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FC Dynamo Kyiv

(Redirected from FC Dynamo Kiev)

Football Club Dynamo Kyiv, also known as FC Dynamo Kiev, Dynamo Kyiv, Dynamo Kiev, or simply Dynamo, (Ukrainian: Футбольний клуб «Динамо» Київ, pronounced [dɪˈnɑmo ˈkɪjiu̯]) is a Ukrainian professional football club based in Kyiv. Founded in 1927 as a Kyivan football team of republican branch of the bigger Soviet Dynamo Sports Society, the club as a separate business entity was officially formed only in 1989 and currently plays in the Ukrainian Premier League, and has never been relegated to a lower division. The club has secured brand rights from the Ukrainian Dynamo society and has no direct relations to the sports society since 1989. Their home is the 70,050 capacity Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex.

Dynamo Kyiv
Full nameФутбольний клуб «Динамо» Київ
Football Club Dynamo Kyiv
Nickname(s)Біло-сині (The Blue & Whites)
Founded13 May 1927; 97 years ago (1927-05-13)
GroundValeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium
Capacity16,873
OwnerIhor Surkis (63.71%)[1]
Investment Fund "Sports Capital" (23%)[1]
Alutsiana Commercial Ltd (Cyprus) (11.26%)[1]
Dynamo (.66%)[1]
Leonid Kravchuk (.66%)[1]
Svitlana Lobanovska (.72%)[1]
PresidentIhor Surkis[1]
Head coachOleksandr Shovkovskyi[2]
LeagueUkrainian Premier League
2023–24Ukrainian Premier League, 2nd of 16
Websitefcdynamo.com
Current season

Since 1936, Dynamo Kyiv has spent its entire history in the top league of Soviet and later Ukrainian football. Its most successful periods are associated with Valeriy Lobanovskyi, who coached the team during three stints, leading them to numerous domestic and European titles. In 1961, the club became first-ever in the history of Soviet football that managed to overcome the total hegemony of Moscow-based clubs in the Soviet Top League. The Spartak Moscow–Dynamo Kyiv rivalry that began in the mid-1970s, is widely considered to have been one of the most exciting football rivalries in the Soviet Union.[3] Since becoming the first Soviet football club to participate in UEFA competition in 1965, Dynamo Kyiv has played in European competitions almost every season.

Over its history, Dynamo Kyiv have won 16 Ukrainian top-flight league titles, 13 Soviet top-flight league titles, 11 Ukrainian national cup competitions, 9 Soviet national cup competitions, and three continental titles (including two UEFA Cup Winners' Cups). Its two European Cup Winners' Cups make it one of the only two Soviet clubs to have won a UEFA trophy, the other being Dinamo Tbilisi. The Dynamo Kyiv first team became a base team for the Soviet Union national football team in the 1970–1980s and the Ukraine national football team in the 1990–2000s. The two stars on the club's crest each signify 10 top-flight seasons Dynamo Kyiv won. The club was recognised as the Eastern European Club of the 20th Century by France-Presse.

History

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Early history

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Dynamo Kyiv in 1928
See also: Dynamo (Ukraine) and Dynamo Sports Club

Today's club was established based on the first squad of Kyiv's branch of the all-Union Dynamo sports society and its republican branch in the Ukrainian SSR, originally based out of Kharkiv. The Soviet government relocated capital to Kyiv in 1934. The all-Union Dynamo sports society was a sports department of the Soviet state security KGB, originally Cheka-OGPU. During the Soviet period Dynamo's players same as players of all Dynamos in the Soviet Union were officially Soviet uniform servicemembers earning rank, salary, and pension when playing on the team of masters.

On 13 May 1927, the statute of the Kyivan Proletarian Sport Society (PST) Dynamo was officially registered by the special commission in affairs of public organizations and unions of the Kyiv district.[4] The All-Union sport society of Dynamo in Moscow was formed earlier in 1923 on the initiative of the Felix Dzerzhinsky. A year later the first Ukrainian branch cell of the Dynamo sports society was formed in Kharkiv. Under the banner of Kyivan Dynamo gathered the representatives of the local GPU (State Political Directorate), the Soviet secret police, the best footballers of which defended the honors of the Trade Union club "Sovtorgsluzhashchie", a portmanteau for Soviet retail servicemen.[5] It was a common practice of the early Soviet sports societies that were formed based on already existing "pre-revolutionary" (1917 Bolshevik Revolution) sports societies in 1920s.

The leadership of Dynamo did not dare to reorganize the well-established club and the main title contender in the middle of a playing season. Therefore, the first mention of the football club Dynamo could only be found on 5 April 1928 in the Russian-language newspaper (at that time) Vecherniy Kiev ("Evening Kyiv").

The Kyivan Sport Society Dynamo currently is organizing its own football team. "Dynamo" petitioned to Okrsofik for inclusion of its team in the playing season.

It was then when by the initiative of Semyon Zapadny, chief of the Kyiv GPU, the football team was created. His deputy, Sergei Barminsky, started to form the team not only out of regular chekists (members of the Soviet secret police), but also footballers of other clubs in the city among which is mentioned a team "Sovtorgsluzhaschie".[6] All the footballers were either part of the consolidated city team or the city champions. The newly created team played its first official match on 1 July 1928 against a local consolidated city team while visiting Bila Tserkva.[4] Already on the fifth minute the Dynamo-men opened the score in the game, however, at the end the club lost it 1–2.[7] On 15 July, the Bila Tserkva newspaper Radyanska Nyva ("Soviet Fields") put it in such words:

In the second halftime Bila Tserkva easily strikes the ball in the net, thus, equalizing the score. Kyiv tried several counter attacks and even earned a free kick which was not able to convert. Near the end Bila Tserkva under the applause of thousands of spectators strikes in the second ball. The final whistle of the referee has fixated the victory of Bila Tserkva with the score 2:1.

The next match played by Dynamo was on 17 July 1928 hosting another Dynamo from the port city of Odesa.[4] The match ended in draw 2:2. At the end of July Dynamo toured Belarus playing against the republican team of Belarus (1:5) and the districtal team of Gomel District (3:2). On 1 September 1928 Dynamo Kyiv was hosting the Dynamo's primary team from Moscow and were thrashed 2:6. It was then Dynamo Kyiv was led by a playing coach Vasyl Boiko whose role is indicated as an instructor-organizer. Later in October 1928 Dynamo Kyiv took part in its first official tournament the 1928 Kyiv city championship and won it. On 18 November 1928 Dynamo Kyiv overpowered the Kyiv's main football team of that period, Zheldor, 1:0.

As the club gained more experience and played on a regular basis, it started to fill the stadium with spectators with both the club and football in general gaining popularity in Soviet Ukraine.

On 14 September 1929 Dynamo Kyiv played its first international match against visiting workers' team from Deutsch-Wagram, Lower Austria and lost it 3:4.

Its club stadium Dynamo opened on 12 June 1933,[4] a year before the Soviet government turned the city into capital of the Soviet Ukraine.

During the Soviet era, the club was one of the main rivals, and often the only rival, to football clubs from Moscow. Its ability to challenge the dominance of the Moscow clubs in Soviet football, and frequently defeat them to win the Soviet championship, was a matter of national pride for Ukraine. Leaders of the Ukrainian SSR unofficially regarded the club as their national team and provided it with generous support, making Dynamo a professional team of international importance.

In 1936, the first Soviet Championship was played, and Dynamo Kyiv was one of the pioneers of the newly formed league. The club's early successes were however limited to a second-place finish in 1936 and third place in 1937. In the 1941 season, the club only played nine matches as World War II interrupted league play.

The Death Match

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Main article: The Death Match
 
Poster of the return match

The propaganda story is often told of how the Dynamo team, playing as "Start, City of Kyiv All-Stars", was executed by a firing squad in the summer of 1942 for defeating an All-Star team from the German armed forces by 5–1. The actual story, as recounted by Y. Kuznetsov, is considerably more complex. Still, this match has subsequently become known in the Soviet media as "The Death Match".

After the Nazi occupation of Ukraine began, former professional football players (Dynamo and Lokomotyv) found employment in the city's Bakery No. 3, and continued to play amateur football. The team participated in exhibition games that took place in the city among various other teams including teams composed of the Wehrmacht soldiers. The Kyiv's team played under the name of "Start", comprising eight players from Dynamo Kyiv (Nikolai Trusevych, Mikhail Svyridovskiy, Nikolai Korotkykh, Oleksiy Klymenko, Fedir Tyutchev, Mikhail Putistin, Ivan Kuzmenko, Makar Honcharenko) and three players from Lokomotyv Kyiv (Vladimir Balakin, Vasyl Sukharev and Mikhail Melnyk).

In July and August 1942, "Start" played a series of matches against the Germans and their allies. On 12 July, a German army team was defeated. A stronger army team was selected for the next match on 17 July, which "Start" defeated 6–0. On 19 July, "Start" defeated the Hungarian team MSG Wal 5–1. The Hungarians proposed a return match, held on 26 July, but were defeated again, 3–2.

"Start"'s streak was noticed and a match was announced for 6 August against a "most powerful" "undefeated" German Luftwaffe Flakelf (anti-aircraft artillery) team, but despite the game being talked up by the newspapers, they failed to report the 5–1 result. On 9 August, "Start" played a "friendly" against Flakelf and again defeated them. The team defeated Rukh 8–0 on 16 August, and afterwards, some of "Start"'s players were arrested by the Gestapo, tortured – Nikolai Korotkykh died during the torture – and sent to the nearby labour camp at Syrets. There is speculation that the players were arrested due to the intrigues of Georgy Shvetsov, founder and trainer of the "Rukh" team, as the arrests were made in a couple of days after "Start" defeated "Rukh".

In February 1943, following an attack by partisans or a conflict of the prisoners and administration, one-third of the prisoners at Syrets were killed in reprisal, including Ivan Kuzmenko, Oleksey Klymenko and goalkeeper Nikolai Trusevich. Three of the other players – Makar Honcharenko, Fedir Tyutchev and Mikhail Sviridovskiy – who were in a work squad in the city that day, were arrested a few days later or, according to other sources, escaped and hid in the city until it was liberated.

The story inspired three films: the 1961 Hungarian film drama Two Half Times in Hell, the 1981 American film Escape to Victory and the 2012 Russian film Match.

Road to the first championship title: 1944–1963

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Only on 2 May 1944, after the return of Soviet regime, a friendly match between Dynamo Kyiv and Spartak Moscow took place at the Dynamo Stadium. From the pre-war (World War II) team there remained Anton Idzkovsky, Mykola Makhynia, Petro Laiko, Pavlo Vinkovatov, Mykola Balakin, Kostyantyn Kalach, including those who participated in the 1942 matches Makar Honcharenko and former Lokomotyv Kyiv players Volodymyr Balakin, Vasyl Sukharev.

In the first post-war years, all those who remained in the team were already quite old to play on the first team. Although in those years Dynamo Kyiv was joined by a whole group of younger footballers from Transcarpathian clubs (Vasyl Hodnychak, Ernest Yust, Zoltan Dyerfi, Zoltan Senhetovskyi, Mykhailo Koman, Dezyderiy Tovt and others), the team still could not really compete with other clubs, who endured the war better. In 1945, Dynamo took the penultimate place in the championship, and in 1946 - the very last, and, according to the regulations, it was supposed to be relegated, but an exception was made for the team, remembering the wartime losses. In addition, these events were accompanied by coaching fever: from 1946 to 1951, the club changed ten coaches.

The first post-war success was the victory in the doubles (reserves) tournament in the 1949 season. Since 1946 the Soviet first tier league was conducting championship among younger players which ran parallel to the championship among the first squads.

The turning point came during the 1951 season, before which Oleg Oshenkov took charge of the club. The new coach introduced to the main team younger players who had proven themselves well in doubles (reserves) competitions, also he drastically shortened the winter vacation of his players, offering them a serious physical training program that included sports games, various exercises and even boxing. Already in the next championship, which took place in one round robin in Moscow, it brought the first results. Dynamo Kyiv turned from a mid-table team into one of the favorites, winning the silver medals, just behind Spartak Moscow.

Oshenkov's players achieved their first big victory during the 1954 Soviet Cup. On the way to the finals, the Kyiv team defeated Spartak Vilnius (4:2), Spartak Moscow (3:1), CDKA (3:1, in extra time), Zenit Leningrad (1:0, in extra time). In the cup's final at Moscow's "Dynamo Stadium", the Kyiv's team faced off with a poorly known (at that time) Spartak Yerevan. The match took place in heavy rain and fog, but all the same, the Kyivans were able to defeat their opponents and win the Soviet Cup for the first time in their history.[8] In the final match took part following players Oleg Makarov (goalkeeper), Arkadiy Larionov, Vitaliy Golubyev, Tiberiy Popovich, Oleksandr Koltsov, Mykhaylo Mykhalyna, Volodymyr Bohdanovych, Viktor Terentiev (substitute with Pavlo Vinkovatov), Andrei Zazroyev (captain), Mykhaylo Koman, Viktor Fomin and Oleg Oshenkov as a head coach. Goals in the final were scored by Terentiev and Koman.

On 29 July 1959, an international friendly match between the football teams "Dynamo" (Kyiv, Ukraine) and "Dynamo"[a] (Bacău, Romania) took place in Kyiv, which ended with a score of 3:0.[9]

At the end of the 1950s, the Dynamo revamped its squad. The club left Yevhen Lemeshko, Leonid Ostroushko, Ernest Yust, Mykola Romanov, Yuriy Shevchenko, Vitaliy Sobolev. The club's ranks were refilled with Serhiy Bohachyk, Ishtvan Sekech, Valeriy Lobanovskyi, Yevhen Snitko, Andriy Havashi, Vasyl Turyanchyk, Yozhef Sabo, while, a well-known former CDKA player (the "Team of Lieutenants"), Vyacheslav Solovyov became the head coach. The 1960 season brought to the Kyivans the "silver".

In the 1961 season, Dynamo won the Soviet Union championship for the first time. The team from the capital of the Ukrainian SSR finished ahead of Torpedo Moscow (title holders) by 4 points. Dynamo Kyiv played 30 matches in the national championship (16 participants). Only three of those matches Dynamo lost and nine ended in a draw. The fact that they scored as many as 54 goals in 30 games testifies to the strength of the Dynamo's offensive line, where played such players like Oleh Bazylevych, Viktor Kanevskyi, Valeriy Lobanovskyi, Viktor Serebryanikov. And about the strength of the defensive line - the fact that the experienced goalkeeper Oleg Makarov never had to take the ball out of the net in 12 matches. It was the first time in the history of the Soviet Union championships, when the national title of the country's champion was gained by a non-Moscow club.[10]

The first Dynamo gold medals received:[11]
(first number indicates games played, second - goals scored (or allowed))

After the triumphant season of 1961, in the following two seasons, Dynamo's position significantly worsened. In 1962, the team took 5th place, and the following year - 7th.

Last Soviet years

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See also: Dynamo (Ukraine)

In 1989, the club transitioned into an independent company being disassociated from the Ukrainian republican society of Dynamo.[12] The club transitioned from the Soviet "team of masters" to a regular professional football club of "western" style as it was interpreted then. It also was part of the Mikhail Gorbachev's Perestroika reforms known as Khozrasschyot when state enterprises had difficult time to keep their associate organizations afloat and encouraged them to reorganize into self-sustained businesses.[13][14]

During the last seasons of the Soviet Top League, it competed in the national colors of Ukraine as part of the national movement that grew very popular.

Ukrainian Independence

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Valeriy Lobanovskyi, the most successful coach in club history

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the club became a member of the newly formed Ukrainian Premier League. By the summer of 1993, however, the club was in crisis as the economic policy of Dynamo president Viktor Bezverkhy set Dynamo on the path to bankruptcy. On 19 July 1993, an extraordinary assembly of coaches and players fired Bezverkhy and established a stock society called "Football Club "Dynamo (Kyiv)". Hryhoriy Surkis was elected president of the new company. The republican and city councils of the Dynamo society agreed to hand over two training centers and Dynamo Stadium to Dynamo Kyiv. The founders besides the football team and the Dynamo councils became also the commercial consulting centre Slavutych and the British firm Newport Management. A review board was created, consisting of directors of the Ministry of Interior of Ukraine, and the Security Service, Border Troops, and General Prosecutor of Ukraine.

Dynamo's status as the country's principal club did not change, however, as they went on to dominate domestic competitions, winning or being runner-up in every year of the Premier League's existence and becoming a fixture in the UEFA Champions League. Its main rival in Ukraine is Shakhtar Donetsk, a club from the Donbas region, that came second to Dynamo several times before winning its first Premier League in 2002. The matches between these two sides are called the Ukrainian derby.

In 2007, as a part of club's 80-year anniversary, two gold stars were added to the top of the crest, representing ten Ukrainian championship titles and ten USSR champion titles. Due to club's poor performance in the UEFA Champions League during the last two seasons, Dynamo's management took a somewhat unexpected decision by appointing the first foreign manager in the club's history. Previously, only former players or Dynamo football academy graduates became managers, but in December 2007 Russian coach Yuri Semin was invited to become the new manager of Dynamo Kyiv. However, the club yielded to Shakhtar Donetsk in both the Ukrainian Cup and Premier League in 2008. In 2009. in the club's most successful European campaign since 1999, it reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup (eliminating such teams as Valencia and Paris Saint-Germain) but was defeated at that stage by Shakhtar Donetsk. However, 2009 also brought success, as the club celebrated its 13th Premier League title.

In a season which contained their record win, a 9–0 victory over Illichivets Mariupol, the club only managed to finish runners-up in the league in 2010–11, after Shakhtar Donetsk. In what would be icon Andriy Shevchenko's final season at the club, Dynamo also finished as runners-up in 2011–12. In the 2011–12 season Dynamo also managed to reach the group stage of the Europa League after being eliminated in the Champions League third qualifying round by Rubin Kazan by 0–2 in Kyiv and 2–1 in Kazan. In the Europa League playoffs, the club managed to defeat Litex Lovech with a 3–1 aggregate score. In the group stage, Dynamo finished third after a disappointing campaign in a group containing Beşiktaş, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Stoke City.

In April 2013, it was announced the club would play two European ties behind closed doors due to racism from fans during previous European ties. In the 2012–13 season, the club managed to qualify for the Champions League group stage after eliminating Feyenoord 3–1 and Borussia Mönchengladbach 4–3 on aggregate and qualified for the Champions League group stage. Dynamo was placed in a group with Paris Saint-Germain, Porto and Dinamo Zagreb and finished in third place with only five points and was eliminated in the Europa League round of 32 by Bordeaux 2–1 on aggregate. In the Premier League, Dynamo finished third, whereas in the Cup, it was eliminated in the round of 32. Overall, the 2012–13 season was a disappointment for Dynamo. The 2013–14 season was an equally disappointing season as Dynamo finished in fourth place in the league, the worst since the establishment of the Premier League and only managed to reach the round of 32 in the Europa League where it was eliminated by Valencia 2–0 on aggregate. Oleh Blokhin was sacked and was replaced by former player Serhii Rebrov. As a result, Dynamo managed to win the 2013–14 Ukrainian Cup for the first time in five years.[15]

Dynamo's revival

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Serhii Rebrov, former player and manager of the team from 2014 to 2017

In the beginning of the 2014–15 season, Dynamo signed many promising players such as Aleksandar Dragović, Jeremain Lens (departed after end of the season), Łukasz Teodorczyk and Vitorino Antunes. Under Rebrov, Dynamo won the 2014–15 Ukrainian Premier League – undefeated – and the 2014–15 Ukrainian Cup to earn a domestic double for the first time in eight years. In the 2014–15 Europa League, Dynamo comfortably qualified from a group containing Aalborg BK, Steaua București and Rio Ave, finishing in first place with 15 points. In the round of 32, the club eliminated Guingamp 4–3 on aggregate, and in the round of 16, eliminated Everton 6–4 on aggregate after a spectacular 5–2 performance in Kyiv. Rebrov prioritized the passing game but focused on solid defensive foundations. However, in the quarter-finals of the Europa League, Dynamo was eliminated by Fiorentina 3–1 on aggregate.

In the beginning of the 2015–16 season, Dynamo signed the highly talented Derlis González and was drawn in Group G of the 2015–16 Champions League alongside Chelsea F.C., FC Porto and Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. Dynamo finished in second place with 11 points after a spectacular performance and a memorable 0–2 in Porto. However, Dynamo was punished by UEFA for a racist incident in the home game against Chelsea where four black men were attacked in the stands by Dynamo fans.

Despite this, Dynamo reached the round of 16 in the Champions League for the first time since 2000, where it was drawn with Manchester City. Dynamo was eliminated 1–3 on aggregate but managed to hold an impressive 0–0 draw in Manchester. Dynamo's domestic performance was equally memorable as the club celebrated the 2015–16 Ukrainian Premier League only losing to archrival Shakhtar Donetsk 0–3 twice and was eliminated in the quarter-finals of the 2015–16 Ukrainian Cup. At the end of the season, several star performers (such as Miguel Veloso, Aleksandar Dragović, Younès Belhanda and Łukasz Teodorczyk) departed the club and were not replaced.

Stagnation period

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Mircea Lucescu, manager of the team from 2020 to 2023

The 2016–17 season was a relative disappointment for Dynamo, as the club finished in second place in the 2016–17 Ukrainian Premier League, behind Shakhtar Donetsk, with a difference of 13 points after a string of disappointing results. In the 2016–17 Champions League, the club was drawn in Group B alongside Napoli, Benfica and Beşiktaş J.K. Dynamo finished in fourth place after a dismal campaign, but managed to record a memorable 6–0 win over Beşiktaş in Kyiv. In the winter transfer window, Dynamo signed promising defenders Aleksandar Pantić and Tamás Kádár and focused on youth academy talents such as Viktor Tsyhankov, Artem Besyedin and Volodymyr Shepelyev, managing to improve its performances. Dynamo lost the 2016–17 Ukrainian Cup to Shakhtar Donetsk 0–1 in the final.

For the 2017–18 season, after Serhii Rebrov departed, the club appointed former player Alyaksandr Khatskevich as Rebrov's replacement. In Khatskevich's first two seasons at the helm, Dynamo failed to qualify for the UEFA Champions League group stage, having to settle for the UEFA Europa League group stage instead. Both times they were eventually eliminated in the Round of 16, first by S.S. Lazio (2–4 on aggregate) in 2017–18, and then by Chelsea F.C. (0–8 on aggregate) in 2018–19. Domestically, Dynamo remained firmly in second place behind Shakhtar Donetsk in the Ukrainian Premier League. Despite the apparent lack of progress in the results, Khatskevich was rewarded with a two-year contract extension.[16]

However, only six matches into his new extension, Khatskevich was fired on 14 August 2019,[17] after once again failing to advance to the UEFA Champions League group stage. Dynamo's Sports Director, Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko, was appointed as manager. Despite the change, the results on the field hardly improved, as Dynamo was eliminated from continental competitions by placing 3rd in Group B of the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League group stage.

On 23 July 2020, Mircea Lucescu became the head coach of Dynamo. Lucescu signed a two-year contract.[18]

Crests and colours

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See also: Dynamo Sports Club and Dynamo (Ukraine)

Crest

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Being a member of the All-Union Sports Society Dynamo, the Dynamo football team of Kyiv adopted the same emblem of the Dynamo's sports society as its first logo, which featured on their shirts since 1927 and was a cursive blue Cyrillic letter "Д" (D)[19] in a vertical rhombus. Similar emblem existed in other Soviet football teams throughout the Soviet Union such as FC Dynamo Moscow, FC Dinamo Tbilisi, FC Dinamo Minsk, and others. The idea of symbol is attributed to a native of Ukraine Leonid Nedolya-Honcharenko who at that time served as a chief of political department of the OGPU troops in Moscow District.[20]

The symbol the club obtained on franchise rights from the Ukrainian Fitness and Sports Society "Dynamo" (see Dynamo–Ukraine). Over the years, the club's logo has undergone many changes and replacements, but the cursive "D" has remained ever since.

In 2003 after Dynamo won their 10th domestic trophy, a golden star was added at the top of the logo to celebrate the club's success. The second star was added to the logo in 2007 during celebrations of Dynamo's 80-year anniversary. Although Dynamo has won only 15 Ukrainian league titles, their 13 titles as USSR Champions were taken into account.

 
Dynamo's emblems displayed at the stadium

Dynamo's traditional colours are white and dark blue, with white being the predominant colour. Throughout their history the club has usually played in a white shirt and blue shorts. This was changed in 1961 when a blue sash was added to the kit; it was removed soon afterwards. In 2004, the club's management decided to restore the famous sash as a talisman. It was added to the away kit and remained there until the beginning of the 2008–09 season, when it was replaced by a white kit with a shirt having thin blue vertical stripes, the first time in over 50 years that a club had worn such a pattern.

During the last two seasons before the breakup of the Soviet Union, Dynamo's kit was similar to Metalist, yellow shirts and blue shorts. This color scheme carried a symbolic meaning, representing the national colours of the yet-not-adopted Ukraine national flag. In the 1990 Soviet Cup Final, the yellow-blue Dynamo team thrashed the all-Red Lokomotiv 6–1 at Luzhniki Stadium. In the early years of Ukrainian independence, the club swapped their yellow colour for white. However blue remained one of Dynamo's colours and is still a main colour of the club's away kit.

The club's current sponsors, New Balance and ABank24, feature on the team shirt. New Balance is also the manufacturer of the kit. Among former sponsors there were Ostchem Holding, Nadra Bank, PrivatBank, Prominvestbank, Ukrtelecom, and others.

Colours

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Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

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The original logo of the professional club (1989–1996)
 
Logo (1972–1989) as part of republican Dynamo (Ukraine) society
 
Logo of 1996–2010 to the 80th anniversary
Period[21] Kit manufacturer Shirt sponsor
1975–1987 Adidas —
1987 Commodore
1987–1988 OCRIM
1988–1989 —
1989 Duarig FISAC Como
1989–1990 Admiral FISAC
1990–1991 Lufthansa
1992–1994 Umbro Lufthansa
1994–1995 —
1996 Prominvestbank
1996–2004 Adidas Prominvestbank
2004–2006 EnergoHolding
(Gazprom)
2006–2007 Ukrtelekom
2007–2013 PrivatBank
2013–2015 Nadra Bank
2015–2018
2018–2021 New Balance[22]
2021– A-Bank[23]

Honours

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Each gold star on the Dynamo's emblem represents ten championships.

Dynamo Kyiv has participated in all of the USSR and Ukrainian championships to date, and has won both competitions more times than any other team. The club's best performances were in the 1970s and 1980s, a time in which the Soviet Union national football team was composed mostly of players from the club. Dynamo Kyiv tied the national record for winning three consecutive Soviet Premier League titles in 1966, 1967, and 1968.

Dynamo Kyiv won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1975 and 1986 as well as the European Super Cup in 1975, after two games against Bayern Munich. In 1977, 1987, and 1999, the club reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League. These victories are associated with the name of Valeriy Lobanovskyi, who played for the club in the 1960s and later became the club's long-term head coach. In 2009 the club reached the semi-final of the UEFA Cup.

Dynamo striker Oleh Blokhin is the Soviet Premier League's all-time top scorer with 211 goals, and has also made more appearances than any other player in the championship's history with 432.

Dynamo Kyiv is also was one of the base clubs of the Soviet Union national football team and many players of the club represented the Soviet Union at international level. After fall of the Soviet Union, Dynamo became the base club of the Ukraine national football team.

Dynamo striker Oleh Blokhin is the Soviet Union natioall team all-time top scorer with 42 goals, and has also made more appearances than any other player for the team with 112. Two other Dynamo strikers – Oleh Protasov and Viktor Kolotov – are among the Soviet Union national football team top five best scorers with 29 and 22 goals respectively. Two other Dynamo players – Anatoliy Demyanenko and Volodymyr Bezsonov – are among the Soviet Union national football team top five players with most appearances 80 and 79 respectively.

Four former Dynamo's players were appointed as a head coach of the Soviet Union national team, among which Valeriy Lobanovsky, Oleh Bazylevych, Vladimir Salkov and Anatoliy Byshovets. All head coaches of the Ukraine national team but two were at some time former players of Dynamo Kyiv.

Individual player awards

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Ballon d'Or winners, former players for FC Dynamo Kyiv Andriy Shevchenko, Oleg Blokhin, and Ihor Belanov

Several players have won individual awards during or for their time with Dynamo Kyiv

European Footballer of the Year (Ballon d'Or)

UEFA Golden Player Award

FIFA 100

European Championship winners

Two players have won the European Championship whilst at Dynamo Kyiv.

Hall of Fame

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While there is no such institution in the club, it does honor its notables players as "Golden Names", while coaches are honored as "Legendary Mentors".

Grounds

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Stadiums

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See also: Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium, Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex, and Dynamo Training Center
 
Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium
 
Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex

The club's home ground, Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium, is situated in a park located in the centre of the city, close to the Dnieper River bank. The stadium holds 16,873 spectators, and has been the club's home since 1934. When it was built the stadium's capacity was 23,000.[26] After being destroyed in 1941 during World War II, it was rebuilt in 1954. By the end of the 20th century, the stadium was reconstructed as a football-only venue with individual seats. These changes reduced the facility's capacity to its present one. In 2002 after the sudden death of Dynamo's longtime player and coach Valeriy Lobanovskyi, the stadium was renamed in his honour. After NSK Olympiyskiy was closed for reconstruction in 2008, Dynamo also began to play its European games at the Lobanovsky Stadium.

Due to a high demand for European fixtures of the club throughout its European history Dynamo played a majority of their home fixtures at Kyiv's and Ukraine's largest stadium, the Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex, historically dubbed The Republican Stadium, which held 83,450 spectators. The stadium has been the home of the Ukrainian Cup final since its inaugural game in 1992 and up until 2007. The stadium was closed for a major reconstruction in 2008, after Ukraine and Poland were chosen to host the UEFA Euro 2012. The Olympiysky became Kyiv's main venue[clarification needed][citation needed] as well as the stadium that hosted the final; it also become a UEFA Elite rated stadium.

The team also has a modern-equipped training base in the Kyiv suburb of Koncha-Zaspa. The club maintains its own football school for children and youths, also situated in Kyiv. Junior Dynamo teams are colloquially known as Dynamo-2 and Dynamo-3. Its reserves team -called "double" (дубль) in both Ukrainian and Russian- participates in the national Reserves tournament, where "doubles" of all 16 Vyscha Liga teams compete. Many notable Dynamo Kyiv players progressed through the club's youth system, among them is Andriy Shevchenko, one of the graduates of the school.

Reserve, youth and junior teams

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Entrance sign of the football academy at Nyvky
See also: FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv, FC Dynamo-3 Kyiv, and YFS Dynamo Kyiv of Valeriy Lobanovsky

Dynamo Kyiv has several reserve teams. Dynamo reserve teams competed in national competitions since 1946. The club was fielding its reserve team in the Soviet Top League competitions for reserve teams (so called doubles) that existed in 1946–1991. Dynamo doubles team holds a record for number of champion titles of the Soviet Top League for doubles winning it 15 times with a closest pursuing Spartak doubles team trailing with 9 titles. In 2004 the club revived its reserve team which later became youth (U-21) team competing at Ukrainian Premier League competitions for U-21 and U-19 teams. Dynamo football school (academy) fields few teams in Ukrainian Youth Football League as well as Kyiv city football league. Among possibly most exotic football academy graduates is a former Moroccan international Tarik El Jarmouni.

Besides its normal junior squads, FC Dynamo Kyiv also has fielded its second team Dynamo-2 which competed among regular "teams of masters" (Soviet analog of professional teams) as well as republican competitions (amateur level) during the Soviet period. The first time the team participated in football competitions at professional level was in 1964 when it took part in the Soviet Second League (in so called the Ukrainian Soviet football competitions). With dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Dynamo-2 was revived based on the Dynamo's reserve team that participated in the Soviet Top League for doubles. The team continued to play in Ukrainian First League for over 20 years. Along with the second team, Dynamo created also its third team Dynamo-3 which at first played at amateur level and later advanced to Ukrainian Second League. Since 2016, Dynamo has discontinued its numbered team.

Reserve team (under-21) honours

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  • Soviet Top League (reserves): 15 (record)
    • 1949, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1990
  • Ukrainian Premier League (reserves / under-21): 6 (record)
    • 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2015–16, 2016–17

Other departments

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See also: FC Dynamo Kyiv (women)

Since parting from its parent Dynamo society in 1989, Dynamo Kyiv becoming exclusively a football club (other departments were left with the Kyiv city branch of Dynamo–Ukraine) had also its own women team which while not being as successful as the main team, had some degree of success when they were playing first at Soviet and later at Ukrainian competitions. In 1994 the whole women department was liquidated as the owners of the club lost interest in it.

In 2017 the Ukrainian Association of Football pursued existing men football clubs to help with development of women's football in Ukraine and either create own teams or adopt already existing teams of separate women football clubs or sports schools.

In 2021 Dynamo in cooperation with the Kyivan Olympic College reestablished its women football team replacing the college team at the second tier of the two-tier national football pyramid for women and gained promotion the same season.

Supporters and rivalries

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A dynamo flag with Sviatoslav the Brave

The Dynamo fan movement is one of the oldest in Ukraine. Active support began in 1980s during the Soviet period (Ukrainian SSR). Then began to appear first graffiti with the team's logo and was registered one of the biggest fights in the USSR: Dynamo fans against fans of Spartak Moscow in the center of Kyiv.[27] In the 1990s on the stands became popular English style.[citation needed]

 
Dynamo Kyiv fans show the team's logo at a match versus Borussia Mönchengladbach.

Historically Dynamo ultras would frequently hold patriotic (Ukrainian nationalism) and strongly anti-communist actions. During the reign of Viktor Yanukovych the ultras had bad relations with the government, caused by persecutions of fans and other political factors.[28] The most publicized action was "Freedom Pavlichenko" (Ukrainian: Волю Павліченкам) in support of political prisoners father and son Pavlichenko.[29] The ultras Dynamo took part in the Independence Day of Ukraine and Heroes Day celebrations.

Dynamo ultras often use the image of Sviatoslav the Brave in the design of their banners.[30] Svyatoslav, a printed magazine of Dynamo ultras, also bears the Kyiv prince's name.[31]

The most famous derby in Ukraine is Ukrainian derby, always held in a tense atmosphere. Dynamo maintains friendly relations with: Karpaty Lviv, Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk (Braty po zbroyi; Band of Brothers), Hutnik Kraków[32] and with Zalgiris Vilnius, GNK Dinamo Zagreb, Dinamo Tbilisi, Stade Rennais F.C. fans. Strained relations with: Shakhtar Donetsk,[33] Chornomorets Odesa, Metalist Kharkiv, Spartak Moscow and Legia Warsaw.[34] Now all fans have declared a truce because of the war in Eastern Ukraine.[35] They play the Kyiv derby with Arsenal Kyiv, a strong rivalry also due to politics; Arsenal fans are known to be strongly left-wing.[36]

Players

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First team squad

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As of 4 September 2024[37][38]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK   UKR Heorhiy Bushchan
2 DF   UKR Kostyantyn Vivcharenko
3 DF   UKR Maksym Dyachuk
4 DF   UKR Denys Popov
6 MF   UKR Volodymyr Brazhko
7 FW   UKR Andriy Yarmolenko
9 MF   UKR Nazar Voloshyn
10 MF   UKR Mykola Shaparenko
11 FW   UKR Vladyslav Vanat
15 MF   UKR Valentyn Rubchynskyi
18 MF   UKR Oleksandr Andriyevskyi
20 DF   UKR Oleksandr Karavayev
22 MF   UKR Vladyslav Kabayev
23 DF   UKR Navin Malysh
No. Pos. Nation Player
24 DF   UKR Oleksandr Tymchyk
28 DF   COL Brayan Ceballos (on loan from Fortaleza)
29 MF   UKR Vitaliy Buyalskyi (captain)
32 DF   UKR Taras Mykhavko
35 GK   UKR Ruslan Neshcheret
39 FW   PAN Eduardo Guerrero
40 DF   UKR Kristian Bilovar
44 DF   UKR Vladyslav Dubinchak
45 MF   UKR Maksym Braharu
51 MF   UKR Valentyn Morhun
76 MF   UKR Oleksandr Pikhalyonok
91 MF   UKR Mykola Mykhaylenko
99 FW   UKR Matviy Ponomarenko

Other players under contract

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Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF   UKR Artem Benedyuk
— DF   UKR Anton Bol
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF   BRA Vitinho
— MF   UKR Volodymyr Shepelyev

U-19 team

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Main article: Dynamo Kyiv junior squads and Academy

Out on loan

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Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
— DF   UKR Oleksandr Syrota (at Maccabi Haifa until 30 June 2025)
— MF   SEN Samba Diallo (at Hapoel Jerusalem until 30 June 2025)
— MF   UKR Serhiy Buletsa (at Lechia Gdańsk until 30 June 2025)
— MF   MKD Reshat Ramadani (at Shkëndija until 30 June 2025)
— MF   UKR Anton Tsarenko (at Lechia Gdańsk until 30 June 2025)
— MF   UKR Vikentiy Voloshyn (at Zorya Luhansk until 30 June 2025)
No. Pos. Nation Player
— MF   UKR Oleksandr Yatsyk (at Zorya Luhansk until 30 June 2025)
— FW   NGA Benito (at Zorya Luhansk until 30 June 2025)
— FW   UKR Ihor Horbach (at Zorya Luhansk until 30 June 2025)
— FW   VEN Eric Ramírez (at Tigre until 30 June 2025)
— FW   GEO Giorgi Tsitaishvili (at Granada until 30 June 2025)
— MF   SUR Justin Lonwijk (at Viborg FF until 30 June 2025)

Retired number(s)

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Main article: List of retired numbers in association football

12 –   Club Supporters (the 12th Man)

Presidents and other officials

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Presidents

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Vice-Presidents

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General directors

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Sports directors

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Technical directors

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Coaches and administration

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Administration[39] Coaching[40] (senior team) Coaching[41] (U-19 teams)
  • President – Ihor Surkis
  • First vice-president – Vitaliy Sivkov
  • General director –   Rezo Chokhonelidze
  • Sports director – Heorhiy Vorogovskyi
  • Vice-president – Leonid Ashkenazi
  • Vice-president – Andriy Madzianovsky
  • Vice-president – Oleksiy Palamarchuk
  • Vice-president – Oleksiy Semenenko
  • Vice-president – Mark Ginsburg

Notable coaches

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Main article: List of FC Dynamo Kyiv managers
  • In the Ukrainian championship

The following individuals have all won at least one trophy while coaching Dynamo Kyiv:

Name Period Trophies
  Oleg Oshenkov 1954 1 domestic cup
    Vyacheslav Solovyov 1961 1 league title
  Viktor Maslov 1964, 1966–68 3 league titles, 2 domestic cups
    Aleksandr Sevidov 1971 1 league title
    Anatoliy Puzach 1990 1 league title, 1 domestic cup
  Mykhaylo Fomenko 1993 1 league title, 1 domestic cup
  Yozhef Sabo 1994, 1996, 2005, 2007 2 league titles, 2 domestic cups
  Mykola Pavlov 1995 1 league title
    Valeriy Lobanovskyi 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1980–82, 1985–87, 1997–02 12 league titles, 8 domestic cups, 2 UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, 1 UEFA Supercup
  Oleksiy Mykhaylychenko 2003, 2004, 2019–2020 2 league titles, 2 domestic cup, 1 super cup
  Anatoliy Demyanenko 2006, 2007 1 league title, 2 domestic cups, 2 super cups
  Yuri Semin 2009 1 league title, 1 super cup
  Valery Gazzaev 2009–2010 1 super cup
  Serhiy Rebrov 2014–2017 2 league titles, 2 domestic cups, 1 super cup
  Alyaksandr Khatskevich 2017–2019 2 super cups
  Mircea Lucescu 2020–2023 1 league title, 1 domestic cup, 1 super cup

Club records and statistics

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Oleksandr Shovkovskyi currently holds Dynamo's official appearance record, having made 637 appearances in all competitions, over the course of 17 seasons from 1993 until 2016. He also holds the record for Ukrainian Premier League (Vyshcha Liha) appearances with 426, while Oleg Blokhin remains unreachable for Soviet Top League appearances with 432.

Including all competitions, Oleg Blokhin is the all-time leading goalscorer for Dynamo with 266 goals since joining the club in 1969, 211 of which were scored in Soviet Top League (another Dynamo record). Serhiy Rebrov, who is the all-time topscorer for Ukrainian Premier League, comes in second in all competitions with 163.

Dynamo Kyiv qualified for continental competitions for the last 32 years since 1990 and missed only twice (two seasons) since 1973.

Divisional movements

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See also: List of FC Dynamo Kyiv seasons
Tier Years Last Promotions Relegations
Top League (tier 1) 54 1991 22 times to Europe never
56 years of professional football in Soviet Union since 1936
Tier Years Last Promotions Relegations
Premier League (tier 1) 31 2021–22 30 times to Europe never
31 years of professional national football in Ukraine since 1992

Soviet Union

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World War II

Ukraine

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Russian aggression against Ukraine

Dynamo Kyiv in European competitions

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Main article: FC Dynamo Kyiv in European football

Dynamo Kyiv made a forceful entrance into European competitions in the 1965–66 European Cup Winners' Cup, advancing into the quarter-finals before losing to Celtic. The club is a regular visitor to UEFA competitions, having participated in over 50 tournaments. Dynamo Kyiv has not missed a single season of European competition since 1990 and, since 1973, has only missed out twice (1984–85 and 1988–89). During the Soviet era, the club won the European Cup Winners' Cup twice, in 1975 and 1986, the 1975 European Super Cup and reached the semi-finals of the European Cup/Champions League three times, once under the Ukrainian banner.

European finals

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Year Competition Opposing team Score Venue
1975 European Cup Winners' Cup   Ferencváros 3–0   St. Jakob Stadium, Basel
1975 European Super Cup   Bayern Munich 1–0, 2–0 Two-legged
1986 European Cup Winners' Cup   Atlético Madrid 3–0   Stade de Gerland, Lyon
1986 European Super Cup   Steaua Bucharest 0–1   Stade Louis II, Monaco

UEFA club coefficient ranking

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As of 27 May 2024
Source:[42]

Rank Team Points
66   Bodø/Glimt 28.000
67   Union Saint-Gilloise 27.000
68   Dynamo Kyiv 26.500
69   CFR Cluj 26.500
70   Ludogorets Razgrad 26.000

UEFA Rankings since 2004

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Source:[42]

Season Ranking Movement Points Change
2024–25 70   -2 23.500   –3.000
2023–24 68   –9 26.500 0.00
2022–23 59   –20 26.500   –17.500
2021–22 39   –8 44.000   –3.000
2020–21 31   –5 47.000   –8.000
2019–20 26   –2 55.000   –10.000
2018–19 23 0 65.000   +3.000
2017–18 23   +2 62.000 new points system
2016–17 25   +1 67.526   +1.550
2015–16 26   +1 65.976   +0.943
2014–15 27   +7 65.033   +8.840
2013–14 34   –9 56.193   –12.958
2012–13 25   +6 68.951   +6.925
2011–12 31   –1 62.026   +1.250
2010–11 30   +14 60.776   +17.866
2009–10 44   –3 42.910   –3.460
2008–09 41   +33 46.370   +11.438
2007–08 74   –13 34.932   +5.932
2006–07 61   +2 29.000   +1.000
2005–06 63   –12 28.000   –4.000
2004–05 51 0 32.000 0.000

Football Club Elo ranking

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As of 18 September 2024[43]
Rank Team Points
144   Frosinone 1559
145   Lorient 1559
146   Dynamo Kyiv 1558
147   Venezia 1554
148   CSKA Moscow 1553

Player records

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[44] [45]

Top goalscorers

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As of 21 August 2023[46]
# Name Years League Cup Europe Other Total
1   Oleg Blokhin 1969–1987 211 29 26 0 266
2   Serhiy Rebrov 1992–2000
2005–2007		 113 19 31 0 163
3   Maksim Shatskikh 1999–2008 97 22 23 0 142
4   Andriy Yarmolenko 2007–2017

2023–

102 19 19 0 140
5   Andriy Shevchenko 1994–1999
2009–2012		 83 16 25 0 124
6   Oleh Husiev 2003–2016
2017–2018		 57 15 22 2 96
7   Victor Tsyhankov 2016–2023 77 4 13 0 94
8   Artem Milevskyi 2002–2013 57 11 16 3 87
9   Viktor Kanevskyi 1973–1984 56 12 14 0 82
10   Leonid Buryak 1971–1981 62 11 8 0 81
  • Other – National Super Cup

Most appearances

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As of 19 May 2018[47]
# Name Years League Cup Europe Other Total
1   Oleksandr Shovkovskyi 1993–2016 426 58 144 9 637
2   Oleg Blokhin 1969–1987 432 67 79 3 581
3   Oleh Husiev 2003–2016
2017–2018		 295 43 98 6 442
4   Anatoliy Demyanenko 1979–1990
1992–1993		 347 47 43 2 439
5   Leonid Buryak 1973–1984 304 52 51 2 409
6   Volodymyr Veremeyev 1968–1982 310 45 44 2 401
7   Volodymyr Muntyan 1965–1977 302 34 35 0 371
8   Volodymyr Bezsonov 1976–1990 278 48 39 3 368
9   Serhiy Rebrov 1992–2000
2005–2007		 242 44 72 2 360
10   Vladyslav Vashchuk 1993–2002
2005–2008		 253 41 62 0 356
  • Other – National Super Cup

Notable players

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Had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries while playing for Dynamo Kyiv.

Scandals

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FootballLeaks-2

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German journalists from Der Spiegel[48] Rafael Buschmann and Michael Wulzinger published a book titled Football Leaks – 2.

A separate part titled "Ukrainische Bruderschaft" (Ukrainian Brotherhood) describes brothers Ihor and Hryhorii Surkis's activities in the football sphere and their relation to the "Newport" offshore. All FC "Dynamo’s" activities are financed by this company. The authors refer to Football Leaks documents.[49]

The book tells that starting from 1993, all the financial activities of Kyiv-based FC Dynamo have been performed via the company Newport, controlled by the club's boss Ihor Surkis. Having cited the FIFA data, the authors noted that in 2011–2017 the Newport has spent US$324 million to buy 82 players for FC Dynamo. The taxes from this sum haven't been paid in Ukraine.[citation needed]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The Bacău team was created in 1950.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Кому официально принадлежат польские клубы. ukrrudprom.com. 12 November 2021
  2. ^ "Dynamo - Coaches - FC Dynamo Kyiv official website".
  3. ^ Wilson, Jonathan (12 August 2008). "Honour on the line as Soviet football's biggest rivalry awakens once more". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d Evgeni Kazakov. The Soviet First League in football (Первая лига СССР по футболу). History of the Soviet championships in football. Volume 1 (1936–1969). Litres, 2019
  5. ^ Sovtorgsluzhashchie at ukrsoccerhistory.com
  6. ^ Радторгслужбовці Київ. www.kopanyi-myach.info
  7. ^ Banyas, V. 1 July 1928: the first game of Dynamo (1 липня 1928–го: перший матч «Динамо») Archived 1 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Ukrainian Premier League. 1 July 2018
  8. ^ "ЛЕТОПИСЬ Акселя ВАРТАНЯНА. 1954 год. Часть пятая". Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  9. ^ NANU Institute of History: This day in the history (in Ukrainian). Archived 29 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "Новые чемпионы". Sovetsky Sport newspaper of 19 October 1961. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  11. ^ Сегодня 40-летний юбилей первого чемпионства «Динамо» в СССР. fcdynamo.com. 17 October 2001
  12. ^ Yuriy Korzachenko. Ретро. Как на киевское «Динамо» велосипед наехал. footclub.com.ua. 23 February 2013
  13. ^ Вспоминая эпоху Горбачева: Время, когда деньги лежали под ногами. www.kp.ru. 31 August 2022
  14. ^ Глава 30. ВЗГЛЯДЫ НА ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ СТОРОНЫ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. Шестой том. "Всемирная история экономической мысли". www.booksite.ru.
  15. ^ Dynamo Kyiv ordered to play next two European ties behind closed doors due to racism incidents from fans, The Daily Telegraph (10 April 2013) On 21 January 2014, in midst of the Ukrainian Revolution, the VK fan site called out to all fans to go into the streets and protect the city from the "titushki", or hired pro-government thugs.
  16. ^ "Хацкевич продлил контракт с Динамо" [Khatskevich extended contract with Dynamo]. football.ua (in Russian). 6 June 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  17. ^ "Динамо уволило Хацкевича" [Dynamo fired Khatskevich]. football.ua (in Russian). 14 August 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  18. ^ "Former Shakhtar coach Mircea Lucescu hired by Dynamo Kyiv". The Washington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  19. ^ History of the letter "Д" (История буквы "Д"). FC Dynamo Kyiv.
  20. ^ Kolomiets, A. ""Динамо" – 90! Загадка прописної "Д"" ["Dynamo" – 90! Mystery of the cursive «Д»]. FC Dynamo Kyiv (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Зупинимо війну!". Xxldynamo.com.ua. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  22. ^ "New Balance and FC Dynamo Kyiv: start of shared path - FC Dynamo Kyiv official website". fcdynamo.com. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  23. ^ "А-Банк виступив генеральним партнером футбольного клубу "Динамо" Київ - ФK "Динамо" Київ. Офіційний сайт". fcdynamo.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  24. ^ Золоті імена. fcdynamo.com
  25. ^ Легендарні наставники. fcdynamo.com
  26. ^ Stadium's history – Fan Website of Dynamo Kyiv
  27. ^ "DYNAMO ULTRAS / WHITE-BLUE HOOLIGANS – Статті – Біло-Сині – сайт вболівальників "ДИНАМО КИЇВ"". White-blue.kiev.ua.
  28. ^ "Преступности.НЕТ". news.pn.
  29. ^ "Freedom for Pavlichenko". Ultras-Tifo.
  30. ^ "DYNAMO ULTRAS / WHITE-BLUE HOOLIGANS | Статті | Біло-Сині – сайт вболівальників "ДИНАМО КИЇВ"". White-blue.kiev.ua. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  31. ^ "Журнал "СВЯТОСЛАВ" – друковане видання ультрас "Динамо Київ" | Новини | Біло-Сині – сайт вболівальників "ДИНАМО КИЇВ"". White-blue.kiev.ua. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  32. ^ "Hutnik Nowa Huta - Dynamo Kijów 19.07.2014 - Stadionowi Oprawcy!". Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  33. ^ "Dynamo Kyiv – Shaktar Donetsk 16.10.2015". Ultras-Tifo.
  34. ^ "Liga Europy. Bójka chuliganów Legii i Dynama Kijów Piłka nożna". Sport.pl. 20 August 2015.
  35. ^ "Truce among the Ukrainian ultras". Ultras-Tifo.
  36. ^ "Динамо – Арсенал: ідеологічне протистояння фанатів. Фото. Відео". Спорт. 23 July 2012.
  37. ^ "Player Profiles – FC Dynamo Kyiv. Official club website". fcdynamo.com.
  38. ^ "Dynamo".
  39. ^ "Management - FC Dynamo Kyiv official website". fcdynamo.com. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  40. ^ "Staff Profiles – FC Dynamo Kyiv. Official club website". fcdynamo.com.
  41. ^ "Dynamo U19 - Coaches - FC Dynamo Kyiv official website". fcdynamo.com. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  42. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. ^ clubelo.com. "Football Club Elo Ratings". ClubElo.
  44. ^ "FC Dynamo Kyiv". junik.lv.
  45. ^ "Украинский футбол от Дмитрия Трощия". uafootball.net.ua (in Ukrainian).
  46. ^ Pavlushko, Anton. "Динамо Киев – все бомбардиры в Чемпионате Украины по футболу" [Dynamo Kyiv – all scorers in Ukrainian football championship (149 players)]. Статистика чемпионата Украины по футболу – все игроки, матчи и голы, составы команд и переходы.
  47. ^ "Гусев – третий по количеству матчей за Динамо в истории". football.ua (in Ukrainian).
  48. ^ "DER SPIEGEL | Online-Nachrichten". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  49. ^ "Football Leaks-2: Суркисы через оффшоры купили в "Динамо" футболистов на $324 млн". Украинская Правда (in Russian). Retrieved 20 February 2020.
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