Eriophorum scheuchzeri is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by the common names Scheuchzer's cottongrass and white cottongrass. It has an arctic circumpolar and circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It can be found in Alaska, across Canada, in the Arctic islands, Greenland, Iceland, and across Eurasia.[2] Disjunct occurrences exist in the Rocky Mountains, in the high mountains of southern Europe (the Pyrenees, Alps, and the Caucasus)[3] and on Mount Daisetsu in Japan and some other Asian mountains.[4]
| Eriophorum scheuchzeri | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Eriophorum |
| Species: | E. scheuchzeri
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| Binomial name | |
| Eriophorum scheuchzeri | |
Description
editThis species is a perennial herb producing colonies via its rhizomes. The thin stems may reach 70 cm (28 in) tall, but they are often much shorter. The rolled leaf blades are up to 12 cm (4.7 in) long. Leaves at the top of the stem have no blades, just black-tipped sheaths. The inflorescence is a solitary flower head with wispy, cottony, bright white, red-tinged, or silvery bristles up to 3 cm (1.2 in) long.[4][5]
Taxonomy
editEriophorum scheuchzeri was first described by the German pharmacist, botanist, entomologist and physician David Heinrich Hoppe in 1800.[1]
Distribution and habitat
editThis plant can be found at sea level in northern parts of its range and at over 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in elevation farther south.[4] It is a helophyte. It is restricted to wet habitat types,[4] and grows in marshes and wet meadows, by ponds and lakes, and on riverbanks, in moist and wet gravel and sand substrates.[2] It often lines the edges of standing water bodies commonly associated with mosses and other sedges, such as Carex aquatilis.[4]
Uses
editNative and indigenous peoples have long been familiar with the plant and its uses. The Inuit have at least three names for Scheuchzer's cottongrass: pualunnguat, meaning "imitation mittens"; kumaksiutinnguat, meaning "an imitation object to remove lice"; and in North Baffin, kanguujat, meaning "what looks like snow geese". It has been used as lamp wicks, boot insoles, and swabs.[2] The cottony flowers have been used as dressings to absorb wound drainage.[6] The plant is also edible and sweet-tasting.[2]
This plant is consumed by muskoxen.[2] Waterfowl feed on the seeds.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b "Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Aiken, S.G., et al. 2007. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
- ^ "Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe". Plants of the World online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Ladyman, J.A.R. Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe (white cottongrass): A technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. March 2, 2006.
- ^ Eriophorum scheuchzeri. Flora of North America.
- ^ Eriophorum scheuchzeri. Native American Ethnobotany. University of Michigan, Dearborn. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
Bibliography
edit- Cayouette, Jacques (2004). "A taxonomic review of the Eriophorum russeolum—E. scheuchzeri complex (Cyperaceae) in North America". SIDA, Contributions to Botany. 21 (2): 791–814. Retrieved 20 September 2024.