Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory

The Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory was a territory in the southern part of Italian Libya which was occupied and administered by Free France from 1943 until Libya gained independence in 1951. It was part of the allied occupation of Libya.

Military Territory of Fezzan-Ghadames
Territoire militaire du Fezzan-Ghadamès (French)
إقليم فزان-غدامس العسكري (Arabic)
1943–1951
Map of Libya during World War II, showing Fezzan
Map of Libya during World War II, showing Fezzan
StatusFrench Military Administration (1943–1950)
French civil administration (1950–1951)
CapitalSabha
Common languagesItalian, French, Arabic
GovernmentMilitary Administration
Governor 
• 1943
Raymond Delange
• 1943–1945
Robert Thiriet
• 1946–1947
Pierre Florimond
• 1947–1949
Maurice Sarazac
• 1949–1950 (acting)
Jacques Leneveu
• 1950–1951
Maurice Sarazac[a]
• 1951–1953
Auguste Cauneille[b]
Hakim 
• 1946–1950
Ahmad Sayf an-Nasr
Historical eraCold War
• Free French occupation
8 January 1943
• Established
11 April 1943
10 February 1947
• UN administration
10 December 1949
• Joined Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to form the Kingdom of Libya (with autonomy)
24 December 1951
• Autonomy ended
27 April 1963
CurrencyAlgerian franc[1]
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Italian Libya
Kingdom of Libya
Today part ofLibya

Free French forces from French Chad occupied the area that was the former Italian Southern Military Territory in 1943,[2] and made several requests to annex Fezzan administratively to France's North African possessions.

The British administration began the training of a badly needed Libyan civil service. Italian administrators continued to be employed in Tripoli, however. The Italian legal code remained in effect for the duration of the war. In the lightly populated Fezzan region, a French military administration formed a counterpart to the British operation. With British approval, Free French forces moved north from Chad to take control of the territory in January 1943. French administration was directed by a staff stationed in Sabha, but it was largely exercised through Fezzan notables of the family of Sayf an Nasr. At the lower echelons, French troop commanders acted in both military and civil capacities according to customary French practice in the Algerian Sahara. In the west, Ghat was attached to the French military region of southern Algeria and Ghadamis to the French command of southern Tunisia – giving rise to Libyan nationalist fears that French intentions might include the ultimate detachment of Fezzan from Libya.[3]

Fezzan joined Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to form the Kingdom of Libya on 24 December 1951. It was the first country to achieve independence through the United Nations and one of the first former European possessions in Africa to gain independence.

Notes

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  1. ^ Symes, Peter. "The Libyan Currency Commission". Archived from the original on 2014-05-08.
  2. ^ "Libya – Fezzan". World Statesmen.org.
  3. ^ Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). "Libya: Allied Administration".
 
Inauguration of a stele commemorating the capture of Sebha by the Free French Forces in 1943