Glugging (also referred to as "the glug-glug process"[1]) is the physical phenomenon which occurs when a liquid is poured rapidly from a vessel with a narrow opening, such as a bottle.[2][3] It is a facet of fluid dynamics.
As liquid is poured from a bottle, the air pressure in the bottle is lowered, and air at higher pressure from outside the bottle is forced into the bottle, in the form of a bubble, impeding the flow of liquid.[3] Once the bubble enters, more liquid escapes, and the process is repeated.[3] The reciprocal action of glugging creates a rhythmic sound.[4] The English word "glug" is onomatopoeic, describing this sound.[5] Onomatopoeias in other languages include Gluckern (German).
Academic papers have been written about the physics of glugging,[1][2][4][6] and about the impact of glugging sounds on consumers' perception of products such as wine.[7][8] Research into glugging has been done using high-speed photography.[4]
Factors which affect glugging are the viscosity of the liquid, its carbonation, the size and shape of the container's neck and its opening (collectively referred to as "bottle geometry"), the angle at which the container is held, and the ratio of air to liquid in the bottle (which means that the rate and the sound of the glugging changes as the bottle empties).[3][4][7]
See also
edit- Cavitation – Low-pressure voids formed in liquids
- Water hammer – Pressure surge when a fluid is forced to stop or change direction suddenly
References
edit- ^ a b Mer, Samuel; Praud, Olivier; Neau, Herve; Merigoux, Nicolas; Magnaudet, Jacques; Roig, Veronique (September 2018). "The emptying of a bottle as a test case for assessing interfacial momentum exchange models for Euler–Euler simulations of multi-scale gas-liquid flows" (PDF). International Journal of Multiphase Flow. 106: 109–124. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2018.05.002. S2CID 126045682.
- ^ a b Clanet, Christophe; Searby, Geoffrey (10 July 2004). "On the glug-glug of ideal bottles". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 510: 145–168. Bibcode:2004JFM...510..145C. doi:10.1017/S002211200400936X. S2CID 59064702.
- ^ a b c d Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (29 June 2016). 'Glugging' explained (YouTube video). Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ a b c d American Institute of Physics (7 April 2020). "Glug, Glug: Physics of Bubble Dynamics Reveals How to Empty Bottles Faster". SciTechDaily. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "glug". Onomatopoeia List. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ Omilinsky, Ba; Lindsay, Ad (1 January 1993). "Container Design and 'Glug'". Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems. 12: 235–235–9. doi:10.1520/STP20197S. ISBN 978-0-8031-1439-5.
- ^ a b Wang, Qian Janice; Spence, Charles (2019). "Sonic Packaging: How Packaging Sounds Influence Multisensory Product Evaluation". Multisensory Packaging: Designing New Product Experiences: 103–125. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94977-2_5. ISBN 978-3-319-94976-5. S2CID 70214647.
- ^ Smith, Barry C. (2007). Questions of Taste: The Philosophy of Wine. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-533146-2.