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File:Choline metabolism.svg

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Summary

Description
English: Main pathways of choline (Chol) metabolism, synthesis and excretion.

All of the substrates and products of PC→Chol, 3PG→PE and DimethylGly→Glycine are not shown.

Black: main substrates/products

  • 3PG: 3-phosphoglycerate
  • CDP-Chol: cytidine diphosphate-choline
  • Chol: choline
  • xGly: methylglycine (sarcosine), dimethylglycine and trimethylglycine (betaine)
  • GlyBA: glycine betaine aldehyde
  • HCys: homocysteine
  • PC: phosphatidylcholine
  • PChol: phosphocholine
  • PE: phosphatidylethanolamine
  • SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine
  • SAM: S-Adenosyl methionine

Gray: side substrates/cofactors/other

  • ADP: adenosine diphosphate
  • ATP: adenosine triphosphate
  • B12: cobalamin
  • CMP: cytidine monophosphate
  • CTP: cytidine triphosphate
  • CoA: (acetyl-)coenzyme A
  • DAG: diglyceride
  • NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
  • PPi: pyrophosphate
  • THF: (methyl-)tetrahydrofolate

Red: enzymes

  • BADH: betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, EC 1.2.1.8
  • BHMT: betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.5
  • CK: choline kinase, EC 2.7.1.32
  • CPCT: choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.15
  • CPT: diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase, EC 2.7.8.2
  • ChAT: choline acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6
  • ChOx: choline oxidase, EC 1.1.3.17
  • MS: methionine synthase, EC 2.1.1.13
  • PEMT: phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.17
  • PLs: phospholipases
  • SAHase: adenosylhomocysteinase, EC 3.3.1.1

Purple: PEMT pathway

Blue: CDP-choline pathway

Adapted from (with added details):

Date
Source Own work
Author 5-HT2AR

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