Evelyn M. Anderson (March 20, 1899 – June 8, 1985) was an American physiologist and biochemist, most known for her co-discovery of adrenocorticotropic hormone (adreno-cortical thyroid hormone or ACTH) in 1934.[1][2]
Evelyn M. Anderson | |
|---|---|
 Evelyn M. Anderson in an undated NASA photograph | |
| Born | March 20, 1899 Wilmar, Minnesota, USA |
| Died | June 8, 1985 (aged 86) |
| Education | Carleton College University of California, Berkeley University of Montreal |
| Spouse |
Webb Edward Haymaker
(m. 1936; died 1984) |
| Children | 3 |
| Awards | Guggenheim Fellowship (1946) |
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Background
editEvelyn Anderson was born in Willmar, Minnesota, to Swedish immigrants parents. She attended Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota, where she obtained her bachelor's. In 1928, she gained her M.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, School of Medicine. During her time at Berkeley, her research culminated into two papers about vitamin A and nutrition. She continued on to receive her Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Montreal in 1934. While working on her dissertation, Anderson co-discovered ACTH with James Collip and David Landsborough Thomson. In a paper published in 1933, she explained its function in the body.[3] In 1935 she published another paper with Collip on the discovery of an anti-thyroid hormone which greatly contributed to the general knowledge and understanding of anti-hormones.[4][5]
Career
editAnderson returned to the University of California to instruct and became an associate professor of medicine in 1946, while continuing her research on hormone related diseases. Most notably she discovered with her husband Webb E. Haymaker that Cushing's disease is caused by hyper function of the adrenal cortex. Anderson also worked with Joseph Abraham Long, professor of embryology, to develop an apparatus to study the secretions of insulin from the pancreas in a rat model. This model and technique were later used with an immunochemical assay for human insulin.[6] In 1946, Anderson received an award from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to work with Phillip Bard, professor and director of the Department of Physiology at Johns Hopkins University.[7][8]
She then moved to the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (NIAMD) at the National Institute of Health where she became the chief of Secretion on Endocrinology (1947-1962). She was vice president and program chairman of the Endocrine Society (1951-1952). Anderson became a visiting professor of physiology at Howard University in 1955, where her research focused on hypothalamic regulation of metabolism. In 1962 she returned to California where she became head of neuroendocrinology at NASA's Ames Research Center (1962-1969). She retired from this position in 1969. During the course of her career, she published over one hundred research papers.[4][9]
Personal life
editAnderson was married in 1936 to noted neurologist Webb Edward Haymaker, M.D. (1902–1984) with whom she had three children and eight grandchildren.[10]
Award and honors
edit- John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Award (1946)[11]
- Honorary doctorate from Carleton College (1954)
- Honorary doctorate from the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania (1961)
- Federal Women's Award recipient (1964)[12]
References
edit- ^ "Register of the Evelyn Anderson Papers, 1918-1972". The Regents of the University of California. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ Alison Li (2003). J.B. Collip and the development of medical research in Canada: extracts and enterprise. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780773571457.
- ^ James B. Collip; Evelyn Anderson; D. L. Thomson (12 August 1933). "The adrenotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe". Lancet. 222 (5737): 347–348. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)44463-6.
- ^ a b Ogilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2000). The biographical dictionary of women in science. New York: Routledge. pp. 35–36.
- ^ "David Landsborough Thomson, Honorary Degree". University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
- ^ R. M. Eakin H. M. Evans R. B. Goldschmidt W. R. Lyons. "Joseph Abraham Long, Zoology: Berkeley (1879-1953) Professor of Embryology, Emeritus". The Regents of The University of California. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "Evelyn Anderson, Fellow: Awarded 1946". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "Philip Bard (1898-1977)". he American Physiological Society. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ Leslie L. Bennett. "Evelyn M. Anderson (1899-1985)" (PDF). The Physiologist. Volume 28, Number 6, page 474. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ Schiller, F. (1985). "Webb Edward Haymaker (1902-1984)". Neurology. 35 (3). Neurology. 1985:35:392:393: 392. doi:10.1212/WNL.35.3.392. S2CID 74787585. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "Evelyn Anderson". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
- ^ "Federal Women's Program". FEW.org. Retrieved May 15, 2016.