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Forbes list of the most valuable football clubs

(Redirected from Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs)

This is a list of the richest association football clubs in the world as ranked by Forbes magazine on their worth in U.S. dollars.

Current rankings

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As of May 2024[1]

Rank
2024 		Rank
2023 		Team Country Value in
$ millions 		% change
on year 		Debt as
% of value 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income ($M)
1 1 Real Madrid   Spain 6,600 9 15 873 76
2 2 Manchester United   England 6,550 9 10 785 187
3 3 Barcelona   Spain 5,600 2 31 840 -145
4 4 Liverpool   England 5,370 2 3 719 102
5 5 Manchester City   England 5,100 2 0 869 147
6 6 Bayern Munich   Germany 5,000 3 0 781 84
7 7 Paris Saint-Germain   France 4,400 4 2 754 -126
8 9 Tottenham Hotspur   England 3,200 14 33 665 161
9 8 Chelsea   England 3,130 1 20 620 0
10 10 Arsenal   England 2,600 15 1 560 140
11 11 Juventus   Italy 2,050 -5 2 459 11
12 12 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 1,980 2 1 441 75
13 13 Atlético Madrid   Spain 1,600 4 7 382 20
14 14 Milan   Italy 1,430 1 0 405 81
15 17 LAFC   United States 1,200 20 11 140 9
16 15 West Ham United   England 1,100 2 6 289 66
17 - Inter Miami   United States 1,030 72 15 118 8
18 16 Internazionale   Italy 1,000 -3 44 398 39
19 18 LA Galaxy   United States 950 3 0 95 3
20 19 Atlanta United   United States 900 6 0 95 9

Past rankings

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Number one by year

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Year Team League Value (USD million)
2023   Real Madrid La Liga $6,070
2022 $5,100
2021   Barcelona $4,760
2020   Real Madrid $4,180
2019 $4,239
2018   Manchester United Premier League $4,123
2017 $3,690
2016   Real Madrid La Liga $3,645
2015 $3,260
2014 $3,440
2013 $3,300
2012   Manchester United Premier League $2,235
2011 $1,864
2010 $1,835
2009 $1,870
2008 $1,800
2007 $1,453

2023

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As of May 2023[2]

Rank
2023 		Rank
2022 		Team Country Value in
$ millions 		% change
on year 		Debt as
% of value 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income ($M)
1 1 Real Madrid   Spain 6,070 19 16 807 -38
2 3 Manchester United   England 6,000 30 11 779 108
3 2 Barcelona   Spain 5,508 10 13 721 53
4 4 Liverpool   England 5,288 19 2 793 129
5 6 Manchester City   England 4,990 18 0 815 175
6 5 Bayern Munich   Germany 4,860 13 0 739 133
7 7 Paris Saint-Germain   France 4,212 32 2 739 -219
8 8 Chelsea   England 3,100 0 0 642 35
9 10 Tottenham Hotspur   England 2,803 19 39 591 152
10 11 Arsenal   England 2,263 10 1 490 108
11 9 Juventus   Italy 2,160 -12 10 453 -90
12 12 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 1,928 7 0 403 91
13 13 Atlético Madrid   Spain 1,539 3 11 445 32
14 14 Milan   Italy 1,200 17 0 299 11
15 18 West Ham United   England 1,079 20 6 340 98
16 15 Internazionale   Italy 1,026 3 43 348 44
17 - LAFC   United States 1,000 - 0 116 8
18 - LA Galaxy   United States 925 - 0 98 4
19 - Atlanta United   United States 850 - 0 81 6
20 - Crystal Palace   England 806 - 0 214 22

2022

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As of May 2022[3]

Rank
2022 		Rank
2021 		Team Country Value in
$ millions 		% change
on year 		Debt as
% of value 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income ($M)
1 2 Real Madrid   Spain 5,100 7 11 761 90
2 1 Barcelona   Spain 5,000 5 15 692 -17
3 4 Manchester United   England 4,600 10 13 663 128
4 5 Liverpool   England 4,450 9 4 654 104
5 3 Bayern Munich   Germany 4,275 1 0 726 102
6 6 Manchester City   England 4,250 6 0 766 156
7 9 Paris Saint-Germain   France 3,200 28 3 661 -102
8 7 Chelsea   England 3,100 -3 0 586 45
9 11 Juventus   Italy 2,450 26 11 515 26
10 10 Tottenham Hotspur   England 2,350 2 45 483 127
11 8 Arsenal   England 2,050 -27 1 435 53
12 12 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 1,800 -5 0 402 20
13 13 Atlético Madrid   Spain 1,500 50 11 396 45
14 16 Milan   Italy 1,200 115 4 257 -16
15 14 Internazionale   Italy 1,000 35 41 393 3
16 15 Everton   England 940 43 13 259 -20
17 19 Leicester City   England 925 103 9 304 16
18 18 West Ham United   England 900 77 8 259 42
19 20+ Leeds United   England 800 - 0 229 51
20 20+ Aston Villa   England 750 - 0 236 12

2021

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As of April 2021[4][5]

Rank Team Country Value in
$ millions 		% change
on year 		Debt as
% of value 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income ($M)
1 Barcelona   Spain 4,760 18 6 792 62
2 Real Madrid   Spain 4,750 12 6 790 92
3 Bayern Munich   Germany 4,215 39 0 703 49
4 Manchester United   England 4,200 10 16 643 167
5 Liverpool   England 4,100 88 2 619 62
6 Manchester City   England 4,000 49 0 609 -2
7 Chelsea   England 3,200 24 0 520 35
8 Arsenal   England 2,800 23 7 430 47
9 Paris Saint-Germain   France 2,500 129 0 599 -5
10 Tottenham Hotspur   England 2,300 42 39 494 134
11 Juventus   Italy 1,950 29 16 441 -14
12 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 1,900 112 0 405 15
13 Atlético Madrid   Spain 1,000 5 26 368 62
14 Internazionale   Italy 743 11 8 323 13
15 Everton   England 658 38 0 235 15
16 Milan   Italy 559 -4 4 165 -92
17 Roma   Italy 548 -12 56 156 -108
18 West Ham United   England 508 -18 18 175 -24
19 Leicester City   England 455 - 17 189 -49
20 Ajax   Netherlands 413 - 2 172 2

2019

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As of May 2019[6][7]

Rank Team Country Value in
millions 		% change
on year 		Debt as
% of value 		Revenue ($M)
1 Real Madrid   Spain 4,239 4 1 896
2 Barcelona   Spain 4,205 -1 8 824
3 Manchester United   England 3,808 -8 19 795
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 3,024 -1 0 751
5 Manchester City   England 2,688 9 0 678
6 Chelsea   England 2,576 25 0 597
7 Arsenal   England 2,268 1 11 520
8 Liverpool   England 2,183 12 3 613
9 Tottenham Hotspur   England 1,624 4 4 511
10 Juventus   Italy 1,512 3 9 480
11 Paris Saint-Germain   France 1,092 12 0 646
12 Atlético Madrid   Spain 953 12 23 363
13 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 896 -1 0 379
14 Schalke 04   Germany 683 -3 12 291
15 Internazionale   Italy 672 11 50 335
16 Roma   Italy 622 1 41 298
17 West Ham United   England 616 -18 10 236
18 Milan   Italy 583 -5 42 248
19 Everton   England 476 32 0 254
20 Newcastle United   England 381 - 0 240

2018

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As of June 2018[8]

Rank Team Country Value
in millions 		Debt as
% of value[9] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Manchester United   England 4,123 18 12 737
2 Real Madrid   Spain 4,088 2 14 735
3 Barcelona   Spain 4,060 1 12 706
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 3,063 0 13 640
5 Manchester City   England 2,474 0 19 575
6 Arsenal   England 2,238 12 16 531
7 Chelsea   England 2,062 0 12 466
8 Liverpool   England 1,944 5 30 462
9 Juventus   Italy 1,472 6 17 442
10 Tottenham Hotspur   England 1,237 19 17 387
11 Paris Saint-Germain   France 917 0 16 529
12 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 901 0 12 362
13 Atlético Madrid   Spain 848 3 16 297
14 West Ham United   England 754 8 19 232
15 Schalke 04   Germany 707 11 12 251
16 Roma   Italy 618 44 9 191
17 Milan   Italy 612 101 -24 213
18 Internazionale   Italy 606 58 13 285
19 Leicester City   England 500 0 21 295
20 Napoli   Italy 471 0 24 219

2017

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As of June 2017[10]

Rank Team Country Value in
millions 		Debt as
% of value[11] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Manchester United   England 3,690 6 11 850
2 Barcelona   Spain 3,635 6 2 688
3 Real Madrid   Spain 3,580 3 -2 688
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 2,713 0 1 657
5 Manchester City   England 2,083 5 8 650
6 Arsenal   England 1,932 16 -4 572
7 Chelsea   England 1,845 0 11 583
8 Liverpool   England 1,492 7 -4 523
9 Juventus   Italy 1,258 7 -3 379
10 Tottenham Hotspur   England 1,058 17 4 377
11 Paris Saint-Germain   France 841 0 3 578
12 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 808 0 -3 315
13 Milan   Italy 802 73 -3 238
14 Atlético Madrid   Spain 732 9 16 234
15 West Ham United   England 634 11 17 213
16 Schalke 04   Germany 629 7 -4 249
17 Roma   Italy 569 3 -2 242
18 Internazionale   Italy 537 37 -4 199
19 Leicester City   England 413 0 - 191
20 Napoli   Italy 379 0 -4 158

2016

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As of May 2016[12]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] Debt as
% of value[11] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Real Madrid   Spain 3,645 3 12 694
2 Barcelona   Spain 3,549 2 12 675
3 Manchester United   England 3,317 20 7 625
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 2,678 0 14 570
5 Arsenal   England 2,017 17 54 524
6 Manchester City   England 1,921 0 40 558
7 Chelsea   England 1,661 0 21 505
8 Liverpool   England 1,548 5 58 471
9 Juventus   Italy 1,299 4 55 390
10 Tottenham Hotspur   England 1,017 2 69 310
11 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 836 0 19 338
12 Milan   Italy 825 32 6 240
13 Paris Saint-Germain   France 814 0 28 578
14 Schalke 04   Germany 655 21 15 264
15 Atlético Madrid   Spain 633 22 45 225
16 Internazionale   Italy 559 43 27 198
17 West Ham United   England 542 6 76 194
18 Roma   Italy 508 36 N/A 217
19 Napoli   Italy 396 0 12 151
20 Newcastle United   England 383 0 10 104

2015

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As of May 2015[14]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] Debt as
% of value[15] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Real Madrid   Spain 3,260 4 -5 746
2 Barcelona   Spain 3,160 3 -1 657
3 Manchester United   England 3,100 20 10 703
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 2,350 0 27 661
5 Manchester City   England 1,380 0 60 562
6 Chelsea   England 1,370 0 58 526
7 Arsenal   England 1,310 30 -2 487
8 Liverpool   England 982 10 39 415
9 Juventus   Italy 837 9 -2 379
10 Milan   Italy 775 44 -9 339
11 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 700 6 17 355
12 Paris Saint-Germain   France 634 0 53 643
13 Tottenham Hotspur   England 600 9 17 293
14 Schalke 04   Germany 572 0 -1 290
15 Internazionale   Italy 439 56 -9 222
16 Atlético Madrid   Spain 436 53 33 231
17 Napoli   Italy 353 0 19 224
18 Newcastle United   England 349 0 N/A 210
19 West Ham United   England 309 12 N/A 186
20 Galatasaray   Turkey 294 17 -15 220

2014

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As of May 2014[16]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] % change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Real Madrid   Spain 3,440 4 675
2 Barcelona   Spain 3,200 23 627
3 Manchester United   England 2,810 -11 551
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 1,850 41 561
5 Arsenal   England 1,331 0 370
6 Chelsea   England 868 -4 394
7 Manchester City   England 863 25 411
8 Milan   Italy 856 -9 343
9 Juventus   Italy 850 22 354
10 Liverpool   England 691 8 313
11 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 599 31 333
12 Schalke 04   Germany 580 16 258
13 Tottenham Hotspur   England 514 -1 224
14 Internazionale   Italy 483 20 219
15 Paris Saint-Germain   France 415 N/A 518
16 Galatasaray   Turkey 347 N/A 204
17 Atlético Madrid   Spain 328 33 156
18 Hamburger SV   Germany 326 9 176
19 Roma   Italy 307 19 162
20 Napoli   Italy 296 -10 156

2013

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As of April 2013[17]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] % change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Real Madrid   Spain 3,300 76 650
2 Manchester United   England 3,165 61 502
3 Barcelona   Spain 2,600 99 613
4 Arsenal   England 1,326 3 368
5 Bayern Munich   Germany 1,309 6 468
6 Milan   Italy 945 -4 326
7 Chelsea   England 901 18 409
8 Juventus   Italy 694 17 248
9 Manchester City   England 689 56 362
10 Liverpool   England 651 5 296
11 Tottenham Hotspur   England 520 -8 226
12 Schalke 04   Germany 498 -15 221
13 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 456 11 240
14 Internazionale   Italy 401 -18 236
15 Lyon   France 368 -4 167
16 Corinthians   Brazil 358 - 119
17 Napoli   Italy 330 17 188
18 Hamburger SV   Germany 300 -15 154
19 Marseille   France 285 -18 167
20 Newcastle United   England 263 9 146

2012

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As of April 2012[18]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] % change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Manchester United   England 2,235 5 532
2 Real Madrid   Spain 1,877 34 695
3 Barcelona   Spain 1,307 34 653
4 Arsenal   England 1,292 8 364
5 Bayern Munich   Germany 1,235 12 466
6 Milan   Italy 989 18 341
7 Chelsea   England 761 16 362
8 Liverpool   England 619 12 295
9 Juventus   Italy 591 -6 223
10 Schalke 04   Germany 587 56 293
11 Tottenham Hotspur   England 564 37 262
12 Internazionale   Italy 490 11 307
13 Manchester City   England 443 52 246
14 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 394 52 197
15 Lyon   France 385 8 193
16 Hamburger SV   Germany 355 4 187
17 Roma   Italy 354 38 208
18 Marseille   France 349 26 218
19 Valencia   Spain 288 - 169
20 Napoli   Italy 283 - 167

2011

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As of April 2011[19]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] % change
on year 		Revenue ($M)
1 Manchester United   England 1,864 1 428
2 Real Madrid   Spain 1,451 10 537
3 Arsenal   England 1,192 1 336
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 1,048 6 396
5 Barcelona   Spain 975 -2 488
6 Milan   Italy 838 5 289
7 Chelsea   England 658 2 313
8 Juventus   Italy 628 -4 251
9 Liverpool   England 552 -33 276
10 Internazionale   Italy 441 7 275
11 Tottenham Hotspur   England 412 11 179
12 Schalke 04   Germany 377 -2 171
13 Lyon   France 358 8 179
14 Hamburger SV   Germany 340 3 179
15 Manchester City   England 291 13 153
16 VfB Stuttgart   Germany 281 0 141
17 Werder Bremen   Germany 279 2 147
18 Marseille   France 277 6 173
19 Atlético Madrid   Spain 275 6 153
20 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 260 -1 124

2010

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As of April 2010[20][21][22]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] Debt as
% of value[23] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income ($m)[24]
1 Manchester United   England 1,835 46 -2 459 150
2 Real Madrid   Spain 1,323 54 -2 563 130
3 Arsenal   England 1,181 41 -2 369 102
4 Barcelona   Spain 1,000 58 4 513 113
5 Bayern Munich   Germany 990 14 -11 406 61
6 Liverpool   England 822 47 -19 304 37
7 Milan   Italy 800 0 -19 276 41
8 Juventus   Italy 656 3 9 285 57
9 Chelsea   England 646 8 -19 340 -73
10 Internazionale   Italy 413 0 12 276 -14
11 Schalke 04   Germany 384 50 -25 175 -7
12 Tottenham Hotspur   England 372 29 -16 186 35
13 Lyon   France 333 10 -21 196 5
14 Hamburger SV   Germany 329 0 0 206 41
15 Roma   Italy 308 0 -19 205 25
16 Werder Bremen   Germany 274 0 -6 161 24
17 Marseille   France 262 0 9 187 19
18 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 261 32 -20 145 8
19 Manchester City   England 258 0 -17 143 -56
20 Newcastle United   England 198 8 -30 142 -49

2009

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As of April 2009[25]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] Debt as
% of value[23] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income ($m)[24]
1 Manchester United   England 1,870 54 4 512 160
2 Real Madrid   Spain 1,353 23 5 576 81
3 Arsenal   England 1,200 107 0 349 80
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 1,110 0 21 465 59
5 Liverpool   England 1,010 59 -4 332 50
6 Milan   Italy 990 0 24 330 58
7 Barcelona   Spain 960 43 22 487 108
8 Chelsea   England 800 92 5 424 -13
9 Juventus   Italy 600 5 18 264 46
10 Schalke 04   Germany 510 38 9 234 41
11 Tottenham Hotspur   England 445 29 12 228 70
12 Lyon   France 423 18 4 245 94
13 Roma   Italy 381 9 -12 276 69
14 Internazionale   Italy 370 77 -8 272 27
15 Hamburger SV   Germany 330 0 13 202 44
16 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 325 33 1 183 9
17 Manchester City   England 310 0 62 164 -16
18 Werder Bremen   Germany 292 0 12 177 27
19 Newcastle United   England 285 96 -5 198 -13
20 VfB Stuttgart   Germany 264 0 not reported 176 18
21 Aston Villa   England 240 10 26 150 1
21 Marseille   France 240 0 28 200 20
23 Celtic   Scotland 218 14 -4 145 11
24 Everton   England 207 49 5 151 14
25 Rangers   Scotland 194 86 not reported 128 15

2008

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As of April 2008[26]

Rank Team Country Value ($M)[13] Debt as
%of value[23] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income($m)[24]
1 Manchester United   England 1,800 60 24 394 111
2 Real Madrid   Spain 1,285 27 24 474 112
3 Arsenal   England 1,200 43 31 329 77
4 Liverpool   England 1,050 65 131 269 60
5 Bayern Munich   Germany 917 0 9 302 72
6 Milan   Italy 798 0 -3 307 54
7 Barcelona   Spain 784 27 47 392 92
8 Chelsea   England 764 0 42 382 -5
9 Juventus   Italy 510 5 -10 196 35
10 Schalke 04   Germany 470 48 0 154 36
11 Roma   Italy 434 12 94 213 48
12 Tottenham Hotspur   England 414 15 70 207 64
13 Lyon   France 408 7 19 190 15
14 Internazionale   Italy 403 0 -27 207 21
15 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 323 57 63 122 31
16 Newcastle United   England 300 43 16 175 12
17 Hamburger SV   Germany 293 0 32 163 41
18 Werder Bremen   Germany 262 0 n/a 131 11
19 Valencia   Spain 254 159 31 145 -45
20 Celtic   Scotland 227 11 23 151 48
21 Everton   England 197 30 24 103 -1
22 West Ham United   England 195 23 25 115 -22
23 Manchester City   England 191 63 -8 114 27
24 Aston Villa   England 190 12 36 106 -40
25 Marseille   France 187 0 19 134 13
  • Manchester United increased from $1.2 billion to $1.8 billion still remaining at top. While Real Madrid remains second due to an increase of $400 million. Arsenal also remain third after an approximate increase of $350 million.

2007

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This is the list released in March 2007.[27]

# Team Country Value ($M)[13] Debt as
%of value[23] 		% change
on year 		Revenue ($M) Operating
income($m)[24]
1 Manchester United   England 1,453 84 6 310 92
2 Real Madrid   Spain 1,036 10 2 000 83
3 Arsenal   England 915 53 9 246 20
4 Bayern Munich   Germany 838 0 9 262 62
5 Milan   Italy 824 0 -10 305 46
6 Juventus   Italy 567 17 -18 321 45
7 Internazionale   Italy 555 n/a 10 264 26
8 Liverpool   England 537 28 6 283 -37
9 Barcelona   Spain 535 12 22 331 12
10 Schalke 04   Germany 471 53 45 157 37
11 Chelsea   England 454 18 28 225 37
12 Lyon   France 343 n/a 65 163 10
13 Newcastle United   England 260 46 -14 159 11
14 Tottenham Hotspur   England 243 0 27 137 9
15 Roma   Italy 224 0 -15 162 53
16 Hamburger SV   Germany 221 n/a n/a 130 31
17 Manchester City   England 208 83 -6 114 9
18 Borussia Dortmund   Germany 199 126 61 114 1
19 Ajax   Netherlands 196 0 13 95 9
20 Celtic   Scotland 185 14 18 106 -8
21 Everton   England 165 32 34 107 -15
22 Marseille   France 157 n/a n/a 105 6
23 West Ham United   England 156 27 n/a 111 6
24 Rangers   Scotland 147 7 32 113 12
25 Aston Villa   England 140 16 16 91 -21

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "2024 World's most valuable soccer teams". Forbes. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  2. ^ "World's most valuable soccer teams". Forbes. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  3. ^ "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2022: Real Madrid, Worth $5.1 Billion, Is Back On Top". Forbes. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  4. ^ "The Business of Soccer - Full List". Forbes. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  5. ^ Ozanian, Mike (12 April 2021). "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams: Barcelona Edges Real Madrid To Land At No. 1 For First Time". Forbes. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
  6. ^ Ozanian, Mike (29 May 2019). "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2019: Real Madrid Is Back On Top, At $4.24 Billion". Forbes. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  7. ^ "2019 Ranking – The Business of Soccer". Forbes. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  8. ^ Ozanian, Mike. "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2018". Forbes. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  9. ^ "The Business Of Soccer". Forbes. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  10. ^ Ozanian, Mike. "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2017". Forbes. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  11. ^ a b "The business of Soccer". Forbes. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  12. ^ Nick DeSantis (11 May 2016). "The 20 Most Valuable Soccer Teams Of 2016, Visualized". Forbes.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Estimated by Forbes based on past transactions, market value, debt, and stadium.
  14. ^ Mike Ozanian (6 May 2015). "Real Madrid Tops Ranking Of The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  15. ^ "The business of Soccer". Forbes. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  16. ^ Mike Ozanian (7 May 2014). "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  17. ^ Mike Ozanian (2 March 2014). "Soccer's Most Valuable Teams: At $3.3 Billion, Real Madrid Knocks Manchester United From Top Spot". Forbes. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  18. ^ Dan Bigman (19 April 2012). "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  19. ^ Dan Bigman (20 April 2011). "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  20. ^ "The Business Of Soccer". Forbes.com. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  21. ^ "Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes.com. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 25 April 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  22. ^ "Most Valuable Soccer Teams". Forbes.com. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  23. ^ a b c d Includes stadium debt
  24. ^ a b c d Revenue before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
  25. ^ "2009 Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  26. ^ "2008 Soccer Team Valuations". Forbes.com. 30 April 2008. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  27. ^ "Soccer Team Valuations - Forbes.com". www.forbes.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
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