Johannes Sering or Johan Seringius (died 1631) was a chaplain to Anne of Denmark in Scotland and England.
Background
edit
Sering was a graduate of Rostock University where he had studied under David Chytraeus. His 1585 matriculation record says he was from Thuringia.[1] He was a member of the Lutheran church. He was described as born a subject of the Prince of Weimar (Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar) when he became an English citizen in 1607.[2]
Preacher to the Scottish Queen
editAs part of the negotiations for the marriage of Anne of Denmark and James VI of Scotland the Danish Regency council requested that she was allowed the freedom of religion and worship of her choice, and to keep a preacher at the expense of the Scottish exchequer, and recruit a successor as she wishes. The preacher was to be Danish or German.[3]
Following Anne of Denmark's marriage by proxy to King James on 20 August 1589,[4] a household was established for her in Denmark as the Scottish Queen. The chief lady in waiting or hofmesterinde was Fru Ide Ulfstand, and Johannes Sering was her preacher.[5]
Meeting at Oslo
editAfter Anne's ships were delayed by contrary winds, James VI of Scotland sailed to Norway to meet her. On 25 November 1589 he had lunch with Sering and his own preacher David Lindsay, as guests of Jens Nilssøn, Bishop of Oslo.[6] James VI interviewed Sering, promising him an annual stipend of 200 dalers and another 40 dalers for the wages of two servants for, "the instruction of our Sovereign lady his highness's dearest spouse in the true religion".[7]
Service in Scotland
editSering, as the "Dens minister" (Danish preacher), was paid a yearly fee of £600 in three termly installments from the Scottish exchequer.[8] He was given clothes to suit his role, a hat, a gown and cassock of fine London cloth.[9]
David Chrytraeus wrote to Sering in October 1590.[10] Sering may have written frequently to the court of Denmark with news of Scotland and the queen. One of his surviving letters to the Danish council seems to allude to this role.[11]
Though both kingdoms had adopted forms of Protestantism, Denmark was a Lutheran country while Scotland had become Calvinist. Some historians, including Susan Dunn-Hensley and Maureen Meikle, suggest that Anne of Denmark soon secretly converted to the Catholic faith after coming to Scotland, despite Sering's guiding role.[12] It is suggested that Sering converted to Scottish Calvinism.[13] Other historians, including Jemma Field, contend that Anne of Denmark did not convert from the Lutheran faith of her upbringing.[14]
On 25 May 1595 Sering wrote the Council of Denmark, asking if he could leave Scotland and be a church minister in Denmark. He mentioned that the queen now could now speak Scots as fluently as any noblewoman.[15][16] However, he stayed in the queen's service and came with her to England in 1603.
In April 1597 he attended the baptism of Lucretia, the daughter of George Littlejohn.[17] seing married Anna Ellis or Ebbes, a Danish servant of the queen on 28 April 1598. The queen paid for their wedding banquet at Holyrood Palace, and the household accounts recorded the day as the wedding of "Hairy Hans" and "Little Anna".[18]
In England
editSering went to London at the Union of the Crowns with his family.[19] The Duke of Holstein, who visited England in 1605, promised Anna Ebbis she would have an annual pension of £50, but she later had to write a petition for payment.[20]
On 25 July 1607, Sering was granted denization in England, and was described as a subject of the Prince of Weimar.[21]
Little Anna died on 26 February 1608, and was buried at St Margaret's, Westminster, where Sering had a ledger stone placed with a Latin epitaph.[22]
In 1611 he petitioned for the mastership of the hospital of Newport Pagnell, which was part of the queen's jointure.[23] Sering, recorded as the "Dutch chaplain" had a royal annuity of £50 per year from 11 February 1621.[24] In 1622 he sent a petition for payment to the Lord Treasurer, Lionel Cranfield.[25] He received a pension of £80 yearly. In 1626 he wrote a Latin poem for the coronation of Charles I of England to accompany another petition for arrears of his pension.[26]
He died in 1631 and was buried at St Margaret's, Westminster, leaving a widow, Grace.[27]
Frederick Sering
editA man called "Frederick Searing" or "Serings", locksmith or turner (carpenter), also appears in lists of the queen's household.[28] In payments of February 1608, he can be linked with George Davies, a coffer maker. It is unclear if this man was a relation to Johannes Sering.[29]
References
edit- ^ 'Immatrikulation von Ioannes Seringius', Universität Rostock.
- ^ William Arthur Shaw, Letters of denization and acts of naturalization for aliens in England and Ireland (Lymington, 1911), p. 12
- ^ David Stevenson, Scotland's Last Royal Wedding: The Marriage of James VI of Anne of Denmark (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1997), pp. 83, 85.
- ^ David Chrytraeus, Epistolae (Hanovia, 1614), pp. 696, 711: Miles Kerr-Peterson, A Protestant Lord in James VI's Scotland: George Keith, Fifth Earl Marischal (Boydell, 2019), p. 50.
- ^ David Stevenson, Scotland's Last Royal Wedding (Edinburgh, 1997), pp. 22–3, 85, 89.
- ^ David Stevenson, Scotland's Last Royal Wedding (Edinburgh, 1997), p. 94.
- ^ National Records of Scotland, PS1/66 f. 38r, 23 January 1593/4.
- ^ George Powell McNeill, Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, vol. 23 (Edinburgh, 1908), pp. 44, 152, 155, 208, 279.
- ^ Michael Pearce, 'Anna of Denmark: Fashioning a Danish Court in Scotland', The Court Historian, 24:2 (2019), p. 147. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14629712.2019.1626110 10.1080/14629712.2019.1626110
- ^ David Chrytraeus, Epistolae (Hanovia, 1614), p. 752.
- ^ Maureen Meikle, 'Once a Dane, Always a Dane? Queen Anna of Denmark’s Foreign Relations and Intercessions as a Queen Consort of Scotland and England', The Court Historian, 24:2 (2019), p. 171.
- ^ Susan Dunn-Hensley, Anna of Denmark and Henrietta Maria: Virgins, Witches, and Catholic Queens (Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), p. 59: Maureen Meikle, 'Once a Dane, Always a Dane? Queen Anna of Denmark’s Foreign Relations and Intercessions as a Queen Consort of Scotland and England', The Court Historian, 24:2 (2019), pp. 171–2. doi:10.1080/14629712.2019.1626121: Maureen Meikle & Helen M. Payne, 'From Lutheranism to Catholicism: The faith of Anna of Denmark, 1574-1619', Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 64 (2013), pp. 45-69. doi:10.1017/S0022046911000868
- ^ David Stevenson, Scotland's Last Royal Wedding (Edinburgh, 1997), p. 67.
- ^ Jemma Field, 'Anna of Denmark and the Politics of Religious Identity in Jacobean Scotland and England, c. 1592-1619', Northern Studies, 50 (2019), pp. 87-113
- ^ Steve Murdoch, Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart, 1603-1660 (Tuckwell: East Linton, 2000), p. 3.
- ^ William Dunn Macray, Appendix to the 47th Report of the Deputy Keeper of Public Records (London, 1886), p. 38
- ^ 'Extracts from the Register of Baptisms, Edinburgh', Scottish Antiquary, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1891), p. 90.
- ^ Michael Pearce, 'Anna of Denmark: Fashioning a Danish Court in Scotland', The Court Historian, 24:2 (2019), p. 147.
- ^ Susan Doran, From Tudor to Stewart: the regime change from Elizabeth I to James I (Oxford, 2024), p. 192.
- ^ HMC Salisbury Hatfield, vol. 22 (London, 1971), p. 84.
- ^ Letters of Denization and Acts of Naturalization for Aliens in England and Ireland, vol. 18 (London, 1911), p. 12, see also TNA SP15/38/28, note of bill signed May 1606.
- ^ John Stow, A survey of the cities of London and Westminster, vol. 2 (London, 1753), p. 622.
- ^ Mary Anne Everett Green, Calendar State Papers Domestic, Addenda 1580-1625 (London, 1872), p. 531.
- ^ Frederick Devon, Issues of the Exchequer: James I (London, 1836), p. 258.
- ^ HMC 4th Report: De La Warr (London, 1874), pp. 277, 300.
- ^ British Library, Sloane MS 2717.
- ^ A. M. Burke, Memorials of St. Margaret's Church, Westminster: the parish registers, 1539-1660 (London, 1914), pp. 489, 558.
- ^ Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596', Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI (Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 14, 39-40, 69.
- ^ Thomas W. Ross, 'Expenses for Ben Jonson's The Masque of Beauty', The Bulletin of the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association, 23:4 (December 1969), p. 172.