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Prince George, Duke of Kent

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Prince George, Duke of Kent (George Edward Alexander Edmund; 20 December 1902 – 25 August 1942) was a member of the British royal family, the fourth son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was a younger brother of kings Edward VIII and George VI. Prince George served in the Royal Navy in the 1920s and then briefly as a civil servant. He became Duke of Kent in 1934. In the late 1930s he served as an Royal Air Force officer, initially as a staff officer at RAF Training Command and then, from July 1941, as a staff officer in the Welfare Section of the RAF Inspector General's Staff. He died in the Dunbeath air crash on 25 August 1942, in which fourteen of the fifteen crew and passengers were killed.

Prince George
Duke of Kent (more)
George in 1934
BornPrince George of Wales
(1902-12-20)20 December 1902
York Cottage, Sandringham, Norfolk, England
Died25 August 1942(1942-08-25) (aged 39)
Morven, Caithness, Scotland
Cause of deathDunbeath air crash
Burial29 August 1942
Royal Vault, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
29 August 1968
Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1934)​
Issue
Names
George Edward Alexander Edmund
House
FatherGeorge V
MotherMary of Teck
SignaturePrince George's signature
Education
Military career
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branch
Years of active service1916–1942
Rank
Battles / wars

Early life

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Prince George (far right) with his siblings in 1912

Prince George was born on 20 December 1902 at York Cottage on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, England.[1] His father was the Prince of Wales (later King George V), the only surviving son of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra.

His mother was the Princess of Wales, later Queen Mary, the only daughter and eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of Teck. At the time of his birth, he was fifth in the line of succession to the throne, behind his father and three older brothers: Edward, Albert and Henry.

George was baptised in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle on 26 January 1903 by Francis Paget, Bishop of Oxford. His godparents were King Edward VII (his paternal grandfather), Prince Valdemar of Denmark (his paternal granduncle, represented by Prince Carl of Denmark, his paternal uncle), Prince Louis of Battenberg (husband of his father's cousin), Queen Alexandra (his paternal grandmother), Empress Dowager Maria Feodorovna (his paternal grandaunt, represented by Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom, his paternal aunt), and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (his paternal grandaunt).[2]

Education and career

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George (centre) with his brothers the Prince of Wales and Prince Henry on Time magazine's cover, 8 August 1927

Prince George received his early education from a tutor and then followed his elder brother, Prince Henry, to St Peter's Court, a preparatory school at Broadstairs, Kent. At the age of 13, like his brothers, the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VIII and Prince Albert, later King George VI, before him, he went to naval college, first at Osborne and later, at Dartmouth.[1] He was promoted to sub-lieutenant on 15 February 1924,[3] and was promoted to lieutenant on 15 February 1926.[4] He remained on active service in the Royal Navy until March 1929, serving on HMS Iron Duke and later on the flagship of the Atlantic Fleet (renamed the Home Fleet in 1932), HMS Nelson.[1] He served on the latter as a lieutenant on the admiral's staff before transferring in 1928 to HMS Durban on the America and West Indies Station, based at the Royal Naval Dockyard at Bermuda. His father had previously served at Bermuda on HMS Canada and HMS Thrush, as a watch-keeping lieutenant.[5]

After leaving the navy, he briefly held posts at the Foreign Office and later the Home Office, becoming the first member of the royal family to work as a civil servant.[1] He continued to receive promotions after leaving active service: to commander on 15 February 1934[6] and to captain on 1 January 1937.[7]

From January to April 1931, Prince George and his elder brother the Prince of Wales travelled 18,000 miles on a tour of South America. Their outward voyage was on the ocean liner Oropesa.[8] In Buenos Aires they opened a British Empire Exhibition.[9] They continued from Río de la Plata to Rio de Janeiro on the liner Alcantara and returned from Brazil to Europe on the liner Arlanza, landing at Lisbon.[10] The princes returned via Paris and an Imperial Airways flight from Paris–Le Bourget Airport that landed specially in Windsor Great Park.[11][12]

On 23 June 1936, George was appointed a personal aide-de-camp to his eldest brother, the new king, Edward VIII.[13] Following the abdication of Edward VIII, he was appointed a personal naval aide-de-camp to his elder brother, now George VI.[14] On 12 March 1937, he was commissioned as a colonel in the British Army and in the equivalent rank of group captain in the Royal Air Force (RAF).[15] He was also appointed as the Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Fusiliers from the same date.[16]

In October 1938 George was appointed Governor-General of Australia in succession to Lord Gowrie with effect from November 1939.[17][18] On 11 September 1939 it was announced that, owing to the outbreak of the Second World War, the appointment was postponed.[19]

On 8 June 1939, George was promoted to the ranks of rear admiral in the Royal Navy, major-general in the British Army and air vice-marshal in the Royal Air Force.[20] At the start of the Second World War, George returned to active naval service with the rank of rear admiral, briefly serving in the Intelligence Division of the Admiralty.

He was patron of the Society for Nautical Research between 1926 and 1942.[21]

Personal life

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Marriage and children

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The Duke and Duchess of Kent in 1934

On 9 October 1934, in anticipation of his forthcoming marriage to his second cousin, Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, he was created Duke of Kent, Earl of St Andrews, and Baron Downpatrick.[22] The couple married on 29 November 1934 at Westminster Abbey.[23] This was followed by a Greek ceremony in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace, which was converted into an Orthodox chapel for the liturgy.[24] They had three children:

Relationships

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There were rumours that he had affairs with musical star Jessie Matthews,[25] writer Cecil Roberts,[26] and Noël Coward,[27] a relationship which Coward's long-term partner, Graham Payn, denied.[28] While married, he had an affair with Margaret Whigham, later known as Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll.[29]

George was also rumoured to have been addicted to drugs, especially morphine and cocaine, an allegation which reputedly originated from his friendship with Kiki Preston (née Alice Gwynne, 1898–1946), whom he first met in the mid-1920s.[30][31][32] Known as "the girl with the silver syringe" due to her addiction to heroin, Preston – a cousin of railroad heiress Gloria Vanderbilt – was married first to Horace R. B. Allen and then, in 1925, to banker Jerome Preston.[33] She died after jumping out of a window of the Stanhope Hotel in New York City.[34]

His other alleged sexual liaisons include a ménage à trois with Preston and José Uriburu, bisexual son of Argentine ambassador to the UK José Uriburu Tezanos.[35]

In addition to his legitimate children, he was said to have had a son by Kiki Preston.[36] According to the memoirs of a friend, Loelia, Duchess of Westminster, Prince George's brother Edward VIII believed that the son was Michael Temple Canfield (1926–1969), the adopted son of American publisher Cass Canfield – and the first husband of Lee Radziwill, sister of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (wife of President John F. Kennedy).[37]

In an article published in June of 2024, the Daily Telegraph provided a list of the Duke's known and suspected romantic partners, while casting doubt on others who have been named at times. The article specifically called into question the factual accuracy of some elements of the article about the Duke in the English language Wikipedia specifically relating to his private life and romantic relationships.[38]

RAF career

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The Duke of Kent before he crossed the Atlantic by air

As a young man the Duke came to the opinion that the future lay in aviation. It became his passion, and in 1929, the Duke earned his pilot's licence. He was the first of the royal family to cross the Atlantic Ocean by air. Before his flying days, he entered the Royal Navy, and was trained in intelligence work while stationed at Rosyth.[39]

In March 1937, he was granted a commission in the Royal Air Force as a group captain.[40] He was also made the Honorary Air Commodore of No. 500 (County of Kent) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force in August 1938.[41][42] He was promoted to air vice-marshal in June 1939, along with promotions to flag and general officer rank in the other two services.[20]

In 1939 he returned to active service as a rear admiral in the Royal Navy, but in April 1940, transferred to the Royal Air Force. He temporarily relinquished his rank as an air officer to assume the post of staff officer at RAF Training Command in the rank of group captain,[43] so that he would not be senior to more experienced officers. On 28 July 1941, he assumed the rank of air commodore in the Welfare Section of the RAF Inspector General's Staff.[44] In this role, he went on official visits to RAF bases to help boost wartime morale.[45]

Freemasonry

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Prince George was initiated into freemasonry on 12 April 1928 in Navy Lodge No. 2612. He subsequently served as master of Navy Lodge in 1931, and was also a member of Prince of Wales's Lodge No. 259, and Royal Alpha Lodge No. 16, of which he served as master in 1940. He was appointed senior grand warden of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1933, and served as provincial grand master of Wiltshire from 1934, until he was elected grand master of the United Grand Lodge of England in 1939; a position he held until his death in 1942.[46]

Death

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Further information: Dunbeath air crash

On 25 August 1942, George and 14 others took off in a RAF Short Sunderland flying boat W4026 from Invergordon, Ross and Cromarty, to fly to Iceland on non-operational duties. The aircraft crashed on Eagle's Rock, a hillside near Dunbeath, Caithness, Scotland. George and all but one of those on board were killed. He was 39 years old.[47]

Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince wrote about the crash in their book Double Standards, which was criticised for its "implausible inaccuracy".[48] They alleged that Kent had a briefcase full of 100 Swedish krona notes, worthless in Iceland, handcuffed to his wrist, leading to speculation the flight was a military mission to Sweden, the only place where Swedish notes were of value.[49]

His death in RAF service marked the first time in more than 450 years that a member of the royal family died on active service.[50] The prince's body was transferred initially to St George's Chapel, Windsor, and he was buried in the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore, directly behind Queen Victoria's mausoleum.[51] His elder son, six-year-old Prince Edward, succeeded him as Duke of Kent. Princess Marina, his wife, had given birth to their third child, Prince Michael, only seven weeks before Prince George's death. His will was sealed in Llandudno in 1943. His estate was valued at £157,735 (or £8.3 million in 2023 when adjusted for inflation).[52]

One RAF crew member survived the crash: Flight Sergeant Andrew Jack, the Sunderland's rear gunner.[53] Flight Sergeant Jack's niece has claimed that Jack told his brother that the Duke had been at the controls of the plane; that Jack had dragged him from the pilot's seat after the crash; and that there was an additional person on board the plane whose identity has never been revealed.[54]

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Portrait by Philip de László, 1934

The Duke's early life is dramatised in Stephen Poliakoff's television serial The Lost Prince (2003), a biography of the life of the Duke's younger brother John. In the film, the teenage Prince 'Georgie' is portrayed as sensitive, intelligent, artistic and almost uniquely sympathetic to his brother's plight. He is shown as detesting his time at the Royal Naval College and as having a difficult relationship with his austere father.

In May 2008, the BBC aired its Radio 4 comedy Hut 33, Series 2, Episode 1, titled "The Royal Visit". The main guest character for this episode was Duke of Kent, played by Michael Fenton-Stevens. The show is set at Bletchley Park with a team of code breakers. The Duke has been chosen to make an impromptu visit, and the code breakers have been told to hide all evidence of their real work and invent a story. "On no account should the Duke be told what really happens at Bletchley because he is a Nazi spy." He is also portrayed as promiscuous and bisexual, as he tries to gain sexual favours from one of the male staff, and one of the female characters recalls a previous liaison with the Duke.[55]

Much of George's later life was outlined in the documentary film The Queen's Lost Uncle.[56] He is a recurring character in the revival of Upstairs, Downstairs (2010/2012), played by Blake Ritson.[57] He is portrayed as a caring brother, terrified of the mistakes that his family is making; later, he is portrayed as an appeaser of the German regime, but also as a supportive friend of Hallam Holland.[57]

George and his eldest brother the Prince of Wales, later Edward VIII, are shown in Stephen Poliakoff's BBC television serial Dancing on the Edge (2013), in which they are portrayed as supporters of jazz and encouragers of Louis Lester's Jazz Band. A sexual attraction to Louis on George's part is also insinuated.[58]

Honours and arms

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Country Date Appointment Ribbon Post-nominal

letters

Other
  United Kingdom 1923 Royal Knight Companion of Order of the Garter   KG [59]formally invested in 1924
1935 Extra Knight of the Order of the Thistle   KT
1934 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George   GCMG [60]
1924 Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order   GCVO [61]
1936 Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain [62]
23 June 1936 Personal aide-de-camp ADC [63]
  Denmark 20 September 1922 Knight of the Order of the Elephant   [64]
  Norway 20 December 1924 Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav   [65]
  Sweden 1 October 1932 Knight of the Order of the Seraphim   [66]
  Chile Knight Grand Cross of the Chilean Order of Merit   [67]
  France March 1939 Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour   [68]

Appointments

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Military

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Canada
New Zealand
United Kingdom

Arms

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Around the time of his elder brother Prince Henry's twenty-first birthday, Prince George was granted the use of the Royal Arms, differenced by a label argent of three points, each bearing an anchor azure.

 
 
 
Prince George's coat of arms
George's banner of arms
George's personal banner of arms in Scotland

Ancestry

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See also: Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Duke of Kent once called sailor prince". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 26 August 1945. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36988. London. 27 January 1903. p. 8.
  3. ^ "No. 33004". The London Gazette. 23 December 1924. p. 9333.
  4. ^ "No. 33133". The London Gazette. 16 February 1926. p. 1160.
  5. ^ "Our London Letter", The Gloucester Journal, Gloucester, England. 21 July 1928, p. 13
  6. ^ "No. 34024". The London Gazette. 16 February 1934. p. 1074.
  7. ^ "No. 34356". The London Gazette. 1 January 1937. p. 10.
  8. ^ Erskine, Barry, "Oropesa (II)", Pacific Steam Navigation Company, retrieved 15 December 2013
  9. ^ Nicol, Stuart (2001). MacQueen's Legacy; Ships of the Royal Mail Line. Vol. Two. Brimscombe Port and Charleston, SC: Tempus Publishing. p. 130. ISBN 0-7524-2119-0.
  10. ^ Nicol, Stuart (2001). MacQueen's Legacy; A History of the Royal Mail Line. Vol. One. Brimscombe Port and Charleston, SC: Tempus Publishing. p. 158. ISBN 0-7524-2118-2.
  11. ^ "Arrival at Windsor by Air", The Straits Times, National Library, Singapore, 30 April 1931, retrieved 18 December 2013
  12. ^ "Princes Home", The Advertiser and Register, National Library of Australia, 1 May 1931, retrieved 18 December 2013
  13. ^ "No. 34365". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 June 1936. p. 4012.
  14. ^ "No. 34365". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 January 1937. p. 687.
  15. ^ "No. 34379". The London Gazette. 12 March 1937. p. 1646.
  16. ^ a b "No. 34379". The London Gazette. 12 March 1937. p. 1642.
  17. ^ "The Duke of Kent: Appointment in Australia", The Times (26 October 1938): 14.
  18. ^ "Marina, a tragic but well-loved Princess". The Sydney Morning Herald. London. 28 August 1968. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  19. ^ "Duke of Kent and Australia", The Times (12 September 1939): 6.
  20. ^ a b "No. 34633". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 June 1939. p. 3851.
  21. ^ Hugh Murphy & Derek J. Oddy (2010) The Mirror of the Seas; A Centenary History of the Society for Nautical Research London, Society for Nautical Research, p.191. ISBN 978-0-902387-01-0
  22. ^ "No. 34094". The London Gazette. 9 October 1934. p. 6365.
  23. ^ "King and Queen". The Calgary Daily Herald. 29 November 1934. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  24. ^ "King and Queen see rehearsals". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 November 1934. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
  25. ^ Kenneth J. Panton Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy, Lanham,MD: Scarecrow Press, 2011, p.217
  26. ^ King, Francis Henry. Yesterday Came Suddenly, Constable (London) 1993, p278
  27. ^ Barry Day, ed., The Letters of Noël Coward. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007. p. 691
  28. ^ Brandreth, Gyles (2004). Philip and Elizabeth: Portrait of a Marriage. London: Century. ISBN 0-7126-6103-4, p. 94
  29. ^ MacIntyre, Ben (2 February 2019). "The Dirty Duchess of Argyll was ahead of her time". The Times. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  30. ^ Lynn Kear and John Rossman. Kay Francis: A Passionate Life and Career. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2006. p. 28
  31. ^ Farrant, Leda (1994). Diana, Lady Delamere and the Lord Erroll Murder, p. 77. Publishers Distribution Services.
  32. ^ McLeod, Kirsty. Battle Royal: Edward VIII & George VI, Brother Against Brother. Constable, 1999. p 122
  33. ^ Lynn Picknett, Clive Prince, Stephen Prior, and Robert Brydon. War of the Windsors: A Century of Unconstitutional Monarchy. p. 58.
  34. ^ "N. Y. Woman Leaps 5 Stories to Death". The Lewiston Daily Sun. Lewiston, Maine. Associated Press. 24 December 1946. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  35. ^ Bazán, Osvaldo (2004). Historia de la homosexualidad en la Argentina: de la conquista de América al siglo XXI. (in Spanish), p. 180. Marea Editorial.
  36. ^ Nicholson, Stuart (1999). Reminiscing in Tempo: A Portrait of Duke Ellington, p. 146. Northeastern University Press.
  37. ^ Westminster, Loelia, Duchess of. Grace and Favour, Weidenfeld Nicholson, 1961
  38. ^ "The scandalous unseen letters of 'love rat' Prince George, Duke of Kent". The Telegraph. 30 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  39. ^ Macwhirter, Robin, 'The Tragedy at Eagle's Rock', Scotsman, 24 August 1985
  40. ^ "No. 34379". The London Gazette. 12 March 1937. p. 1646.
  41. ^ Hunt 1972, p. 314.
  42. ^ a b "No. 35342". The London Gazette. 16 August 1938. p. 5294.
  43. ^ "No. 34844". The London Gazette. 7 May 1940. p. 2722.
  44. ^ "No. 35292". The London Gazette. 30 September 1941. p. 5659.
  45. ^ "Royal family; aircraft engineer; 1942". Flight Archive. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  46. ^ "English Royal Freemasons" (PDF). The Library & Museum of Freemasonry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  47. ^ "Duke of Kent Dies in an R.A.F. Crash on way to Iceland" (PDF). The New York Times. 26 August 1942. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  48. ^ Rubinstein, William D. (2008). "7: The Mysteries of Rudolf Hess". Shadow Pasts: History's Mysteries. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman. p. 147. ISBN 9780582505971. Retrieved 18 February 2017. ... probably the strangest book ever written on the Hess affair is Double Standards... The thesis of Double Standards is that Rudolf Hess ... died in the plane crash in northern Scotland in August 1942 which also killed the Duke of Kent ... Hess was being transported to neutral Sweden (not Iceland, given in the official story as the plane's destination) to be handed over to the Germans as the first step in a settlement of the war between Britain and Germany. ... Double Standards seems breathtaking in its implausible inaccuracy.
  49. ^ Double Standards p. 424
  50. ^ "Aviation – Newbattle at war". newbattleatwar.wordpress.com. 9 April 2013.
  51. ^ "Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805". College of St George - Windsor Castle. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  52. ^ Evans, Rob; Pegg, David (18 July 2022). "£187m of Windsor family wealth hidden in secret royal wills". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  53. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Short Sunderland III W4026 Dunbeath, Scotland". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  54. ^ "Secret of Duke's plane death." BBC News, Wales, 23 December 2003. Retrieved 26 September 2017
  55. ^ "BBC Radio 4 Extra – Hut 33, Series 2, Royal Visit".
  56. ^ "The Queen's Lost Uncle". Channel 4. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  57. ^ a b "Upstairs life of a royal rogue". Daily Express. 26 February 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  58. ^ Furness, Hannah (1 February 2013). "New BBC drama to show the scandalous stories of the playboy princes". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
  59. ^ List of the Knights of the Garter – via heraldica.org
  60. ^ "No. 34045". The London Gazette. 27 April 1934. p. 2703.
  61. ^ P. Galloway, D. Stanley, D. Martin (1996), Royal Service, volume 1, pp. 209–212 (London: Victorian Publishing, ISBN 0-9528527-0-5)
  62. ^ "No. 34238". The London Gazette. 31 December 1935. p. 7.
  63. ^ "Personal Aide de Camp Appointments 23 June 1936". The London Gazette. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  64. ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1933) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1933 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1933] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. p. 17. Retrieved 5 March 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
  65. ^ "Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden", Norges Statskalender for Aaret 1930 (in Norwegian), Oslo: Forlagt av H. Aschehoug & Co. (w. Nygaard), 1930, pp. 995–996 – via runeberg.org
  66. ^ Per Nordenvall (1998). "Kungl. Maj:ts Orden". Kungliga Serafimerorden: 1748–1998 (in Swedish). Stockholm. ISBN 91-630-6744-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  67. ^ Bortrick, William. "The Royal Family – HM Queen Elizabeth II". Burke's Peerage and Gentry. Archived from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  68. ^ M. & B. Wattel (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers (in French). Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 463. ISBN 978-2-35077-135-9.
  69. ^ The Essex and Kent Scottish, Key Appointments, The Scottish Borderers Foundation, retrieved 15 November 2023
  70. ^ Cooke, P. (2019). Won by the Spade: How the Royal New Zealand Engineers Built a Nation. Dunedin: Exisle Publishing. p. 233. ISBN 9781775593645.
  71. ^ "No. 34142". The London Gazette. 15 March 1935. p. 1807.

Further reading

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  • Hunt, Leslie (1972). Twenty-one Squadrons: History of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force, 1925–57. London: Garnstone Press. ISBN 0-85511-110-0.(New edition in 1992 by Crécy Publishing, ISBN 0-947554-26-2.)
  • Millar, Peter. "The Other Prince". The Sunday Times (26 January 2003).
  • Warwick, Christopher. George and Marina, Duke and Duchess of Kent. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1988. ISBN 0-297-79453-1.
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Prince George, Duke of Kent
Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
Born: 20 December 1902 Died: 25 August 1942
Masonic offices
Preceded by Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England
1939–1942 		Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New title Duke of Kent
1934–1942 		Succeeded by
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