Francisca Fernández-Hall Zúñiga (12 April 1916 – 27 November 2001) was a Guatemalan engineer and diplomat. She was the first woman to graduate from the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the first woman in all of Central America to earn an engineering degree, the first woman to be accepted and to attend the Instituto Militar de Engenharia of Brazil, and the first female ambassador for Guatemala.
Francisca Fernández-Hall | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Francisca Fernández-Hall Zúñiga April 12, 1921 Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| Died | November 27, 2001 (aged 80) Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| Occupation(s) | engineer, diplomat |
| Years active | 1947–1981 |
Early life
editFrancisca Fernández-Hall Zúñiga was born on 12 April 1921[1][2] in Guatemala City, Guatemala, to the writer Francisco Fernández-Hall and Concepción Zúñiga Becker. She was one of five siblings, including Alicia, Haroldo,[3] María Teresa Fernández-Hall de Arévalo,[4] and Francisco Fernández-Hall, who was a journalist, teacher at the Colegio de San José de los Infantes, and served as Director of the Museum of History and Fine Arts.[5] Their mother died in 1926 and the children were raised by their father, who never remarried.[4]
Education
editShe earned a Bachelor of Science and Letters and a Master of Education before applying to the engineering faculty at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, where she was rejected.[1] Initially, she wanted to study law, but could not meet the entrance requirements.[6] She enrolled in the mathematics department and, after scoring a perfect score on an exam three months later, was admitted to the engineering program. She had the highest grade point average and graduated with her Civil Engineering degree in 1947, the first woman in all of Central America to earn a mathematics degree and graduate as an engineer from the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.[1][7][8] She won a scholarship to study engineering at the Instituto Militar de Engenharia (Military Engineering Institute) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the first woman ever accepted or to attend,[1] graduating in 1950 with a Construction Engineering degree.[1][9]
Career
editWhile she was working on her engineering degree, Fernández-Hall taught at Colegio Belga and the Instituto Normal Central para Señoritas Belén. When she moved to Brazil to continue her studies, she joined the foreign service and served as Cultural Attache for Guatemala.
After graduation, she had a lengthy diplomatic career, representing Guatemala in Greece, Israel and Costa Rica.[1] She was the first female ambassador of Guatemala[10] and was listed as the Chargé d'affaires to Israel in 1956 in the government yearbook.[11] While serving as ambassador in 1959, she helped musician Jorge Sarmientos launch his international career,[12] and in 1960 she met Golda Meir.[13] She attended and spoke on "the current status of engineers and scientists" at the first International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists in New York in 1964.[14] In 1975 Fernández-Hall transferred to Costa Rica,[15] where she served until 1981.[16] While in Israel, she served as Dean of the foreign diplomatic corps.[17]
Fernández-Hall died on 27 Nov 2001[1] and was buried in the General Cemetery in Guatemala City.[18]
Awards
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i Morang, J (9 July 2014). "Mujeres y la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala". Periódico Digital ECC (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ "Francisca Fernandez Hall 1916 - 2001 BillionGraves Record". BillionGraves. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
- ^ Fernández-Hall Zúñiga, Francisca. "Estado Actual del Abastecimiento de Agua en Guatemala" (PDF). Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ a b Mayorga, Roberto (3 June 2012). "Una mujer de valía". Revista D (in Spanish) (410). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Prensa Libre. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ Chaulón Vélez, Mauricio José. "La Hermandad del Señor Sepultado del templo de Santo Domingo, en la Ciudad de la Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, y sus niveles de relación con grupos de poder político y económico durante el siglo XX" (PDF). Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ Borrayo, Ana Patricia (November 2005). "Mujeres pioneras en la educación superior: primera mitad del siglo XX" (PDF). Revista Mujeres y Universidad (in Spanish). 1 (1). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Instituto Universitario de la Mujer de la Universidad de San Carlos: 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Chajón, Anibal. "La Universidad de San Carlos en la Historia de Guatemala" (PDF). Alta Vera Paz (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Centro de Estudios Folklóricos. p. 47. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^ Maldonado Batres, Miriam Ileana (November 2005). "Acciones con enfoque de género que promueve la Universidad de San Carlos (2000-2004)" (PDF) (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Instituto Universitario de la Mujer de la Universidad de San Carlos. p. 15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Concludentes de 1950 Conclusive 1950". Instituto Militar de Engenharia (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ Iversen Christensen, Martin. "Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership". 1. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
Content of www.guide2womenleaders.com: ...first female ambassadors for each country...
- ^ Israel Government Year-book. Israel: Government Printer. 1956. p. 308. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ^ Roldán, Ingrid (18 February 2001). "El maestro Jorge Sarmientos anuncia su retiro como director de orquesta" (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Prensa Libre. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1960). "FBIS white book". Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts (241–245): 72. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
- ^ "The Woman Engineer Vol 9". twej.theiet.org. Retrieved 2021-10-13.
- ^ Iversen Christensen, Martin. "Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership". Guide 2 Women Leaders. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ Amnesty International (1982). Report: First Special Meeting of the Inter-American Board of Agriculture. San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (IICA) Biblioteca: Centre Interamericano de Documentación e Información Agrícola. p. 61. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ "Memorial Day Observances Precede Israel's Celebration of Independence". Jerusalem: Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2 May 1968. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ Gularte, William (30 October 2014). "Viaje a la historia en el Cementerio General" (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: El Periódico. Archived from the original on 14 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ "Emprendedores". Prensa Libre (in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
- ^ "Reconocimiento al mérito". La Cuerda (in Spanish). Año 4 (41). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Asociación La Cuerda. December 2001. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2015.