (divorced in 1961), and (3) to Jeanne-Marie de Villiers du Terrage in 1967.
  • François XIX de La Rochefoucauld (b. 1958) (son of preceding), 15th Duke of La Rochefoucauld, 10th Duke of Liancourt, Duke of Enville, Prince of Marcillac; married to Michèle Suzanne Etter in 1984.
  • François de La Rochefoucauld (b. 1986) (son of preceding), 11th Duke of Liancourt, Prince of Marcillac, heir to the ducal title.[6][better source needed]

Dukes of Estissac (since 1839)

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This branch comes from the younger branch of the Counts of Roye. Louis François Armand de la Rochefoucauld Count of Roye was created Duke with a patent (non-hereditary) in 1737 and called Duke of Estissac. His grandson, Alexandre François de la Rochefoucauld (1761–1841), Count of the Empire, Ambassador for the Emperor, and brother of the Duke of La Rochefoucauld (of the Restoration) received the Duchy of Estissac from his elder brother in May 1839. His son, Alexandre Jules de La Rochefoucauld (1796–1856), was authorized by royal decree of 2 July 1840 to take the title of Duke of Estissac, however, this order was not followed by letters patent.

  • Alexandre Jules de La Rochefoucauld (1796–1856), Duke of Estissac in 1840. Officer of the Legion of Honour; married in 1822 to Hélène-Charlotte Dessolle (daughter of Jean Joseph Dessolles, 1st Marquis Dessolles).
  • Roger Paul Alexandre Louis de La Rochefoucauld (1826–1889) (son of preceding), Duke of Estissac; married to Juliette de Ségur in 1858.
  • Alexandre Jules Paul Philippe François de La Rochefoucauld (1854–1930) (son of preceding), Duke of Estissac; married to Jeanne de Rochechouart-Mortemart in 1883.
  • Louis François Alexandre de La Rochefoucauld (1885–1950) (son of preceding), Duke of Estissac; married to Nathalie de Clermont-Tonnerre in 1911.
  • Alexandre Louis Marie François de La Rochefoucauld (1917-2008) (son of preceding), Duke of Estissac, President of the Jockey Club; married to Antoinette de Moustier in 1943.
  • Pierre-Louis de La Rochefoucauld (b. 1947) (son of preceding), Duke of Estissac; married to Sabine de La Rochefoucauld in 1980.

Bernard de La Rochefoucauld (1922–2017), co-founder of the La Boétie Institute, former honorary president of the Institut Montaigne and former mayor of Ingrannes comes from this branch.

Dukes of Roche-Guyon (1679–1762)

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François VIII de La Rochefoucauld (1663–1728) was created Duke of La Roche-Guyon by letters of November 1679. The 1st Duchy-peerage of La Rochefoucauld and, the title of Duke of La Roche-Guyon, died out in 1762 with Alexandre, 5th Duke of La Rochefoucauld and 2nd Duke of La Roche-Guyon, who had only two daughters who married their cousins ​​from the branch of the Counts of Roye and Roucy.

Dukes of La Roche-Guyon (courtesy title) (19th–21st centuries)

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Alfred de La Rochefoucauld (1819–1883), a cadet branch from the cadet branch of Roye, took over motu proprio in the 19th century, without letters of confirmation, the title of Duke of La Roche-Guyon which had extinguished in 1762. This courtesy title of "Duke of La Roche-Guyon" has been borne by his descendants ever since.

  • Alfred de La Rochefoucauld (1819–1883), known as the "Duke of La Roche-Guyon"; married to Isabelle Nivière in 1851 (1833-1911), writer and poet, author of many poems published by Alphonse Lemerre, from 1877 until her death. Their second son is the painter Antoine de La Rochefoucauld.
  • Pierre de La Rochefoucauld (1853–1930) (son of preceding), known as "Duke of La Roche-Guyon"; married to Gildippe Odoard du Hazey de Versainville in 1888. Their third son, Bernard (1901-1944), was a member of the French Resistance in Falaise and died in the Flossenbürg concentration camp in 1944.
  • Gilbert de La Rochefoucauld (1889–1964) (son of preceding), known as "Duke of La Roche-Guyon"; married (1) to Princess Hélène de La Trémoille in 1899 (divorced and annulled in 1927), (2) to Marie-Louise Lerche in 1927.
  • Alfred de La Rochefoucauld (1928–2013) (son of preceding), known as "Duke of La Roche-Guyon"; married to Lydie Jacobé de Haut de Sigy.
  • Guy-Antoine de La Rochefoucauld (b. 1958) (son of preceding), known as "Duke of La Roche-Guyon"; married to Yolaine Françoise Marie Leclerc de Hauteclocque.

Count Bernard de La Rochefoucauld, the director Jean-Dominique de La Rochefoucauld (1931–2011) and his daughters Sophie (b. 1965) and Claire (b. 1972) come from this branch.

Marquises of Montendre and Surgères

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These branches were formed by Louis de La Rochefoucauld, Lord of Montendre, Montguyon, Roissac and des Salles, who was a younger son of François I de La Rochefoucauld, comte de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1541), by his second marriage Barbe du Bois. He married Jacquette de Mortemer in 1534. His son was François de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1600), Lord of Montguyon, Baron of Montendre, who married Hélène de Goulard (only daughter and heiress of Egmond Goulard, Lord of Marsay). His son, Isaac de La Rochefoucauld (d. c. 1626), Lord of Montguyon, Baron of Montendre, married Hélène de Fonsèque (daughter of Charles de Fonsèque, Lord of Surgères) in 1600. Among others, they were the parents of Charles, progenitor of the Montendre branch and François, progenitor of the Surgères branch.

Marquis of Montendre

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Mary Anne von Spanheim, wife of de François de La Rochefoucauld, Marquis de Montandre, by Michael Dahl, c. 1720
  1. Charles de La Rochefoucauld, 1st Marquis of Montendre (son of Isaac); married to Renée Thévin in 1633.
    1. Charles-Louis de La Rochefoucauld, 2nd Marquis of Montendre; married to Anne de Pithou (daughter of Pierre de Pithou, Lord of Luyere).
      1. Isaac Charles de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1702), Count of Montendre, fought in the Siege of Mainz, the Battle of Fleurus, the Siege of Mons, the Siege of Barcelona, the Battle of Cremona (where he was wounded), and the Battle of Luzzara (where he was killed); no issue.
      2. François de La Rochefoucauld (1672–1739), 3rd Marquis of Montendre; married to Marie-Anne von Spanheim (daughter of Baron Ezéchiel von Spanheim, Prussian Ambassador to England), no issue.
      3. Louis de La Rochefoucauld (d. 1742), 4th Marquis of Montendre; married to Suzanne d'Argouges in 1710, no issue.

Marquis of Surgères

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  1. François de La Rochefoucauld (c. 1620–c. 1680), 1st Marquis of Surgères; married to Anne de Philippier
    1. Charles-François de La Rochefoucauld (c. 1643–c. 1714), 2nd Marquis of Surgères; married to Anne de La Rochefoucauld (daughter of Benjamin de La Rochefoucauld, Baron of Estissac) in 1662.
      1. François de La Rochefoucauld (1664–1731), 3rd Marquis of Surgères; married to Angélique Lee (widow of François Lucas de Démuin) in 1704.
        1. Alexandre-Nicolas de La Rochefoucauld (1709–1760), 4th Marquis of Surgères, Lieutenant General of the King's Armies; married to Jeanne-Thérèse Fleuriau de Morville (daughter of Charles-Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau de Morville) in 1728.
          1. Jean-François de La Rochefoucauld (1735–1789), 5th Marquis of Surgères, governor of Chartres; married to Anne Chauvelin de Grosbois, daughter of Germain Louis Chauvelin, Marquis of Grosbois) in 1752.

Dukes of Doudeaville (1782–1995), of Bisaccia (1851–1995), and of Estrées (1892–1907)

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Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld, by Pierre-Louis Delaval, 1827
 
Sosthènes I de La Rochefoucauld, by François Joseph Heim
 
Sosthènes II de La Rochefoucauld, by Léon Bonnat, 1899

The title Duke of Doudeauville (Duc de Doudeauville) was created for Ambroise-Polycarpe, 6th Marquis of Surgères (premier Baron of the Boulonnais), in 1780 by King Louis XVI in the Peerage of France. It was also created in 1782 by Charles III in the Kingdom of Spain (through his wife as heir to the title of Duke of Doudeauville of the Le Tellier de Courtanvaux family), granting him the Rank of Grandee of Spain, 1st Class. The title was recognized by the peerage ordinance of 4 June 1814; a Hereditary peer of France on 19 August 1815, Hereditary Duke-Peer on 31 August 1817 by King Louis XVIII during his 2nd reign.[7] The title became extinct in 1995 upon the death of the 7th Duke. The Duke of Bisaccia (Duca di Bisaccia) title was created for Sosthènes II on 16 May 1851 by King Ferdinand II in the peerage of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (second creation; through his grandmother's family, the Montmorency-Lavals). Inscription among the Bavarian nobility as Princes under the title Duke of Bisaccia (Herzog von Bisaccia), on 24 November 1855 by King Maximilian II.[7] It also became extinct in 1995. The designation of the title of Duke of Doudeauville was changed to Duke of Estrées in Spain in 1893 by King Alfonso XIII when it was transferred to Sosthènes II's second son, Charles, but became extinct upon the Duke's death, without male issue, in 1907.[7]

  1. Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld (1765–1841) (son of 5th Marquis of Surgères), 1st Duke of Doudeauville, 6th Marquis of Surgères, Grandee of Spain (under the title Duke of Doudeauville); married to Bénigne le Tellier de Louvois (founder of the Religieuses de Nazareth [fr] in 1822).
    1. Sosthènes I de La Rochefoucauld (1785–1864), 2nd Duke of Doudeauville; married to Élisabeth de Montmorency-Laval (a daughter of Minister of Foreign Affairs Duke Mathieu de Montmorency).
      1. Stanislas de La Rochefoucauld (1822–1887), 3rd Duke of Doudeauville; married to Marie de Colbert-Chabanais.
      2. Sosthènes II de La Rochefoucauld (1825–1908), 4th Duke of Doudeauville, 1st Duke of Bisaccia; married to Princess Yolande of Polignac (daughter of Prime Minister Prince Jules de Polignac).
        1. Charles Marie François de La Rochefoucauld (1863–1907), Duke of Estrées (took the Spanish title, not recognized in France, by transfer); married to Princess Charlotte of La Trémoïlle (daughter of Prince Louis Charles de La Trémoille).
        2. Armand François Jules Marie de La Rochefoucauld (1870–1963), 5th Duke of Doudeauville, President of the Jockey-Club de Paris and the Polo de Paris; married to Princess Marié Lise Radziwill.
          1. Sosthènes III de La Rochefoucauld (1897–1970), 6th Duke of Doudeauville; married to Countess Leonor de Saavedra of Torrehermosa.
          2. Armand Charles François Marie de La Rochefoucauld (1902–1995), 7th Duke of Doudeauville; married to Esther Millicent Clarke and had a natural son with Clémentine Elisabeth Brandt.
            1. Armand Sosthènes de La Rochefoucauld (b. 1944); married to Geneviève Rose Blanche Fourny.
        3. Édouard François Marie de La Rochefoucauld (1874–1968), 2nd Duke of Bisaccia; married to Camille de Colbert-Chabanais.
          1. Marie-Carmen de La Rochefoucauld (1902–1999); married to Count of Mailly-Nesles in 1928.
          2. Stanislas de La Rochefoucauld (1903–1965), Count; married to (1) Sophie Alice Cocea in 1926, and (2) to Princess Jeanne Princess of San Felice de Viggiano in 1947.
          3. Élisabeth de La Rochefoucauld (1909–2006); married (1) to Elliot Robert Le Gras du Luart de Montsaulnin in 1929, and (2) to Mario Fausto Maria Pinci in 1958.

Marquis of Bayers; Baron of La Rochefoucauld-Bayers (1817)

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Jean de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers (1757–1834), Baron of La Rochefoucauld-Bayers

This branch was originated by Geoffroy de La Rochefoucauld, Lord of Verteuil (d. c. 1329) from whom descended Guillaume de La Rochefoucauld, Lord of Nouans (d. c. 1487).[7] One of his sons, Guillaume de La Rochefoucauld (d. c. 1512) founded the branch by Bayers building the Château de Bayers becoming Lord of Bayers (Seigneur de Bayers). His descendant, Louis-Antoine de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers, obtained the title, Marquis of Bayers.[8]

The male line of this branch became extinct in 1940 upon the death of Raoul-Gustave de La Rochefoucauld, Marquis of Bayers (1845–1940), who died without issue from his marriage to Elisabeth de Griffon-Sénéjac. The female line ended with Victoria de La Rochefoucauld-Bayers (1880-1950), the daughter of a cousin of Raoul-Gustave, who died unmarried in 1950.[8]

Armorial

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Figure Name and blazon
 

 

House of Rochefoucauld

Barruly argent and azure, overall three chevrons gules, the uppermost écimé.[9][10][better source needed]

(Sometimes represented with the upper chevron extending beyond the shield, its tip cut off by the edge.)

These arms can be seen as those of Lusignan (barruly argent and azure) with the addition of the chevrons as a brisure. For this reason certain authors have claimed that the house of Rochefoucauld had a common origin with that of Lusignan.[11]

  Charles de La Rochefoucauld (1520–1582),[12] Seigneur de Barbezieux, de Linières, de Meillant et de Preuilly, Chevalier du Saint-Esprit (reçu le 31 décembre 1578)

Quarterly: 1 and 4 as above; 2 and 3, Or an escutcheon azure.[10]

  François XII de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt (1747–1827), duc de Liancourt, then duc de La Rochefoucauld, politician, scientist and philanthropist. Quarterly: 1 and 4, Gules a bend argent (de Roye); 2, Or a lion azure, armed and langued gules. Over all the arms of Rochefoucauld as above.[13][better source needed]

See also

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References

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Notes
  1. ^ His eldest son, François IX de La Rochefoucauld (1681–1699), predeceased him and was succeeded by his younger son, Alexandre.
  2. ^ They had two sons, François X de La Rochefoucauld (1717–1718) and François XI de La Rochefoucauld (1720–1721), who both died young. They also had two daughters, Marie-Louise-Nicole de La Rochefoucauld (1716–1797), known as "Mademoiselle de La Rochefoucauld," and Marie-Elisabeth de La Rochefoucauld (b. 1718), known as "Mademoiselle de La Roche-Guyon," who both married their cousins ​​from the younger branch of Roye.
  3. ^ Also known as Duke of Anville (French: Duc d'Anville)
  4. ^ François Alexandre Frédéric was the one who, on 12 July 1789, responded to Louis XVI who asked "It is a revolt?": "No, Sire, it's a Revolution". He was in the liberal opposition party during the Bourbon Restoration.
  5. ^ His brother was Alexandre, comte de La Rochefoucauld (1767–1841), married Adélaïde de Pyvart de Chastullé, a San Domingo heiress allied to the Beauharnais family. Mme de La Rochefoucauld became dame d'honneur to the empress Josephine, and their eldest daughter married Francesco Borghese [fr], a brother-in-law of Pauline Bonaparte, Princess Borghese. La Rochefoucauld became ambassador successively to Vienna (1805) and to The Hague (1808–1810), where he negotiated the union of the Kingdom of Holland with France. During the "Hundred Days" he was made a peer of France. He subsequently devoted himself to philanthropic work, and in 1822 became deputy to the Chamber of Deputies and sat with the constitutional royalists. He was again raised to the peerage in 1831. His descendants became Dukes of Estissac and Princes of La Rochefoucauld-Montbel. The duke second brother was Frédéric Gaëtan, marquis de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, (1779–1863).
  6. ^ Alfred de La Rochefoucauld, Duke of La Roche-Guyon, second son of François XIV de La Rochefoucauld and Zénaide Chapt de Rastignac is the start of the cadet branch of the family La Rochefoucauld–La Roche-Guyon.
  7. ^ Their son, François XVII Marie-Alfred de La Rochefoucauld (1905–1909), died young and was interred in the chapel of château.[5]
Sources
  1. ^ a b c d Saint-Simon, F. de; Seréville, E. de (1977). Dictionnaire de la noblesse française: supplément (in French). Paris: Éditions Contrepoint. p. 35. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France: des pairs, grands officiers de la couronne, chevaliers, commandeurs et officiers de l'ordre du Saint-Esprit (in French). Didot. 1868. pp. 387–430. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  3. ^ "MISS MITCHELL'S WEDDING.; THE CIVIL MARRIAGE TO THE DUKE DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD". The New York Times. 11 February 1892. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  4. ^ "AMERICAN DUCHESS DIES.; Widow of Due de la Rochefoucauld Was Former Mattie Mitchell". The New York Times. 21 February 1933. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  5. ^ "SON OF DUCHESS DEAD.; Mother Is a Daughter of the Late Senator Mitchell". The New York Times. 12 March 1909. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  6. ^ Elward, Ronald (15 February 2010). "The Heirs of Europe".
  7. ^ a b c d The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe. Harrison & Sons. 1914. pp. 311, 349–350, 589–590. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  8. ^ a b Pattou, Etienne (2004). "Maison de La Rochefoucauld" (PDF). racineshistoire.free.fr. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  9. ^ Malte-Brun, Victor Adolphe (1883). La France illustrée. [publisher need]. p. [page needed].
  10. ^ a b "Armorial de J.B. RIETSTAP – et ses Compléments". Archived from the original on 9 January 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2009.
  11. ^ Potter, David, ed. (2004). Foreign Intelligence And Information in Elizabethan England: Two English Treatises on the State of France, 1580–1584. Camden Fifth Series. Vol. 25. Cambridge University Press. p. 95 (footnote 251). ISBN 978-0-521-84724-7.
  12. ^ Potter 2004, p. 95 (footnote 251).
  13. ^ Bunel, Arnaud (2011). "Duché de La Rochefoucauld". Retrieved 1 April 2012.
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