English: Tolkien's influences in creating his Middle-earth Prose, Poetry, and Artworks included his profession, philology; his religion, Christianity; mythology, especially Northern; Old English poetry, including Beowulf; and his own early experience and skills.
Stuart D. Lee, A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien, Wiley 2020: Philology 13-14 Christianity 446-460 Mythology 244-258 Old English 217-229 Modern literature 350-366 War 461-472 Invented languages 202-214 Art 487-472 Poetry 173-188
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