Garden Park is a paleontological site in Fremont County, Colorado, known for its Jurassic dinosaurs and the role the specimens played in the infamous Bone Wars of the late 19th century. Located 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Cañon City, the name originates from the area providing vegetables to the miners at nearby Cripple Creek in the 19th century. Garden Park proper is a triangular valley surrounded by cliffs on the southeast and southwest and by mountains to the north; however, the name is also refers to the dinosaur sites on top and along the cliffs. The dinosaur sites now form the Garden Park Paleontological Resource Area, which is overseen by the Bureau of Land Management.
Geology
editGarden Park was formed by erosion of sedimentary rocks that have been distorted by uplift of the Rocky Mountains. The region is bisected by Four Mile Creek (also called Oil Creek), which has carved a canyon through the Mesozoic and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. One of these Mesozoic strata is the Morrison Formation, which is exposed within the canyon. However, because the formation contains high amounts of swelling clays, large faulted blocks or slump-blocks of the formation are slowly moving towards the creek. The result is to make it difficult to correlate the various dinosaur quarries because exposures are limited and not continuous.
The formation in Garden Park can be divided informally into a lower and upper unit.[1] The lower unit is composed primarily green and gray mudstones, with numerous lenticular, white to tan to gray sandstones. The upper is composed mostly of red mudstone, with lesser amounts of yellowish, often tabular sandstone. These two units probably correspond to the Tidwell, Saltwash and Brushy Basin members of the Morrison Formation on the Colorado Plateau.
Dinosaurs
editThe discovery of dinosaurs in the Garden Park area has been presented numerous times by Schuchert and LeVene,[2] Shur,[3] Ostrom and McIntosh,[4] and Jaffe.[5] Othniel Charles Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope both produced major finds here.[6] The lesser known post-Marsh and Cope collecting of dinosaurs has been presented by Monaco.[7] She recounts the expeditions by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in the early 20th century, the Denver Museum of Natural History in the 1930 and 1990s, and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in the mid-1950s.
Dinosaurs from Garden Park on display include Allosaurus fragilis, Diplodocus longus, Ceratosaurus nasicornis, and Stegosaurus stenops at the National Museum of Natural History, Haplocanthosaurus delfsi at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, and Othnielosaurus consors (then called Othnielia rex), Stegosaurus stenops and a clutch of Preprismatoolithus coloradensis eggs at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science.
Major vertebrate quarries
editreferences [8][9] (h) = holotype
Cleveland Museum of Natural History Quarryedit
Cope's QuarrieseditCS 1 (Cope's Nipple = Saurian Hill)
Quarry 1
Quarry 2
Quarry 3
Quarry 4
Quarry 5 (=Denver Museum of Natural History Camarasaurus)
Quarry 6
Quarry 7
Quarry 8 (CS 2; The Fort)
Quarry 9
Quarry 10
Quarry 11
Quarry 12
Quarry 13
Quarry 14
Quarry 15 (Oil Tract)
The following cannot be assigned to specific quarries
Denver Museum of Natural HistoryeditDeweese Quarry (DMNH)
Egg Gulch
Kessler's Quarry
Lindsey Quarry
Meyer Site 1
Meyer Site 2
Meyer Site 3
Not-A-Haplocanthosaurus Quarry
Small's Quarry
Valley of Death Locality
Marsh QuarrieseditJennings and Johnson Locality
Felch Quarry 1
Felch Quarry 2
Lucas's Site
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References
edit- ^ Carpenter, K. 1998. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Morrison Formation near Cañon City, Colorado. In Carpenter, K., Chure, D. and Kirkland, J.I. (eds.) The Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study. Modern Geology 23:407-426.
- ^ Schuchert, C., and LeVene, C.M. 1940. O.C.Marsh, Pioneer in Paleontology. Yale University Press, New Haven.
- ^ Shur, E. 1974. The Fossil Feud. Exposition Press, NY. 340p.
- ^ Ostrom, J,H., and McIntosh, J.S. 1966. Marsh's Dinosaurs: The Collections from Como Bluff. Yale University Press, New Haven.
- ^ Jaffe, M. 2000. The Gilded Dinosaur. Crown Publ., New York.
- ^ McCarren, Mark J. The Scientific Contributions of Othniel Charles Marsh, pp 1, 8, 20, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. ISBN 0-912532-32-7.
- ^ Monaco, P.E. 1998.A short history of dinosaur collecting in the Garden Park Fossil Area, Canon City, Colorado. In, Carpenter, K., Chure, D. and Kirkland, J.I. (eds.) The Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study. Modern Geology 23: 465-480.
- ^ Carpenter, K. 1998. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Morrison Formation near Cañon City, Colorado. In Carpenter, K., Chure, D. and Kirkland, J.I. (eds.) The Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study. Modern Geology 23:407-426.
- ^ McIntosh, J.S. 1998. New information about the Cope collection of sauropods from Garden Park, Colorado. In Carpenter, K., Chure, D. and Kirkland, J.I. (eds.) The Morrison Formation: An Interdisciplinary Study. Modern Geology 23:481-506.