Al-Hirak (Arabic: الحراك also spelled al-Hrak or Herak) is a town in southern Syria, administratively belonging to the Izra' District of the Daraa Governorate. It is situated about 40 kilometers northeast of Daraa, and is surrounded by the towns of Maliha al-Gharbiyah to the east and Izra' to the northeast.
Al-Hirak
الحراك | |
|---|---|
 Al-Hirak, Syria | |
  Al-Hirak | |
| Coordinates: 32°45′4″N 36°18′19″E / 32.75111°N 36.30528°E | |
| Grid position | 273/239; 271/239 PAL |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Daraa |
| District | Izra' |
| Subdistrict | Hirak |
| Elevation | 620 m (2,030 ft) |
| Population (2012)[1] | |
• Total | 27,557 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
According to the 2004 census by the Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Hirak had a population of 20,760.[1] Its inhabitants are predominantly Muslims.[2] It is inhabited by clans originally from the Hejaz who arrived in the region in the 17th and 18th centuries and settled there, such as Al Zamil, Al Salamat and Abu Salem, all of which belong to the Anaza tribe.
Among its most important features is the ancient mosque, once a Christian monastery and before that a pagan temple for the worship of Baal, the sun god.
History
editIn 1596 al-Hirak appeared in the Ottoman tax registers under the name of al-Harak al-Sharqi (the Eastern Hirak), being in the nahiya of Bani Malik al-Ashraf in the Qada Hawran. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 61 households and 31 bachelors. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 40% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and bee-hives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 16,000 akçe.[3] Just to the west was al-Harak al-Gharbi (the Western Hirak), which had a population of 17 households and 3 bachelors, also all Muslim. They also had a 40% tax-rate on agricultural products, and produced the same products. Their total tax was 3,600 akçe, and part of the income went to a waqf.[3]
In 1838 it was noted as being south of al-Shaykh Maskin and having a Sunni Muslim population. Nearby al-Harak al-Gharbi, later called Deir al-Sult, was noted as deserted.[2][4]
Syrian civil war
editDuring the Syrian civil war, al-Hirak has served as a base for the opposition forces of the Free Syrian Army (FSA). On March 6, 2012 the town was severely damaged during clashes between the Syrian Army and the FSA, a fighting that was described by the United Kingdom-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights as "very intense." Residential areas and the Abu Bakr al-Saddiq Mosque -serving as military base for the rebels- were reportedly hit by Syrian Army shells.[5] During the battle, the FSA ambushed a Syrian Army armored carrier, killing five soldiers. A 15-year-old boy was reported to be killed after being allegedly shot by a government sniper.[6] "Mosque al-Herak" is named on the Global Heritage Fund listing of damages to Syrian cultural heritage due to the military operations.[7]
In July 2012 about 4,000 residents living in the south of Al-Hirak fled to neighboring cities in Syria or Jordan.[8] The town was repeatedly shelled by the regime throughout August 2012.[9] By August 21, 2012, the FSA had withdrawn from the town.[10] On November 12 and 13, 2012, the town was reported as having a rebel presence and being shelled by the army.[citation needed] On May 3, 2013, it was reported that the base of the 52 mechanized brigade of the 9th Division was shelling the area of Khirbet Ghazala and Al-Hirak[11] On June 9, 2015, the FSA captured the second largest military base in the Daraa Governorate located east of the town.[12] On June 28, 2018, several locations were deserted by rebel forces in sequence: Battalion 49 Base, Alma, Al-Hirak, Battalion 279 Base, Al-Sourah.[13]
References
edit- ^ a b General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Daraa Governorate. (in Arabic)
- ^ a b Smith; in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Second appendix, B, p. 151
- ^ a b Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 213
- ^ Smith; in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Second appendix, B, p. 112
- ^ Syrian government forces 'shell rebel-held towns'. BBC News. 2012-03-06. Retrieved on 2012-03-06.
- ^ Syrian troops shell village in assault on army defectors. The Guardian. 2012-03-06. Retrieved on 2012-03-06.
- ^ Damage to the soul: Syria's cultural heritage in conflict (Archived July 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ "Displaced Syrians in Jordan: 'Syria Smells of Death' - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". www.al-monitor.com. Archived from the original on 2012-10-08.
- ^ "Em Damasco, 40 corpos são encontrados num sótão". Oglobo. 21 August 2012.
- ^ Cave, Damien; Gladstone, Rick (21 August 2012). "As Fighting Rages, Syria and Russia Reject U.S. Intervention Threat". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
- ^ "Safwat Al Zayat – Al Raqqa and large number of killed”, Al Jazeera, May 3, 2013.
- ^ Syrian rebels capture army base in south: rebels, monitor
- ^ https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebels-abandon-several-areas-in-east-daraa-as-syrian-troops-advance Archived 2019-06-21 at the Wayback Machine, AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. 2018-06-28. Retrieved 2018-06-28.
Bibliography
edit- Hütteroth, W.-D.; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
External links
edit- Map of town, Google Maps
- El Karak-map; 21m