DescriptionKārlis Johansons c1920 "Gleichgewichtkonstruktion" ("Equilibrium-structure"), a Study in Balance.jpg
English: Kārlis Johansons' c.1920 "Study in Balance" is a proto-tensegrity sculpture. David Georges Emmerich (1988) reported that the first proto-tensegrity system, called "Gleichgewichtkonstruktion" ("Equilibrium-structure"), was created by Kārlis Johansons in 1920. It was a structure of three bars and seven cords with an eighth cable without tension that interactively altered the configuration while maintaining equilibrium. This configuration was very similar to his own proto-system invention, the "Elementary Equilibrium", with three struts and nine cables. Regardless, the absence of pre-stress, a key characteristic of tensegrity systems, does not allow this particular Kārlis Johansons “sculpture-structure” to be considered one of the first tensegrity structures.
Kārlis Johansons is also known as:
Kārlis Johansons (Latvian), birth
Карл Вольдемарович Иогансон or Karl Voldemarovich Ioganson (Russian), partial residence
Karlis Johansons or Karl Johannson (English)
Karl Ioganson (German)
Karel Ioganson (Greek)
sometimes translated by hand or bot as Iogansons, Johanson, Johannson, Johanssons, Johannsons, Johanssons, Johnsons, or Carl
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