Wikipedia

Taiwan Space Agency

(Redirected from FORMOSAT)
This article is about a space agency in Taiwan (the Republic of China). For the space administrative office in Mainland China, see China National Space Administration.

Taiwan Space Agency (short as TASA), formerly the National Space Organization (NSPO) from 1991 to 2023, is the national civilian space agency of the Taiwan, under the auspices of the National Science and Technology Council. TASA is involved in the development of space technologies and related research.[1]

Taiwan Space Agency
國家太空中心
Guójiā Tàikōng Zhōngxīn
Taiwan Space Agency Logo
Agency overview
AbbreviationTASA
Former nameNational Space Organization
FormedOctober 1991; 33 years ago (1991-10)
(as National Space Program Office)
1 April 2005; 19 years ago (2005-04-01)
(as National Space Organization)
TypeSpace agency
JurisdictionTaiwan
HeadquartersHsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu
AdministratorWu Jong-shinn, Director General
Primary spaceportJiu Peng Air Base, Pingtung County
Xuhai Rocket Launch Site, Pingtung County
EmployeesRoughly 300
Annual budgetNT$10 billion dollars (2023)
Websitewww.tasa.org.tw/index.php?ln=en Edit this at Wikidata
Taiwan Space Agency
Traditional Chinese國家太空中心
Simplified Chinese国家太空中心
Literal meaningNational Space Centre
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuójiā Tàikōng Zhōngxīn
Southern Min
Hokkien POJKok-ka Thài-khong Tiong-sim

Organization

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TASA headquarters and the main ground control station are in Hsinchu. In April 2022, the Legislative Yuan passed a bill that upgraded the NSPO to a directly affiliated agency of the National Science and Technology Council, and renamed Taiwan Space Agency.[2] The TASA is organized as follows:[3]

Director General's Office
Engineering division Systems
Electrical
Mechanical
Flight control
Satellite operations control
Satellite image
Integration and test
Product assurance
Division Planning and promotion
Administration
Finance and accounting
Program office Mission oriented projects
Formosat 7
Formosat 5

TASA also has numerous laboratories,[4] such as:

  • System Simulation Laboratory
  • Thermal Control Laboratory
  • Microwave Communication Laboratory
  • Data Processing Laboratory
  • Attitude Determination and Control Laboratory
  • Electro-optics Laboratory
  • Structure Development Laboratory
  • Electrical Power Laboratory
  • Multi-layer Insulation (MLI) Laboratory

History

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Taiwanese sounding rocket launch

1991

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  • 10/03
    The Executive Yuan approved the "Space Technology Long Term (15 years) Developmental Program"; established National Space Program Office.[5]

1994

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  • 09/09
    Held a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of Satellite Integration & Test Building[5]
  • 11/01
    Signed a frequency coordination contract with a US company Telecom Strategies[5]
  • 12/12
    Signed a ground system contract with the US company Allied Signal Technical Service Corponation (ATSC)[5]

1996

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  • 06/30
    The completion of the five domestic component engineering model development; start the manufacture of flight unit.[5]

1997

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  • 04/25
    Held a FORMOSAT-1 antenna installment ceremony at Tainan National Cheng Kung University.[5]
  • 05/16
    The Spacecraft Bus was delivered to the Satellite Integration & Test Building of National Space Program Office from Los Angeles, USA[5]
  • 07/11
    The Vice President Lien officiated the opening ceremony of the Satellite Integration & Test Building.[5]

1998

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  • 06/21
    National Science Council announced the result for the "Naming and Drawing Competitions", and finalized that the satellite will be named "FORMOSAT-1" [5]
  • 10/07
    The completion of FORMOSAT-1 satellite system integration and tests.[5]

1999

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  • 01/27
    FORMOSAT-1 was being launched into the orbit and started executing its scientific missions.[5]
  • 02/13
    The Ocean Color Imager of FORMOSAT-1 took its first ocean color image.[5]
  • 03/16
    Dr Wong Hung-Chih took on the Director General position of the National Space Program Office.[5]
  • 06/30
    Held a contract signing ceremony for the FORMOSAT-2 X-band antenna system.[5]
  • 12/15
    The commencement of the development of FORMOSAT-2.[5]

2018

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  • 02/01
    Dr. Chun-Liang Lin took on the Director General position of National Space Organization[5]
  • 02/23
    President Tsai Meets with FORMOSAT-5 Satellite Team[5]
  • 08/03
    President of the Executive Yuan Ching-te Lai inspected FORMOSAT-7 preparation[5]
  • 09/21
    FORMOSAT-5 Imagery Service Begins[5]

2019

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  • 02/21
    President Ing-wen Tsai Visited NSPO[5]
  • 06/25
    FORMOSAT-7 satellites launched into space by SpaceX on Falcon Heavy[5]
  • 07/17
    FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 successfully observed the first Radio Occultation profile[5]

2020

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  • 03/07
    FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 atmospheric data were released[5]
  • 04/30
    FORMOSAT-3 constellation Completes its Mission with Honor[5]

2021

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  • 01/24
    YUSAT and IDEASSAT CubeSats launched[5]
  • 02/03
    Formosat-7 constellation deployment was completed[5]
  • 05/31
    "Space Development Act" Passes Legislature's 3rd Reading[5]
  • 08/02
    professor of NCTU and head of Advanced Rocket Research Center Jong-Shin Wu established as new manager of NSPO[6]
  • 09/30
    Taiwanese seeds return from space[7][8]
  • 10/27
    signs contract on collaboration with NanoAvionics[9][10][11][12][13][14]

2023

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The organization is placed under the direct oversight of the National Science and Technology Council and renamed the Taiwan Space Agency.[15][16] The Chinese name was not changed.[17]

Taiwanese rocket launch program

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TASA developed sounding rocket based on the Sky Bow II surface-to-air missile with added booster. There have been 10 launches as of 2024, with 9 successful flights.[18]

Mission Date Payload Result
SR-I 15 December 1998 None Successful first test flight[19]
SR-II 24 October 2001 Tri-Methyl Aluminum (TMA) release experiment Second stage ignition failure, mission lost[19]
SR-III 24 December 2003 Tri-Methyl Aluminum (TMA) Mission successful[19]
SR-IV 14 December 2004 Airglow photometer, GPS receiver Mission successful[19]
SR-V 15 January 2006 Ion probe, 3-axis magnetometer Mission successful[19]
SR-VI 13 September 2007 Hydrazine-fueled reaction control system, recovery capsule Mission successful, capsule lost in the sea due to bad weather conditions[19]
SR-VII 10 May 2010 Ion probe Mission successful[19][20]
SR-VIII 5 June 2013 Hydrogen peroxide reaction control system, recovery capsule Mission successful[18]
SR-IX 26 March 2014 Ion probe Mission successful[18]
SR-X 7 October 2014 Ion probe Mission successful[18]

Taiwanese designed and built satellites

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Formosat (formerly ROCSAT)

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The FORMOSAT (福爾摩沙衛星) name derived from Formosa and satellite (formerly ROCSAT (中華衛星), an abbreviation of Republic of China and satellite.

  • Formosat-1 (formerly ROCSAT-1): Communications and ionospheric research satellite, launched in January 1999.
  • Formosat-2 (formerly ROCSAT-2): Ionospheric research and surface mapping satellite, launched May 2004.
  • Formosat-3/COSMIC: Constellation of six microsatellites to perform GPS occultation studies of the upper atmosphere. Collaborative project with US agencies including NASA, NOAA and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, launched in April 2006.
  • Formosat-5: Optical earth observation and magnetic field research as a successor to the Japanese Reimei mission. Cooperation with Japan and Canada. Launch was originally planned for 2011,[21] it was launched in 2017.[22]
  • Formosat-6 was a micro satellite project, its development was cancelled.[23]
  • Formosat-7 is a group of 6 satellites in low inclination orbits to provide meteorology data at low and mid latitudes.[24] Launch took place in June 2019.
  • Triton, The FORMOSAT-7R (TRITON) is a micro-satellite designed and manufactured by NSPO. It is planned along with the FORMOSAT-7 program, thus it continues to use FORMOSAT serial number and subjoins a letter "R" for identification. Known as the "wind hunter" the satellite will measure sea winds and provide a supplement to the FORMOSAT-7 constellation. The name "Triton" is given due to its mission.[25] Triton was launched on October 8, 2023, by Arianespace SA from the Kourou launch complex in French Guiana. The Triton satellite will be 87% Taiwanese made, an improvement from the Formosat-7's 78%.[26][27]

Others

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  • YamSat: Series of picosatellites (volume 1000 cubic cm, weight roughly 850 grams) designed to carry out simple short duration spectroscopy missions.[28] Originally planned for launch in 2003 by a Russian launch vehicle but cancelled due to political pressure from the Russian government.[29]
  • Arase: JAXA mission to study the inner magnetosphere, launched 2016. Taiwan provided an instrument.
  • RISESAT: microsatellite developed by Tohoku University, Japan, launched in 2019. Taiwan provided an instrument.[30]
  • Flying Squirrel, developed by National Central University and launched in 2021.[31]
  • Yushan, developed by MoGaMe Mobile Entertainment and launched in 2021.[31]

Planned missions

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  • Triton, The FORMOSAT-7R (TRITON) is a micro-satellite designed and manufactured by NSPO. It is planned along with the FORMOSAT-7 program, thus it continues to use FORMOSAT serial number and subjoins a letter "R" for identification. Known as the "wind hunter" the satellite will measure sea winds and provide a supplement to the FORMOSAT-7 constellation. The name "Triton" is given due to its mission.[25] Triton is to be launched in 2021 by Arianespace SA from the Kourou launch complex in French Guiana. The Triton satellite will be 87% Taiwanese made, an improvement from the Formosat-7's 78%.[26]
  • Formosat-8, remote sensing satellite planned to follow Triton.[26]
  • Formosat-8B, a remote sensing satellite. It also has a science payload called Gamma-ray Transients Monitor(GTM).[32] It is the first astronomical satellite by TASA.
  • Nut, developed by National Formosa University. To be launched in June 2021.[31]

Developments and long term plans

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The first phase of Taiwan's space program involves the development of the human and technological resources required to build and maintain three satellite programs, which is expected to be completed with the launch of Formosat-3/COSMIC by the end of 2005. Currently, the spacecraft and instrumentation are designed and assembled in Taiwan by local and foreign corporations and shipped to the U.S. for launch by commercial space launch firms. TASA, the military, and Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology have also been working on the development of a sounding rocket for upper atmospheric studies.[citation needed]

The second phase is scheduled to take place between 2006 and 2018. It will involve an emphasis on developing technological integration and miniaturization capabilities required for the development of constellations of microsatellites, as well as encouraging growth in the local aerospace industry.[citation needed]

Since 2009, TASA has been working with university research teams in developing innovative technology to improve the overall efficiency of hybrid rockets. Nitrous oxide/HTPB propellant systems were employed with efficiency boosting designs, which resulted in great improvements in hybrid rocket performance using two patented designs. So far, several hybrid rockets have been successfully launched to 10~20 km altitudes, including a demonstration of in-flight stops/restarts. By the end of 2014, they will attempt conducting suborbital experiments to 100~200 km altitude.[citation needed]

There have been proposals to elevate NSPO's status to that of a national research institute, however such plans were under debate Legislative Yuan as of late 2007.[citation needed]

In 2019 the Ministry of Science and Technology announced an expected cost of NT$25.1 billion (US$814 million) for the third phase of the National Space Program.[33] The third phase will see at least one satellite launched per year between 2019 and 2028.[34]

In August 2019 Thailand's Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency announced that they would consult with TASA on developing their own indigenous satellites.[35]

In 2021 the Taiwanese legislature passed the Space Development Promotion Act which is meant to incentivize increased private sector participation in space industries.[36]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "About NSPO | Vision and Mission". Nspo.narl.org.tw. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  2. ^ Wang, Yang-yu; Teng, Pei-ju (April 19, 2022). "Taiwan's legislature clears bill to upgrade national space agency". Central News Agency. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  3. ^ "About NSPO | Organization". Nspo.narl.org.tw. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  4. ^ "About NSPO | Infrastructures". Nspo.narl.org.tw. Archived from the original on March 17, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "NSPO History Timeline". NSPO.
  6. ^ "火箭阿伯扭轉太空夢國研院太空中心主任佈達". nspo news.
  7. ^ "Taiwan seeds return from space!". NSPO.
  8. ^ "上太空的台灣種子回來了!". nspo news.
  9. ^ "臺灣與立陶宛展開太空科技合作". nspo news.
  10. ^ "MOU Signed Between Taiwan and Lithuania to Initiate Space Technology and S&T cooperation". nspo news.
  11. ^ 江, 睿智. "我太空中心與立陶宛NanoAvionics 簽MOU". udn.com.
  12. ^ "臺灣與立陶宛展開太空科技合作". most global.
  13. ^ "開啟太空科技合作起點！台灣、立陶宛簽署合作備忘錄". tw.news.yahoo.com. October 28, 2021.
  14. ^ "台灣立陶宛簽合作備忘錄 先導計畫發展商用太空科技". NCU research.
  15. ^ "Taiwan Space Agency receives upgraded status". Taiwan Today. January 3, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  16. ^ Yen, William (January 6, 2023). "Taiwan's space agency rebrands as TASA after official upgrade". Central News Agency. Retrieved January 7, 2023. Republished as: "Taiwan Space Agency renamed after upgrade". Taipei Times. January 7, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  17. ^ Chen, Chia-yi; Hetherington, William (January 2, 2023). "Space agency renamed TASA in official overhaul". Taipei Times. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  18. ^ a b c d McDowell, Jonathan C. (November 13, 2024). "Launch List - By Family - NSPOB". www.planet4589.org. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g Chern, Jeng-Shing; Wu, Bill; Chen, Yen-Sen; Wu, An-Ming (2012). "Suborbital and low-thermospheric experiments using sounding rockets in Taiwan". Acta Astronautica. 70: 159–164. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.030. ISSN 0094-5765.
  20. ^ "美寶落格 MEPO Log - 文章在 週一, 五月 10. 2010". Mepopedia.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  21. ^ "Plasma/particle instruments and Japan-Taiwan collaboration for the Geospace magnetosphere/ionosphere explorations" (PDF). Masafumi Hirahara. October 21, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  22. ^ "FORMOSAT 5". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  23. ^ "FORMOSAT 6". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  24. ^ "FORMOSAT -7". www.nspo.narl.org.tw. Archived from the original on December 7, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  25. ^ a b Hui-ju, Chien (November 17, 2019). "Second satellite to launch in Guyana in last half of 2021". www.taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. Retrieved November 17, 2019.
  26. ^ a b c Strong, Matthew (November 15, 2019). "France's Arianespace wins bid to launch Taiwan satellite in 2021". www.taiwannews.com.tw. Taiwan News. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  27. ^ Chung, Yu-chen (October 9, 2023). "Taiwan's first domestic Triton weather satellite launches". Focus Taiwan. Central News Agency. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  28. ^ YamSat Program Archived August 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, National Space Organization
  29. ^ "YamSat 1A, 1B, 1C". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  30. ^ Clark, Stephen. "Japan's Epsilon rocket launches seven tech demo satellites". /spaceflightnow.com. Pole Star Publications Ltd. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  31. ^ a b c Ssu-yun, Su; Mazzetta, Matthew (January 24, 2021). "SpaceX rocket carries two Taiwanese satellites into space". focustaiwan.tw. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  32. ^ Chang, Hsiang-Kuang; Lin, Chi-Hsun; Tsao, Che-Chih; Chu, Che-Yen; Yang, Shun-Chia; Huang, Chien-You; Wang, Chao-Hsi; Su, Tze-Hsiang; Chung, Yun-Hsin; Chang, Yung-Wei; Gong, Zi-Jun; Hsiang, Jr-Yue; Lai, Keng-Li; Lin, Tsu-Hsuan; Lu, Chia-Yu (January 15, 2022). "The Gamma-ray Transients Monitor (GTM) on board Formosat-8B and its GRB detection efficiency". Advances in Space Research. 69 (2): 1249–1255. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2021.10.044. ISSN 0273-1177.
  33. ^ Sherry Hsiao, Chien Hui-ju (February 14, 2019). "Ministry announces third phase of space program". taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  34. ^ Matthew, Strong (February 13, 2019). "Taiwan to launch one satellite a year over the next decade". taiwannews.com. Taiwan News. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  35. ^ Pei-ju, Teng (August 29, 2019). "Thailand seeks consultation with Taiwan on domestically built satellite". www.taiwannews.com.tw. Taiwan News. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  36. ^ Staff Writer. "Taiwan eyes aerospace, focus on LEO satellites". www.taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
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