The Führer Grenadier Brigade (formerly Führer Grenadier Battalion later Führer Grenadier Division) was an élite German Army combat unit which saw action during World War II. The Führer Grenadier Brigade is sometimes mistakenly perceived as being a part of the Waffen-SS, whereas it was actually an Army unit and technically assigned to the Großdeutschland Division. This misconception comes from its original duty of guarding Adolf Hitler's East Prussian Wolfsschanze Headquarters, a task which sounded similar to the original one of Waffen-SS 1. Panzer Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler", which in turn stemmed from the Führer's original bodyguard corps. Fighting on both the Eastern and Western Fronts, the brigade surrendered to U.S. forces in Austria in 1945.
| Führer Grenadier Brigade (FGB) | |
|---|---|
 Divisional insignia of Großdeutschland | |
| Active | April 1943 - May 1945 |
| Country |  Nazi Germany |
| Branch | Nazi Germany |
| Type | Mechanized Infantry |
| Size | Battalion Brigade Division |
| Part of | Created as Grenadier Battalion, expanded on paper to Grenadier Division 1945. |
| Garrison/HQ | Rastenburg, East Prussia, Fallsingbostel |
| Patron |  Adolf Hitler |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Oberst Hans-Joachim Kahler |
Creation and Early History
editThe Führer Grenadier Battalion was raised in April 1943 to act as a second guard unit on the outer perimeter of Hitler's Wolfsschanze in Rastenburg, East Prussia.
Despite the idea of Hitler's bodyguards being drawn from the SS, a small detachment was drawn from the Wach Regiment to become Hitler's private bodyguards. This unit was called the Führer Begleit (or Führer Escort) and was to eventually be expanded to divisional size (see Führer Begleit Brigade).
Brigade - Eastern Front
editIn 1944, the battalion was reorganized as an armored brigade at Fallingbostel. Personnel were drawn from the Großdeutschland Division pool of hand-picked personnel. In October 1944, it was assigned to XXVII Korps of the Fourth Army and sent to the vicinity of Gumbinnen. They fought at Daken and Grosswaltersdorf from October 21–23. The brigade operated in conjunction with the 5th Panzer Division and the Hermann Göring Division.
Western Front - Wacht am Rhein
editBetween December 11–17, 1944, the brigade was sent west to participate in Operation Herbstnebel. The brigade's composition did not match any standard unit configuration. The Großdeutschland Division never fought on the western front in 1944–45 (it did see action in the 1940 campaign). As a part of Großdeutschland, FGB was permitted to wear cuff-title insignia. The Großdeutschland was ordered to wear the cuff title on the right sleeve (as did veterans of the North African campaign or the taking of Crete with their honour bands), while the SS wore theirs on the left. In 1945, the brigade was awarded its cuff title, FGB. FGB was assigned to Seventh Army Reserve for Operation Herbstnebel.
Division - 1945
editThe brigade was pulled from battle in early January. On paper, it was enlarged to a division and assigned to Heeresgruppe Vistula. In April, it was reassigned to the 6th Panzer Army. The Führer Grenadier Division surrendered to U.S. troops in May 1945 near Vienna, Austria.
Commanders
edit| Führer Grenadier Brigade (April 1943 – May 1945) | ||
|---|---|---|
| In work | 1 | |
| In work | 1 | |
| Oberst Hans-Joachim Kahler (badly wounded) | July 10, 1944 – December 23, 1944 | |
| Major von Courbière | December 1944 – January 1945 | |
| Generalmajor Hellmuth Mäder (Führer Grenadier Division) | January 26, 1945 – February 1, 1945 | |
| Generalmajor Erich von Haßenstein | February 1, 1945 – May 8, 1945 | |
Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
edit- Generalmajor Hellmuth Mäder, awarded Swords to his Knight's Cross on April 18, 1945 as Commander of the Führer Grenadier Division.
101 Panzer Regiment
editHauptmann Herbert Hensel, Knight's Cross on March 5, 1945 as Commander of the II. Abteilung (Panzer-Füsilier-Bataillon)/Panzer-Regiment 101 (former I./PzGrenRegt 99).
99 Panzergrenadier Regiment
editMajor Ernst-Günter Lehnhoff, Knight's Cross on December 12, 1944 as Commander of the Panzer-Füsilier-Bataillon of the Führer-Grenadier-Brigade (I./PzGrenRegt 99).
Order of battle
edit
- 101 Panzer Regiment
- 1 Companie - 12 Panthers
- 2 Companie - 12 Panthers
- 3 Companie - 12 Panthers
- 4 Companie - 11 Jagdpanthers with 88mm Pak 43
- 5 Companie - 14 Stug III
- 99 Panzergrenadier Regiment - 92 Armored Personnel Carriers
- Artillerie Regiment 'FGB'(-) - 12 - 150mm guns (10 guns on loan to Skorzeny's Panzer Brigade 150 during Herbstnebel)
- 911 Sturmgeschutz Brigade
- 1 Companie - 10 Stug III
- 2 Companie - 14 Stug III
- 3 Companie - 6 Stug III
- 124 Flak Abteilung
- Kampfschule 'FGB'
- 1124 Infantriegeschutz Kompanie
- 1124 Panzerjäger Kompanie - 3 Marder III, 4 Jagdpanthers, 6 Hetzer
- 1124 Panzer Aufklärungs Kompanie
- 1124 Flak Kompanie - 26 guns
- 1124 Pionier Kompanie
- 1124 Nachrichten Abteilung
- Nachschub Truppe 'FGB'
- Werkstatt Kompanie 'FGB'
- Sanitäts Kompanie 'FGB'
See also
editBibliography
editPrinted references
edit- Quarrie, Bruce (2001). The Ardennes Offensive, I Armee & VII Armee. Order of Battle. Vol. 12. London, UK: Osprey Publishing Group. ISBN 1-85532-913-1.