The Social Movement Tricolour Flame (Italian: Movimento Sociale Fiamma Tricolore, MSFT), commonly known as Tricolour Flame (Fiamma Tricolore), is a neo-fascist[1] political party in Italy.
Tricolour Flame Fiamma Tricolore | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Secretary | Daniele Cerbella |
| President | Francesco Condorelli Caff |
| Honorary President | Carlo Morganti |
| Founder | Pino Rauti |
| Founded | 27 January 1995 |
| Split from | Italian Social Movement |
| Headquarters | Largo Rosolino Pilo 14, Catania |
| Youth wing | Youth of the Flame |
| Membership (2020) | 650 |
| Ideology | Neo-fascism Ultranationalism Italian nationalism Hard Euroscepticism Anti-Americanism Anti-Zionism Anti-capitalism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| European affiliation | Alliance of European National Movements |
| Chamber of Deputies | 0 / 400 |
| Senate | 0 / 200 |
| European Parliament | 0 / 73 |
| Regional Councils | 0 / 897 |
| Website | |
| fiammatricolore.org | |
History
editThe party was started by the more radical members of the Fascist Italian Social Movement, led by Pino Rauti, who refused to join the mainstream conservative party National Alliance. Rauti was later succeeded by Luca Romagnoli, who took over leadership.
In the 2004 European Parliamentary Election the party gained enough votes in the Southern constituency to elect Luca Romagnoli to the European Parliament. The party was then a member of the House of Freedoms coalition for the 2006 general election.
In the coming of the 2008 general election, Tricolour Flame formed a joint list called The Right–Tricolour Flame with The Right of Francesco Storace, a splinter group of National Alliance, in support of the candidacy of Daniela Santanchè for Prime Minister.
On 8 November 2013, Luca Romagnoli, secretary of Tricolour Flame, together with the secretary of The Right Francesco Storace, the regent of Future and Freedom Roberto Menia, the leader of I the South Adriana Poli Bortone, Domenico Nania of the association New Alliance, Oreste Tofani of the association Nazione Sovrana, Antonio Buonfiglio of the association Il Popolo della Vita and Roberto Buonasorte, editor of the online newspaper Il Giornale d'Italia, founded the Movement for National Alliance, a federation of right movements inspired to National Alliance. On 9 December 2013 the Central Committee of Tricolour Flame distrusted Luca Romagnoli, because he joined this initiative without having preventively sought the opinion of the same Committee, and Attilio Carelli became regent Secretary of the party. After the expulsion Romagnoli founded instead his new political movement, Social Right.[2]
On 13 and 14 December 2014, the VII National Congress officially appointed Carelli as Secretary of the party.
For the 2018 general election, it formed the Italy for the Italians coalition along with the New Force party. At 2019 European Parliamentary Election the party decides not to participate.
On 12 September 2021, the Central Committee of the party declared the Secretary Carelli officially lapsed due to the failure to present the budget for the year 2020. The same Central Committee, on 6 October 2021 conferred the mandate of Regent Secretary to Giuseppe Manoli.[3]
On 15 and 16 January 2022, the IX National Congress took place entirely on the Zoom platform, on this occasion Daniele Cerbella was elected as National Secretary.[4]
Ideology
edit
Tricolour Flame is the party of the Italian far-right most closely tied to the legacy of Italian Social Republic (RSI). The RSI is usually seen by the party as the example of what fascism should have been, in particular as an example of true welfare state. As a sign of this legacy, the party, for example, guarantees free membership for ex-RSI military.[5] A press release from the Rome section of the party states:
Tricolour Flame is a movement born just to remark its own ideal proximity to the Social Republic and its fighters. A Republic on which side we would surely have fought, if only the fate would have let us born these years. And we should have surely fought to win, because for us the political synthesis originated from the thought of Benito Mussolini is for us the only political, economical and spiritual system able to bring the freedom and social justice that are today denied to Italians and all other world populations. ... [We] relaunch our battle for a better tomorrow, embodying the ideals of the Black Shirts of Alessandro Pavolini.[6]
Tricolour Flame maintains a fairly strong anti-capitalist stance, and it can be thought to be the Italian party closest to third positionist ideology along with the New Force and CasaPound parties.[citation needed]
Recently Tricolour Flame has been peculiar, among Italian neo-fascist organizations, in actively trying to attract the young masses and renewing its political practices and communication techniques in a more modern, innovative fashion. Political manifests often tend towards attractive, modern graphics and clear-cut, even humorous slogans. Tricolour Flame is also very close to youth far-right organizations and initiatives, of which the most relevant is CasaPound, a social centre in Rome.[citation needed]
The party is against the regionalism promoted by the Northern League for an independent "Padania", instead favoring a united Italy.[citation needed]
Membership
editAmong the more controversial members of Tricolur Flame are Pietro Puschiavo and Maurizio Boccacci.[7] In 1985 Puschiavo was a founding member of the Veneto Skinheads Front, a far-right skinhead group based in Veneto and connected to Blood and Honour. Boccacci is the former leader of the Western Political Movement, a far-right skinhead organization based in Rome.[8]
Election results
edit| Chamber of Deputies | |||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 339,351 | 0.91 | 0 / 630
|
–
|
|
| 2001 | 143,963 | 0.39 | 0 / 630
|
–
|
|
| 2006 | 230,506 | 0.60 | 0 / 630
|
–
|
|
| 2008 | into The Right–Tricolour Flame | 0 / 630
|
–
|
||
| 2013 | 44,753 | 0.13 (#22) | 0 / 630
|
–
|
|
| 2018 | into Italy for the Italians | 0 / 630
|
–
|
||
| Senate of the Republic | |||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 747,487 | 2.29 | 1 / 315
|
–
|
|
| 2001 | 340,221 | 1.00 | 1 / 315
|
 |
|
| 2006 | 204,498 | 0.60 | 0 / 315
|
 1 |
|
| 2008 | into The Right–Tricolour Flame | 0 / 315
|
–
|
||
| 2013 | 52,106 (#21) | 0.17 | 0 / 630
|
–
|
|
| 2018 | into Italy for the Italians | 0 / 630
|
–
|
||
| European Parliament | |||||
| Election year | # of overall votes |
% of overall vote |
# of overall seats won |
+/– | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 496,030 (#15) | 1.60 | 1 / 87
|
–
|
|
| 2004 | 237,058 (#15) | 0.73 | 1 / 78
|
–
|
|
| 2009 | 246,403 (#10) | 0.80 | 0 / 72
|
1 |
|
Leadership
edit- Secretary: Pino Rauti (1995–2002), Luca Romagnoli (2002–2013), Attilio Carelli (2013–2021), Giuseppe Manoli (2021–2022), Daniele Cerbella (2022–present)
- President: Romolo Sabatini (1995–2000), Stelvio Dal Piaz (2000–2002), Pino Rauti (2002–2004), Rocco Tauro (2004–2013), Attilio Carelli (2013–2014), Francesco Condorelli Caff (2014–present)
- Honorary President: Manlio Sargenti (1995–2001), Alessandro Bordoni (2013–2018), Carlo Morganti (2018–present)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (2007). Political Institutions in Italy. Oxford University Press. pp. 40–. ISBN 978-0-19-928470-2. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ Al via la Destra sociale di Romagnoli
- ^ "Veleni nella Fiamma Tricolore, Personè: "Al tribunale di Catania pendono due liti. Io Poli Bortone eravamo missini quando Giannini vestiva i pantaloncini corti"". Corriere Salentino. April 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
- ^ "Tivoli – Daniele Cerbella segretario nazionale di Fiamma Tricolore". Tiburno.Tv. 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ :: Fiamma Tricolore :: Sito ufficiale :: Appuntamenti
- ^ Fiamma Tricolore Roma
- ^ "Fiammatricolore | Inspirasi Nyata menuju Hidup Cerdas". Archived from the original on 7 June 2005.
- ^ Stephen Roth Institute: Antisemitism And Racism Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine