The Syrian National Congress, also called the Pan-Syrian Congress and General Syrian Congress (GSC), was convened in May 1919 in Damascus, Syria, after the expulsion of the Ottomans from Syria. The mission of the Congress was to consider the future of "Syria", by which was meant the region of Syria: present-day Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan. The Congress also intended to present Arab views to the American King-Crane Commission of inquiry. The Congress was considered the first national parliament in the modern history of Syria.
Syrian National Congress | |
|---|---|
 On the steps of the Arab Club building | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Established | May 1919 |
| Disbanded | 1920 |
| Meeting place | |
| The Arab Club building, Damascus | |
The Congress was attended by representatives from all parts of Greater Syria, including Lebanon and Palestine, and was headed by Hashim al-Atassi. Some participants showed support for King Faisal's demands, while others were beginning to question his willingness to make concessions to pro-Zionist groups.[1] In its final report it pleaded that "there be no separation of the southern part of Syria, known as Palestine, nor of the littoral western zone, which includes Lebanon, from the Syrian country." The King-Crane Commission recommended "the unity of Syria be preserved" in response.[2]
The Congress declared an independent Arab Kingdom of Syria on March 8, 1920, proclaiming:[3]
The full and absolute independence of our country Syria, including Palestine, within her natural boundaries, based on a civil, representative form of government, protection of the rights of minorities, and rejection of the claims of the Zionists to Palestine as a national homeland or place of immigration for the Jews.[4]
The new state intended to include Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and portions of northern Mesopotamia. King Faisal was declared the head of state. At the same time Prince Zeid, Faisal's brother, was declared regent of Mesopotamia. Hashim al-Atassi was named Prime Minister and Yusuf al-'Azma became Minister of War and Chief of Staff.
The Congress continued during the short-lived life of the Kingdom until July 17, 1920, when the French gave Faisal an ultimatum to surrender or fight, and Faisal surrendered, bringing to an end the Kingdom and dissolving its institutions.
Gallery
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Book of the Independence of Syria (ذكرى استقلال سوريا). Shows the declared borders of the Kingdom of Syria and states the date of the Declaration of Independence March 8, 1920.
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See also
edit- Elizabeth F. Thompson (2020). How the west stole democracy from the Arabs: The Syrian Arab Congress of 1920 and the Destruction of its Historic Liberal-Islamic Alliance. Grove Atlantic. ISBN 978-0-8021-4820-9. OL 29824859M. Wikidata Q108862853.
References
edit- ^ Khalidi, Rashid (2010). Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness. Columbia University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780231150750.
- ^ Pipes, Daniel (1992). Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition. Oxford University Press US. p. 26. ISBN 9780195060225.
- ^ King's Complete History of the World War, William C. King, The History Associates, 1922, page 665
- ^ Caplan, N. (2015). Palestine Jewry and the Arab Question, 1917-1925 (RLE Israel and Palestine). Routledge Library Editions: Israel and Palestine. Taylor & Francis. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-317-44282-0. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
External links
edit- The Congress resolutions from July 2, 1919 at: Hurewitz, J. C. (1979). Resolutions of the General Syrian Congress: Syria, July 2, 1919. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 180–182. Retrieved August 14, 2021 – via Bronx Community College, Modern World History Reader.
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