Fayyum Fragment

The Fayyum Fragment (Papyrus Vindobonensis Greek 2325 [P. Vienna G. 2325]) is a papyrus fragment containing text that could be from part of the New Testament, and consists of only about 100 Greek letters. The fragment was originally discovered in Al-Fayyum, Egypt, and was translated in 1885 by Gustav Bickell after it was found in the papyrus collection of Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria in Vienna.

The surviving manuscript is badly damaged and has fewer than a hundred Greek letters preserved.^[1] Because of its style of handwriting it is believed to have been copied around the end of the third century.^[2] The text seems to parallel Mark 14:26–31, appearing to present a more abbreviated account. It is unclear whether the fragment is an abridged version of the synoptic gospels, or a source text on which they were based, perhaps the apocryphal Gospel of Peter.^[3]

Text

Papyrus Vindobonensis 2325^[4]
Greek	Translation
...ε]ξαγειν ως ε[ι]πε[ν] οτι, Α[παντες] [εν ταυτη] τη νυκτι σκανδαλισ[θησεσ-] [θε κατα] το γραφεν· Παταξω τον [ποιμε-] [να, και τα] προβατα διασκορπισθησ[ονται. ει-] [ποντος το]υ Πετ{ρου}· Και ει παντες, ο[υκ εγω....] [...Ι{ησου}ς· Πρι]ν αλεκτρυων δις κοκ[κυσει τρις] [...με α]παρν[ηση.]	...l]ead out, when he s[a]i[d]: A[ll] of you [on this] night will be scandaliz[ed] [according to] what is written: I shall strike the [shep-] herd and the] sheep shall be scatter[ed. When] [said] Pet{er}: Even if all, n[ot I....] [...J{esu}s: Befor]e a cock twice cr[ows, thrice] [you will d]en[y me].

Reconstruction

Textual comparison with the texts in the three synoptic gospels leads to the above reconstruction of missing letters:

Κατὰ Ματθαίον, 26: 30-34	Κατά Μάρκον, 14: 26-30	Fragment	Κατά Λουκάν, 22: 34, 39
Καὶ ὑμνήσαντες ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸ Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν. Τότε λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Πάντες ὑμεῖς σκανδαλισθήσεσθε ἐν ἐμοὶ ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ, γέγραπται γάρ· Πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ διασκορπισθήσονται τὰ πρόβατα τῆς ποίμνης. μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με προάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν. ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Εἰ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται ἐν σοί, ἐγὼ οὐδέποτε σκανδαλισθήσομαι. ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ὅτι ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ πρὶν ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι τρὶς ἀπαρνήσῃ με.	Καὶ ὑμνήσαντες ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸ Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν. Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ὅτι· Πάντες σκανδαλισθήσεσθε, ὅτι γέγραπται, Πατάξω τὸν ποιμένα, καὶ τὰ πρόβατα διασκορπισθήσονται· ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με προάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν. ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἔφη αὐτῷ· Εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐγώ. καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ὅτι σὺ σήμερον ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ πρὶν ἢ δὶς ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ.	...ε]ξαγειν ως ε[ι]πε[ν] οτι, Α[παντες] σκανδαλισ[θησεσ-][θε [εν ταυτη] τη νυκτι κατα] το γραφεν· Παταξω τον [ποιμε-][να, και τα] προβατα διασκορπισθησ[ονται. το]υ Πετ{ρου}· ει-] [ποντος Και ει παντες, ο[υκ εγω....] [...Ι{ησου}ς· Πρι]ν αλεκτρυων δις κοκ[κυσει τρις] [...με α]παρν[ηση.]	Καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἐπορεύθη κατὰ τὸ ἔθος εἰς τὸ Ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν: ἠκολούθησαν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ μαθηταί. ὁ δὲ εἶπεν, Λέγω σοι, Πέτρε, οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρ ἕως τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι.

Textual source

Stanley E. Porter and Wendy J. Porter, New Testament Greek Papyri and Parchments. Vol. 1: Text; Vol. 2: Plates, Mitteilungen aus der Papyrussammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek (MPER) XXX (Berlin; New York: de Gruyter, 2008).

References

^ Bernhard, Andrew. Other Early Christian Gospels: A Critical Edition of the Surviving Greek Manuscripts. Library of New Testament Studies (315). London: T&T Clark, 2007. XIV-158 pages. ISBN 0-567-04568-4.
^ J. K. Elliott. The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation. Oxford University Press, 2005, 774 pages. ISBN 0-19-826181-0 , ISBN 978-0-19-826181-0.
^ Das Evangelium nach Petrus. Text, Kontexte, Intertexte. Edited by Thomas J. Kraus and Tobias Nicklas. (Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur. Archiv für die Ausgabe der Griechischen Christlichen Schiftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte (TU), 158.) VIII-384 pages. Berlin–New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2007. ISBN 978-3-11-019313-8.
^ Gospel Parallels, A Comparison of the Synoptic Gospels, 5th ed. Burton H. Throckmorton, Jr. editor. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1992). ISBN 0-8407-7484-2

External links

Early Christian Writings

[1] Bernhard, Andrew. Other Early Christian Gospels: A Critical Edition of the Surviving Greek Manuscripts. Library of New Testament Studies (315). London: T&T Clark, 2007. XIV-158 pages. ISBN 0-567-04568-4.

[2] J. K. Elliott. The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation. Oxford University Press, 2005, 774 pages. ISBN 0-19-826181-0 , ISBN 978-0-19-826181-0.

[3] Das Evangelium nach Petrus. Text, Kontexte, Intertexte. Edited by Thomas J. Kraus and Tobias Nicklas. (Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur. Archiv für die Ausgabe der Griechischen Christlichen Schiftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte (TU), 158.) VIII-384 pages. Berlin–New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2007. ISBN 978-3-11-019313-8.

[4] Gospel Parallels, A Comparison of the Synoptic Gospels, 5th ed. Burton H. Throckmorton, Jr. editor. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1992). ISBN 0-8407-7484-2

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