The Euromosaic project is a study and survey of minority and regional languages in member states by the European Commission of the European Community (EC) and its successor, the European Union (EU).[1][2] The study documented the linguistic diversity of the 12 original EC countries and later of its newer members who joined the EU.[1][2]
The situation of linguistic minorities within the EC remained undocumented by the organisation, as over 10 million people spoke a first language other than the official recognised languages of member states.[3] As the attention on economic and European integration evolved, language diversity became an area of focus with the aim of creating a new policy for European languages and cultures.[4][5][6]
In 1992, the European Commission undertook two preliminary studies of the subject.[7] Later, using those two bibliographical studies as a basis, the European Commission expanded the scope and 4 research centres became part of the project.[8][6] They were the Center National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris), the Centre de Recherche sur le Multilinguisme/Onderzoekscentrum Voor Meertaligheid (Brussels), the Institut de Sociolingüística Catalana (Barcelona) and the Research Centre of Wales (Bangor).[7] These centres organised teams of researchers who did extensive fieldwork and gathered reliable data on the linguistic and socio–economic situation of communities with minority languages resulting in the production of multiple large reports.[9][10]
A total of 90 minority languages have been examined between the 1990s–2000s.[2] The results of the Euromosaic project described communities with minority languages were in areas usually sidelined socio-politically and economically by the state.[11] The study reported economic progress and extensive state based assistance toward minority language communities was needed, otherwise without those factors a minority language could disappear.[12] The interaction between a language group and the state affected the conditions for linguistic maintenance or disappearance and was dependant on elements such as legitimacy (legislation, social policy), legal status and institutionalisation.[12] The role of demographic size also overall determined minority language retention with bigger groups more able than some smaller communities.[13] Another factor was the involvement of a minority language in education and its effect on language prestige.[14]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Gorter, Durk; Cenoz, Jasone (2012). "Regional minorities, education and language revitalization". In Martin-Jones, Marilyn; Blackledge, Adrian; Creese, Angela (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism. Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 9780415496476.
- ^ a b c Siemund, Peter; Gogolin, Ingrid; Schulz, Monika Edith; Davydova, Julia (2013). "Multilingualism and Language Diversity in Urban Areas: An introduction". In Siemund, Peter; Gogolin, Ingrid; Schulz, Monika Edith; Davydova, Julia (eds.). Multilingualism and Language Diversity in Urban Areas: Acquisition, identities, space, education. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 2. ISBN 9789027272218.
- ^ Leprètre 1994, pp. 54–55.
- ^ Leprètre 1994, p. 58.
- ^ Pejoska–Bouchereau, Frosa (2009). "L'abécédaire d'une langue interdite: Le macédonien". In Szende, Tamás (ed.). Politiques linguistiques, apprentissage des langues et francophonie en Europe centrale et orientale: les défis de la diversité. Éditions des archives contemporaines. p. 28. ISBN 9782813000033.
- ^ a b Shuibhne 2002, p. 272.
- ^ a b Leprètre 1994, p. 54.
- ^ Leprètre 1994, pp. 54, 56.
- ^ Leprètre, Marc (1994). "El projecte Euromosaic: un estudi sobre les llengües minoritàries" [The Euromosaic project: A study on minority languages]. Llengua i Ús. Revista Tècnica de Política Lingüística (in Catalan). 1: 54–57.
- ^ Shuibhne, Niamh Nic (2002). EC Law and Minority Language Policy: Culture, Citizenship and Fundamental Rights. Kluwer Law International. pp. 272, 274. ISBN 9789004478718.
- ^ O'Reilly 2016, p. 9.
- ^ a b O'Reilly 2016, p. 10.
- ^ O'Reilly 2016, pp. 10–11.
- ^ O'Reilly, Camille C. (2016). "Introduction: Minority Languages, Ethnicity and the State in the European Union". In O'Reilly, Camille C. (ed.). Language, Ethnicity and the State, Volume 1: Minority Languages In The European Union. Palgrave. p. 11. ISBN 9780230504639.
External links
edit- Euromosaic (2006). "Classificació per llengües". Open University of Catalonia (UOC). Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2024. – index with summarised Euromosaic reports (in English, French and a few in Catalan) on several minority languages