Henrietta Howard (born Henrietta Hobart; 1689 – 26 July 1767) was a British courtier. She is known as the mistress of King George II of Great Britain. She was the sister of John Hobart, 1st Earl of Buckinghamshire.
Henrietta Howard | |
|---|---|
 Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, c. 1724, by Charles Jervas. | |
| Countess consort of Suffolk | |
| Tenure | 1731 - 1733 |
| Known for | Mistress of George II of Great Britain |
| Born | Henrietta Hobart 1689 Norfolk |
| Died | 26 July 1767 Richmond upon Thames |
| Noble family | Hobart |
| Spouse(s) | Charles Howard, 9th Earl of Suffolk George Berkeley |
| Issue | Henry Howard, 10th Earl of Suffolk |
| Father | Sir Henry Hobart, 4th Baronet |
| Mother | Elizabeth Maynard |
| Occupation | Lady of the Bedchamber to Caroline of Ansbach |
Biography
editHenrietta was one of three daughters of Sir Henry Hobart, 4th Baronet, a Norfolk landowner, and his wife Elizabeth (née Maynard). Her father died in a duel when Henrietta was aged eight, and her mother died four years later in 1701, leaving her an orphan at twelve. She then became the ward of Henry Howard, 5th Earl of Suffolk, marrying his youngest son, Charles Howard, later 9th Earl of Suffolk. The wedding was held at the church of St Benet, Paul's Wharf in London on 2 March 1706.[1] They had one son, the future Henry Howard, 10th Earl of Suffolk. The marriage was unhappy; Charles was a wife-beater and compulsive gambler. She went deaf at an early age.
In 1714, the couple travelled to Hanover, hoping to ingratiate themselves with the future George I of Great Britain. Henrietta met and became mistress to his son, the future George II, and was appointed a Lady of the Bedchamber to his wife, Caroline of Ansbach. In 1723, the now Prince of Wales made a financial settlement with her husband, who was also a member of his household,[2] in exchange for her services as a royal mistress.[3] Queen Caroline liked Henrietta, and was happy that the King kept a mistress she found congenial, although she would occasionally administer snubs to Henrietta in public. Henrietta was noted for her wit and intelligence.
Henrietta and her husband officially separated around 1727, although there was no divorce; that would have required an act of parliament to be passed, with inevitable public scrutiny. Charles succeeded to the Earldom in 1731, allowing Henrietta to describe herself as Countess of Suffolk. Later, after Charles Howard's death in 1733, Henrietta remarried, in 1735, the Hon. George Berkeley, son of the Earl of Berkeley.
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After George II moved on to a new mistress, Amalie von Wallmoden in 1734, Henrietta purchased land on the banks of the River Thames, having received a very large financial settlement from the King. Marble Hill House in Twickenham was built for her on this site by the architect Roger Morris, who collaborated in its design with Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, one of the "architect earls." When her second husband died, in 1746, she retired there permanently. She formed an intellectual circle, and her many friends included Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, John Gay, and Alexander Pope.[2][4] Her correspondents also included Horace Walpole (a near neighbour in later life) and Jonathan Swift. Pope wrote of her, in his poem "On a certain lady at court":
- I knew a thing that’s most uncommon
- (Envy be silent and attend!)
- I knew a reasonable woman,
- Handsome and witty, yet a friend.
She is generally supposed to be the model for Chloe, a character in Pope's Horatian Epistle To a Lady, and is a character in The Heart of Midlothian by Sir Walter Scott, who describes accurately her ambiguous friendship with Queen Caroline.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Tracy Borman, King's Mistress, Queen's Servant: The Life and Times of Henrietta Howard (London: Vintage, 2010), p. 17
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
- ^ Herman, Eleanor (2005). Sex with Kings: 500 Years of Adultery, Power, Rivalry, and Revenge. An Old, Dull, Deaf, Peevish, Beast: William Morrow Paperbacks. pp. 63–65. ISBN 0060585447.
- ^ Rumbold, Valerie; Valerie, Rumbold (1989). Women's Place in Pope's World. Cambridge University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-521-36308-2.
Sources
edit- Henrietta Howard: King's Mistress, Queen's Servant, Tracy Borman (2007)
- Bryant, Julius. London's country house collections (London: Scala Books in association with English Heritage, 1993)
- Bryant, Julius. Mrs Howard: a woman of reason (1688-1767) (London: English Heritage, 1988)
- . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- John Wilson Croker, ed., Letters to and from Henrietta, countess of Suffolk, and her second husband, the Hon. George Berkeley: from 1712 to 1767, (London: J. Murray), 1824. Online: Vol. 1, Vol. 2.