Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)

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Glycine decarboxylase also known as glycine cleavage system P protein or glycine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GLDC gene.[5][6][7]

GLDC
Identifiers
AliasesGLDC, GCE, GCSP, HYGN1, Glycine dehydrogenase, glycine decarboxylase
External IDsOMIM: 238300; MGI: 1341155; HomoloGene: 141; GeneCards: GLDC; OMA:GLDC - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000170

NM_138595

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000161

NP_613061

Location (UCSC)Chr 9: 6.53 – 6.65 MbChr 19: 30.08 – 30.15 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
glycine decarboxylase
Identifiers
EC no.1.4.4.2
CAS no.37259-67-9
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins

Reaction

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Glycine decarboxylase (EC 1.4.4.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

glycine + H-protein-lipoyllysine   H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine + CO2

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycine and H-protein-lipoyllysine, whereas its two products are H-protein-S-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine and CO2.[8]

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors with a disulfide as acceptor. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Function

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Glycine decarboxylase is the P-protein of the glycine cleavage system in eukaryotes. The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor. Carbon dioxide is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein.

Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system, which is composed of four mitochondrial protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase).[7]

Clinical significance

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Glycine encephalopathy is due to defects in GLDC or AMT of the glycine cleavage system.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178445Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024827Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Kume A, Koyata H, Sakakibara T, Ishiguro Y, Kure S, Hiraga K (Mar 1991). "The glycine cleavage system. Molecular cloning of the chicken and human glycine decarboxylase cDNAs and some characteristics involved in the deduced protein structures". J Biol Chem. 266 (5): 3323–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)49991-7. PMID 1993704.
  6. ^ Kure S, Narisawa K, Tada K (Mar 1991). "Structural and expression analyses of normal and mutant mRNA encoding glycine decarboxylase: three-base deletion in mRNA causes nonketotic hyperglycinemia". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 174 (3): 1176–82. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91545-N. PMID 1996985.
  7. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: GLDC glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)".
  8. ^ Kikuchi G (2008). "The glycine cleavage system: reaction mechanism, physiological significance, and hyperglycinemia". Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci. 84 (7): 246–63. Bibcode:2008PJAB...84..246K. doi:10.2183/pjab.84.246. PMC 3666648. PMID 18941301.

Further reading

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