Hong Kong Island (1998 constituency)

The Hong Kong Island geographical constituency was one of the five geographical constituencies in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, it elected six members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation. The constituency covered all the four districts on the Hong Kong Island, namely, Central and Western, Eastern, Southern and Wan Chai. In 2020, it had 707,277 registered voters.

Hong Kong Island
Former Geographical constituency
for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Outline map
Boundary of Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong
DistrictCentral and Western District
Wan Chai District
Eastern District
Southern District
RegionHong Kong Island
Population1,232,700 (2020)[1]
Electorate707,277 (2020)[2]
Former constituency
Created1998
Abolished2021
Number of membersFour (1998–2000)
Five (2000–2004)
Six (2004–2012)
Seven (2012–2016)
Six (2016–2021)
Created fromHong Kong Island Central,
Hong Kong Island West (1995),
Hong Kong Island South,
Hong Kong Island East (1995)
Replaced byHong Kong Island West (2021),
Hong Kong Island East (2021)

History

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The single-constituency single-vote system was replaced by the party-list proportional representation system for the first SAR Legislative Council election designed by Beijing to reward the weaker pro-Beijing candidates and dilute the electoral strength of the majority pro-democrats.[3] Four seats were allocated to Hong Kong Island consisting the districts of Central and Western, Wan Chai, Eastern and Southern in 1998. The pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) managed to win a seat with nearly 30 per cent of the total votes as a result, while the rest were taken by the pro-democrats.

In the 2000 Legislative Council election, the DAB gained one more seat with Choy So-yuk who had a strong base in the Hokkien community in North Point when an extra seat was added to the constituency, while Cyd Ho who ran in the New Territories East replaced Christine Loh who retired. However, DAB candidate Cheng Kai-nam soon gave up his seat after the election due to corruption allegations.[4] The vacancy was taken up by pro-democracy nonpartisan barrister Audrey Eu in the 2000 Hong Kong Island by-election.

In the 2004 Legislative Council election, Legislative Council President Rita Fan ran in Hong Kong Island when the number of the seats in the constituency increased to six seats and the Election Committee constituency was abolished. The pro-democrats launched the "1+1=4" strategy, aiming at winning two seats with each of the two tickets. However, the last minute emergency call by Martin Lee proved to a miscalculation, with his Democratic Party ticket receiving more votes than he needed, at the expense of the Eu–Ho ticket where Cyd Ho narrowly defeated by DAB's Choy So-yuk with 815 votes, less than 0.5 per cent of the vote share[5]

DAB chairman Ma Lik's death in 2007 triggered the 2007 Hong Kong Island by-election, where the pro-democracy and pro-Beijing camps each fielded former senior government officials against each other. Former Chief Secretary for Administration Anson Chan won the crowded-fielded pro-democracy primary, while former Secretary for Security Regina Ip who was the face of the 2003 Basic Law Article 23 legislation was supported by the pro-Beijing parties. Receiving wide attention, Anson Chan eventually beat Regina Ip with 55–43 vote share.[6]

The 2008 Legislative Council election saw veteran Democrats Martin Lee and Yeung Sum both stepping down from their offices, and were succeeded by veteran District Councillor Kam Nai-wai. The Democrats' dominance was eclipsed by the newly established Civic Party with Audrey Eu and Tanya Chan ticket who topped the popular votes. Former DAB chairman Jasper Tsang also switched from Kowloon West to Hong Kong Island and was later on elected the Legislative Council President, succeeding retiring Rita Fan. Regina Ip who was defeated less than a year ago also won a seat, while Cyd Ho made a comeback by regaining a seat. Over the 2012 constitutional reform package, the Civic Party launched the "Five Constituencies Referendum" and which each legislator of the five geographical constituencies resigned to trigger a de facto referendum on the reform proposal. Tanya Chan resigned from the office in January 2010 and re-elected in the May by-election with a low turnout due to the government and pro-Beijing boycott of the poll.[7]

The deal on the modified constitutional reform proposal struck by the moderate democrats and the Beijing authorities expanded the number of the geographical constituency seats from 30 to 35, where the seats in Hong Kong Island were increased to seven. To win an extra seat, the DAB launched an offensive strategy by splitting its ticket into two, led by Jasper Tsang and Christopher Cheung respectively. While its sister organisation Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU) also fielded its ticket for the first time, led by veteran legislator Wong Kwok-hing. Civic Party's strategy of fielding a ticket consisting of Chan Ka-lok and Tanya Chan, hoping to win two seats with one ticket with Tanya Chan boosting the vote as a second candidate eventually failed, which split the pro-democracy votes with the radical People Power and benefited Wong Kwok-hing, while former legislator Sin Chung-kai retained a seat for the Democrats. The pro-Beijing camp as a result gained the majority of the seats for the first time with four seats against pro-democrats' three.

The constituency was reduced to six seats in the 2016 Legislative Council election due to the reapportionment. The seats were even split between the pro-democracy and pro-Beijing camps. Localist camp Demosistō chairman Nathan Law which gained his fame in the 2014 Occupy protests was elected alongside Tanya Chan of the Civic Party and Hui Chi-fung of the Democratic Party. While veteran Regina Ip of the New People's Party was re-elected with newly elected DAB's Horace Cheung and FTU's Kwok Wai-keung. Nathan Law was later disqualified from the office in July 2017 over this oath-taking manner. The vacancy was narrowly won by former Democrat Au Nok-hin in the 2018 Hong Kong Island by-election after Demosistō's Agnes Chow was barred from running. Au was later unseated by the court in December 2019, as the court viewed Chow's disqualification was unlawful.[8]

Return members

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Below are all the members since the creation of the Hong Kong Island constituency. The number of seats allocated to Hong Kong Island has been increased from four to six between 1998 and 2016 due to the enlargement.

LegCo members for Hong Kong Island, 1998–2021
Term Election Member Member Member Member Member Member Member
1st 1998 Martin Lee
(DP)
Cheng Kai-nam
(DAB)
Yeung Sum
(DP)
Christine Loh
(CP)
2nd 2000 Cyd Ho
(TF)
Choy So-yuk
(DAB)
2000 (b) Audrey Eu
(IndA45CP)
3rd 2004 Ma Lik
(DAB)
Rita Fan
(Ind)
2007 (b) Anson Chan
(Ind)
4th 2008 Tanya Chan
(CP)
Kam Nai-wai
(DP)
Cyd Ho
(CAULab/CAU)
Jasper Tsang
(DAB)
Regina Ip
(IndNPP)
Vacant
2010 (b) Tanya Chan
(CP)
5th 2012 Chan Ka-lok
(CP)
Christopher Chung
(DAB)
Sin Chung-kai
(DP)
Wong Kwok-hing
(FTU)
6th 2016 Tanya Chan
(CPInd)
Horace Cheung
(DAB)
Hui Chi-fung
(DP)
Nathan Law
(Demosistō)
Kwok Wai-keung
(FTU)
Seat
abolished
2018 (b) Au Nok-hin
(Ind)
Vacant
Vacant
Vacant

Summary of seats won

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Term Election Distribution
1st 1998
3 1
2nd 2000
3 2
3rd 2004
3 3
4th 2008
4 2
5th 2012
3 4
6th 2016
3 3
1998 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
Democratic 2 2 2 1 1 1
DAB 1 2 2 1 2 1
Citizens 1
Frontier 1
Civic 2 1 1
Civic Act-up 1
Labour 1
NPP 1 1
FTU 1 1
Demosisto 1
Independent 2 1
Pro-democracy 3 3 3 4 3 3
Pro-Beijing 1 2 3 2 4 3
Seats 4 5 6 6 7 6

Vote share summary

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1998 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
Democratic 46.8 35.3 37.2 12.7 12.3 11.3
DAB 29.3 27.8 21.1 19.3 21.3 10.9
Citizens 12.8
Liberal 2.4 0.7 5.4
Frontier 10.0 10.4
New Forum 5.5
Civic 26.4 21.3 9.4
Civic Act-up 9.9
LSD 3.3 1.0
Labour 9.5 5.2
NPP 9.2 16.1
FTU 8.3 12.2
People Power 5.6 1.9
Demosisto 13.5
Civic Passion 6.0
Path of Democracy 2.6
Independent 8.7 21.4 31.3 27.9 6.2 10.8
Pro-democracy 59.5 49.1 59.6 60.1 49.8 48.1
Pro-Beijing 36.2 38.9 39.6 39.5 45.0 40.0

Election results

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The constituency was set up in 1998 election when the largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced, replacing four single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. 4, 5, 6, and 7 members were returned from this constituency in the 1998, 2000, 2004 and 2012 elections respectively. No change of boundary had been made throughout since 1998.

2010s

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2018 Hong Kong Island by-election[9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Au Nok-hin 137,181 50.70
NPP Judy Kapui Chan 127,634 47.17
Nonpartisan Edward Yum Liang-hsien 3,580 1.32
Nonpartisan Ng Dick-hay 2,202 0.81
Majority 9,547 3.53
Total valid votes 270,597 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,377
Turnout 272,974 43.80
Registered electors 623,273
Independent gain from Demosisto Swing
 
1 1 1 1 1 1

Vote share

  NPP (16.13%)
  Demosisto (13.49%)
  FTU (12.20%)
  Democratic (11.29%)
  DAB (10.93%)
  Civic (9.40%)
  Civic Passion (5.99%)
  Labour (5.15%)
  Path of Democracy (2.66%)
  People Power (1.93%)
  Other (10.83%)
2016 Legislative Council election: Hong Kong Island
List Candidates Votes Of total (%) ± from prev.
Quota 62,763 16.67
NPP Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee
Judy Chan Ka-pui, Joey Lee Man-lung, Marcus Tse Tsz-kei, Larry Hung Lung-chuen, Gigi Wong Ching-chi
60,760 16.13 +6.97
Demosisto Nathan Law Kwun-chung 50,818 13.49 N/A
FTU Kwok Wai-keung
Ng Chau-pei, Stanely Ho Ngai-kam, Lui Hung-pan, Chan Wing-yan
45,925 12.20 +3.94
Democratic Hui Chi-fung
Sin Chung-kai
42,499 11.29 –0.97
DAB Cheung Kwok-kwan
Christopher Chung Shu-kun, Jacqueline Chung Ka-man, Ada Mak Tse How-ling, Eddie Ting Kong-ho, Dominic Wong Chi-chung
41,152 10.93 –11.66
Civic Tanya Chan
Cheng Tat-hung
35,404 9.40 –11.91
Nonpartisan Ricky Wong Wai-kay 33,323 8.85 N/A
Civic Passion Cheng Kam-mun, Bonix Chung Yuen-wun 22,555 5.99 N/A
Labour Cyd Ho Sau-lan, Mak Tak-ching, Cheng Sze-lut 19,376 5.15 –4.38
PoD Gary Wong Chi-him 10,028 2.66 N/A
People Power Christopher Lau Gar-hung, Erica Yuen Mi-ming 7,276 1.93 –3.71
Nonpartisan Chim Pui-chung 2,587 0.69 N/A
Ind. democrat Paulus Johannes Zimmerman 2,550 0.68 N/A
Nonpartisan Shum Chee-chiu 1,654 0.44 N/A
Nonpartisan Chui Chi-kin 670 0.18 N/A
Total valid votes 376,577 100.00
Rejected ballots 4,753
Turnout 381,330 60.74 +5.61
Registered electors 627,804
 
1 1 1 1 2 1

Vote share

  Civic (21.31%)
  DAB (21.29%)
  Democratic (12.26%)
  Labour (9.53%)
  NPP (9.16%)
  FTU (8.26%)
  People Power (5.64%)
  Liberal (5.35%)
  LSD (0.96%)
  Other (6.24%)
2012 Legislative Council election: Hong Kong Island
List Candidates Votes Of total (%) ± from prev.
Quota 47,252 14.29
Civic Chan Ka-lok
Tanya Chan
70,475 21.31
(14.29+7.02)
−5.09
Democratic Sin Chung-kai
Yeung Sum, Chai Man-hon, Cheng Lai-king, Leung Suk-ching, Hui Chi-fung
40,558 12.26 −0.44
DAB Jasper Tsang Yok-sing 36,517 11.04 −8.26
DAB Christopher Chung Shu-kun
Eddie Ting Kong-ho, Jennifer Chow Kit-bing, Kung Pak-cheung, Ngan Chun-lim, Kenny Lee Kwun-yee, Cheng Chi-sing
33,901 10.25 N/A
Labour Cyd Ho Sau-lan
Cheng Sze-lut, Chung Chung-fai
31,523 9.53 −0.37
NPP Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee
Wong Chor-fung, Tse Tsz-kei
30,289 9.16 −10.34
FTU Wong Kwok-hing
Pan Pey-chyou, Chu Ting-lok, Stanley Ho Ngai-kam, Chan Chi-hang
27,336 8.26 N/A
People Power Christopher Lau Gar-hung, Shiu Yeuk-yuen, Jeff Au Yeung Ying-kit 18,667 5.64 N/A
Liberal Miriam Lau Kin-yee, Shiu Ka-fai, Lee Chun-keung 17,686 5.35 +4.65
Independent Lo Wing-lok 16,900 5.11 −1.39
LSD Avery Ng Man-yuen 3,169 0.96 −2.34
Nonpartisan Hui Ching-on 2,980 0.90 N/A
Independent Ng Wing-chun 422 0.13 N/A
Nonpartisan Ho Kar-tai 343 0.10 N/A
Total valid votes 330,766 100.00
Rejected ballots 3,666
Turnout 334,432 55.13 +9.12
Registered electors 606,678
2010 Hong Kong Island by-election[10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Civic Tanya Chan 103,564 94.97
Nonpartisan Tai Cheuk-yin 3,144 2.88
Tertiary 2012 Leung Wing-ho 2,715 2.49
Nonpartisan Lee Chun-hung 1,542 1.41
Nonpartisan Wong Hing 799 0.73
Majority 100,420 92.09
Total valid votes 111,764 100.00
Rejected ballots 3,409
Turnout 115,173 18.49
Registered electors 622,756
Civic hold Swing

2000s

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1 2 1 1 1

Vote share

  Civic (26.4%)
  DAB (19.3%)
  Democratic (12.7%)
  Civic Act-up (9.9%)
  LSD (3.3%)
  Liberal (0.7%)
  Other (27.7%)
2008 Legislative Council election: Hong Kong Island[11]
List Candidates Votes Of total (%) ± from prev.
Quota 52,238 16.67
Civic Tanya Chan, Audrey Eu Yuet-mee
Amy Yung Wing-sheung
82,600 26.35
(16.67+9.68)
N/A
Independent Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee
Louis Shih Tai-cho, Wong Kin-hing, Ronald Chan Ngok-pang
61,073 19.48
(16.67+2.82)
N/A
DAB Jasper Tsang Yok-sing
Choy So-yuk, Christopher Chung Shu-kun, Cheung Kwok-kwan, Chan Hok-fung, Kwok Wai-keung
60,417 19.28
(16.67+2.61)
−1.80
Democratic Kam Nai-wai
Yeung Sum, Tsui Yuen-wa
39,808 12.70 −24.52
Civic Act-up Cyd Ho Sau-lan 30,887 9.85 N/A
Independent Lo Wing-lok 20,523 6.55 N/A
LSD Tsang Kin-shing 10,202 3.25 +1.75
Ind. democrat Joseph Lai Chi-keong 3,955 1.26 N/A
Liberal Lam Chui-lin, Wong Kam-chuen, Ngan Choi-chik 2,166 0.69 N/A
Nonpartisan Myra Sophia Siu Man-wa 1,798 0.57 N/A
Total valid votes 313,429 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,441
Turnout 314,870 50.17 −7.45
Registered electors 627,657
2007 Hong Kong Island by-election[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Anson Chan Fang 175,874 54.84
Nonpartisan Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee 137,550 42.89
Nonpartisan Tandon Lai Chiang 3,518 1.10
Nonpartisan Ho Loy 1,593 0.50
Nonpartisan Ling Wai-wan 822 0.19
Nonpartisan Siu See-kong 613 0.19
Nonpartisan Lee Wing-kin 401 0.12
Nonpartisan Lau Yuk-shing 344 0.11
Majority 38,324 11.95
Total valid votes 320,715 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,223
Turnout 321,938 52.06
Registered electors 618,398
Nonpartisan gain from DAB Swing
 
2 2 2

Vote share

  Democratic (37.2%)
  DAB (21.1%)
  Other (41.7%)
2004 Legislative Council election: Hong Kong Island[13]
List Candidates Votes Of total (%) ± from prev.
Quota 59,016 16.67
Democratic Yeung Sum, Martin Lee Chu-ming
Joseph Lai Chi-keong
131,788 37.22
(16.67+16.67+3.88)
+1.91
DAB Ma Lik, Choy So-yuk
Christopher Chung Shu-kun, Yeung Wai-foon, Lee Yuen-kwong, Cheung Kwok-kwan
74,659 21.08
(16.67+4.42)
−6.77
Independent (Frontier) Audrey Eu Yuet-mee
Cyd Ho Sau-lan
73,844 20.85
(16.67+4.15)
N/A
Nonpartisan Rita Fan Hsu Lai-tai 65,661 18.54 N/A
Grass-root pro-democrats Tsang Kin-shing, Chung Chung-fai, Tang Chui-chung 5,313 1.50 −2.29
Nonpartisan Kelvin Wong Kam-fai 2,830 0.80 N/A
Total valid votes 354,095 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,270
Turnout 356,365 57.62 +15.59
Registered electors 618,451
2000 Hong Kong Island by-election[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Audrey Eu Yuet-mee 108,401 52.11
DAB Christopher Chung Shu-kun 78,282 37.23
Independent Jennifer Chow Kit-bing 13,717 6.59
Independent Paul Tse Wai-chun 5,076 0.50
Independent Simon Lo Ching-cheung 1,317 0.25
Independent Shi Kai-biu 1,231 0.19
Majority 30,119 17.61
Total valid votes 208,024 100.00
Rejected ballots 648
Turnout 208,672 33.27
Registered electors 627,208
Independent gain from DAB Swing
1 2 2

Vote share

  Democratic (35.3%)
  DAB (27.8%)
  Frontier (10.0%)
  New Forum (5.5%)
  Other (21.4%)
2000 Legislative Council election: Hong Kong Island[15]
List Candidates Votes Of total (%) ± from prev.
Quota 52,158 20.00
Democratic Martin Lee Chu-ming, Yeung Sum
Kam Nai-wai, Joseph Lai Chi-keong, Cheng Lai-king
92,074 35.31
(20.00+15.31)
−11.46
DAB Cheng Kai-nam, Choy So-yuk
Suen Kai-cheong, Christopher Chung Shu-kun, Yeung Wai-foon
72,617 27.85
(20.00+7.85)
−1.52
Frontier Cyd Ho Sau-lan 25,988 9.97 N/A
Nonpartisan Fung Leung-lo 15,419 5.91 N/A
Nonpartisan Jennifer Chow Kit-bing 14,534 5.57 +2.04
New Forum David Lan Hong-tsung, Fung Ho-keung, Chan Choi-hi, Regina Yeung Sum-yu 14,329 5.49 N/A
Ind. democrat Tsang Kin-shing, Manuel Chan Tim-shing, Steve Chan Kwok-leung 9,896 3.79 N/A
Nonpartisan Angel Leung On-kay 6,967 2.67 N/A
Nonpartisan Paul Tse Wai-chun 6,398 2.45 N/A
Nonpartisan Allen Yung Chan-lung 1,434 0.55 N/A
Nonpartisan Andrew Shuen Pak-man 1,132 0.43 N/A
Total valid votes 260,788 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,776
Turnout 263,564 42.03 −9.93
Registered electors 618,451

1990s

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1 2 1

Vote share

  Democratic (46.8%)
  DAB (29.3%)
  Citizens (12.8%)
  Liberal (2.4%)
  Other (8.7%)
1998 Legislative Council election: Hong Kong Island[16]
List Candidates Votes Of total (%) ± from prev.
Quota 76,903 25.00
Democratic Martin Lee Chu-ming, Yeung Sum
Yuen Bun-keung, Chan Kwok-leung
143,843 46.76
(25.00+21.76)
DAB Cheng Kai-nam
Ip Kwok-him, Suen Kai-cheong, Christopher Chung Shu-kun
90,182 29.32
(25.00+4.32)
Citizens Christine Loh Kung-wai 39,251 12.76
Independent Chong Chan-yau 12,377 4.02
Nonpartisan Jennifer Chow Kit-bing 10,950 3.56
Liberal Ada Wong Ying-kay, Alice Tso Shing-yuk, Alice Lam Chui-lin 7,845 2.43
Nonpartisan Louis Leung Wing-on 2,588 0.84
Independent Li Hung 935 0.30
Total valid votes 307,611 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,203
Turnout 309,814 51.96
Registered electors 596,245

References

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  1. ^ "Number of Seats for the Geographical Constituencies" (PDF). Electoral Affairs Commission.
  2. ^ "Voter Registration Statistics: Geographical Constituency". Registration and Electoral Office.
  3. ^ Diamond, Larry; Myers, Ramon H. (2001). Elections and Democracy in Greater China. OUP Oxford. pp. 1985–6.
  4. ^ "ICAC arrests Gary Cheng". South China Morning Post. 31 January 2001.
  5. ^ "South China Morning Post, 14 September 2004". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  6. ^ "Legislative Council HK Island Geographical Constituency By-election". Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
  7. ^ "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  8. ^ "Pro-democracy lawmakers Au Nok-hin and Gary Fan lose seats as Hong Kong's top court rejects election petition appeals". Hong Kong Free Press. 17 December 2019.
  9. ^ "Election Result – Hong Kong Island". Electoral Affairs Commission.
  10. ^ "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  11. ^ "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  12. ^ "Legislative Council HK Island Geographical Constituency By-election". Archived from the original on 15 December 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
  13. ^ "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 15 December 2004. Archived from the original on 5 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  14. ^ "Legislative Council Hong Kong Island By-election". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  15. ^ "Legislative Council Elections Results". Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  16. ^ "Legco election overall result". Electoral Affairs Commission.
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22°15′52″N 114°11′14″E / 22.26444°N 114.18722°E / 22.26444; 114.18722