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A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government.[1][2][3][4] A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as The Communist Manifesto (1848) and those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea.[5] Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as creeds or confessions of faith.
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Etymology
editThe Italian word manifesto, itself derived from the Latin manifestus, meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent: "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).[6]
Notable examples
edit- The Declaration of Independence of the United States (1776) by the Committee of Five
- The Communist Manifesto (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
- Mein Kampf (1925) by Adolf Hitler
- Industrial Society and Its Future (1995) by Theodore John Kaczynski
- The Agile Manifesto (2001) by Martin Fowler and Jim Highsmith
References
edit- ^ Merriam-Webster online dictionary definition of Manifesto Archived August 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "SEOphonist | die SEOphonisten Wahl 2013" (in German). Archived from the original on September 12, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2013., article on "Wahlprogramm", literally "election programme".
- ^ Dictionary.com definition of Manifesto Archived August 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ David Robertson, The Routledge Dictionary of Politics, Edition 3, Psychology Press, 1890 p. 295 Archived April 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, ISBN 0415323770, 9780415323772
- ^ Fahs, Breanne (2020). Burn it Down!: Feminist Manifestos for the Revolution. Verso. pp. 3–7. ISBN 9781788735407.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “manifesto (n.),” July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/6450578191. From N. Brent, translation of P. Sarpi, Historie of Councel of Trent 103.