Earle Bradford Mayfield (April 12, 1881 – June 23, 1964) was a Texas lawyer who, from 1907 to 1913, was a Texas State Senator. In 1922, he was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat. He was the first U.S. Senator to be widely considered by the voters to be a member of the revived Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s. Mayfield quietly accepted KKK support but never said he had joined.[2] He was defeated for reelection in 1928 when his opponent attacked his links to the KKK.[3][4][5]
Earle B. Mayfield | |
|---|---|
 | |
| United States Senator from Texas | |
| In office March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1929 | |
| Preceded by | Charles A. Culberson |
| Succeeded by | Tom Connally |
| Railroad Commissioner of Texas | |
| In office January 2, 1913 – March 1, 1923[1] | |
| Governor | Oscar Branch Colquitt James E. Ferguson William P. Hobby Pat Morris Neff |
| Preceded by | John L. Wortham |
| Succeeded by | Walter Marshall William Splawn |
| Member of the Texas Senate from the 27th district | |
| In office January 8, 1907 – September 25, 1912 | |
| Preceded by | Robert W. Martin |
| Succeeded by | Charles W. Taylor |
| Personal details | |
| Born | April 12, 1881 Overton, Texas, US |
| Died | June 23, 1964 (aged 83) Tyler, Texas, US |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse |
Ora Lumpkin (m. 1902) |
| Children | 3 |
Early life
editMayfield was born in Overton, Texas, April 12, 1881, to the marriage of John Blythe Mayfield (1857–1921) and Mary Ellen DeGuerin (maiden; 1859–1886). He graduated from high school in Timpson, Texas, and then from Tyler Business College.
In 1900, Mayfield graduated from Southwestern University, and he studied law at the University of Texas at Austin from 1900 to 1901. He continued to study law, was admitted to the bar in 1907, and practiced in Meridian, Bosque County. Mayfield was also involved in several business ventures including the wholesale grocery industry and operation of several farms.
Political career
editState politics
editMayfield, a Democrat, was elected to the Texas State Senate, where he served from 1907 to 1913. He was also a member of the Texas Railroad Commission from 1913 to 1923.
United States Senate
editIn 1922, Mayfield was one of six candidates who challenged five-term United States Senator Charles A. Culberson for the Democratic senatorial nomination. In the ensuing runoff between Mayfield and former Governor James E. Ferguson, Mayfield was openly allied with the Ku Klux Klan[3][6] in support of prohibition and continued segregation of Whites and Blacks, while Ferguson spoke-out against the Klan and was strongly against prohibition. At the time, the sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal throughout the United States under the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
After securing the endorsement of the other U.S. Senator from Texas, Morris Sheppard of Texarkana, Mayfield won the Democratic nomination. In the general election held on November 7, 1922, Mayfield faced the Independent candidate George Peddy, who also had the backing of the Republican Party. Because Peddy's name was not on the ballot, his supporters waged a write-in campaign. Peddy's write-in effort netted him a third of the vote.
After the election, Peddy challenged the results on the grounds of disputes over filing deadlines and other technical issues. A Senate committee ruled in Mayfield's favor, and the full Senate voted to seat him, but his swearing in was delayed. He took office on December 3, 1923.[7] [8][9]
in 1928, Mayfield faced a large field of candidates, and was defeated in the runoff by Tom Connally, a member of the United States House of Representatives from McLennan County; winning the Democratic nomination was tantamount to winning the overall election. Connally went on to win the seat, succeeding Mayfield.
In 1930, Mayfield sought the Democratic nomination for governor, but finished seventh among eleven candidates. Ross Sterling won the election.
Retirement and death
editAfter losing his Senate seat, Mayfield moved to Tyler. He continued to practice law and manage his business interests until retiring in 1952.
Mayfield died in Tyler on June 23, 1964, and was buried at Oakwood Cemetery in Tyler.
Family
editOn June 10, 1902, in Bosque County, Texas, Mayfield married Ora Lumpkin (1882–1979).[10] They were the parents of three sons. Mayfield's uncle, Allison Mayfield (1860–1923), had been the Texas Secretary of State and, from January 5, 1897, Chairman of the Railroad Commission until his death, January 23, 1923.
Legacy
editMayfield received the honorary degree of doctor of humane letters from John Brown University in Siloam Springs, Arkansas.
Bibliography
editNotes
edit- ^ "Railroad Commissioners Past through Present". www.rrc.texas.gov. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
- ^ Thomas R. Pegram, One Hundred Percent American: The Rebirth and Decline of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s;; (2011) p 190.
- ^ a b Jackson, 1967.
- ^ McVeigh, March 2001, p. 2.
- ^ Chalmers.
- ^ McVeigh, March 2001.
- ^ "Peddy, George Edwin Bailey (1892–1951)", by Richard T. Fleming, Handbook of Texas, Texas State Historical Association
- ^ Fleming.
- ^ "Sen Res. 97," 1925.
- ^ Smyrl, Frank H. (July 14, 2019). "Mayfield, Earle Bradford (1881–1964)". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
References and further reading
edit- Brown, Norman D. Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921–1928 (Texas A&M University Press, 1984)
- Chalmers, David Mark (1987) [1965, 1968, 1981]. Hooded Americanism – History of the Ku Klux Klan (3rd ed.). Duke University Press. pp. 39, 43–48, 155, 200–201, 202–205, 283. ISBN 9780822307723. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Internet Archive. LCCN 86-29133, ISBN 0-8223-0730-8, 0-8223-0772-3, OCLC 885415020 (all editions).
- Fleming, Richard T. "Peddy, George Edwin Bailey (1892–1951)". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
- Jackson, Kenneth Terry (1967). The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915–1930. The Urban Life in America Series. Oxford University Press. pp. 96–99, 272, 322. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Internet Archive. LCCN 67-28129, OCLC 164461230 (all editions).
- McVeigh, Rory M. (March 2021). "Power Devaluation, the Ku Klux Klan, and the Democratic National Convention of 1924". Sociological Forum. 16 (1). Springer Publishing: 1–30. doi:10.1023/A:1007655818083. JSTOR 685027. S2CID 140848790. Retrieved May 10, 2021. ISSN 0884-8971 (publication), OCLC 5650025676 (article).
- "Senate Resolution 97, Authorizing the Investigation of Alleged Unlawful Practices in the Election of a Senator From Texas". Senator From Texas – Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Privileges and Elections. United States Congress – Sixty-Eighth Congress, First and Second Sessions. Printed for the use of the [U.S. Senate] Committee on Privileges and Elections. 1925. Retrieved May 10, 2021 – via Google Books. pp. 609, 732, 742, 1242.
Sources
edit- United States Congress. "Earle B. Mayfield (id: M000281)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Earle Bradford Mayfield from the Handbook of Texas Online
