Wikipedia

European Conservatives and Reformists Group

(Redirected from ECR Group)
This article is about the parliamentary group. For the political party, see European Conservatives and Reformists Party.
For previous related groups, see European Conservatives and European Democrats.

The European Conservatives and Reformists Group (ECR Group or simply ECR) is a soft Eurosceptic,[22] anti-federalist[24] political group of the European Parliament. The ECR is the parliamentary group of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party (ECR Party) European political party, but also includes MEPs from other European parties and MEPs without European party affiliation.

European Conservatives and Reformists Group
European Parliament group
English abbr.ECR Group[1]
ECR
French abbr.CRE
Ideology
Political position
European partiesEuropean Conservatives and Reformists Party (majority)
European Free Alliance (minority)
European Christian Political Movement (majority)
Associated organisationsNew Direction
From22 June 2009[16]
Preceded byMovement for European Reform
Chaired byNicola Procaccini
Joachim Brudziński
MEP(s)
78 / 720
Websitewww.ecrgroup.eu

Ideologically, the group is broadly eurosceptic, anti-federalist and right-wing, with centre-right and far-right factions.[8] The main objective of the ECR is to oppose unchecked European integration, enlargement and potential evolution of the European Union (EU) into a Federal European Superstate on the basis of Eurorealism, and to ensure the EU does not heavily encroach on matters of state and domestic and regional decision making within EU member countries.[25] It also advocates for stricter controls on immigration. The ECR contains factions of socially conservative, right-wing populist, liberal conservative, Christian democratic, far-right, and national conservative parties who all subscribe to an anti-federalist and a eurorealist or euro-critical stance.

The ECR promotes soft Euroscepticism, as opposed to a total rejection of the existence of the EU characterized by anti-EU-ism or hard euroscepticism, by calling for democratic reform of the EU, more transparency, changes to the Eurozone and EU migration/asylum policies, and the curbing some of the EU's powers and bureaucracy whilst maintaining unrestricted free trade and cooperation between nations.[26][27] Other parties and individual MEPs within the group support complete withdrawal from the block, referendums on EU membership and opposition to the Eurozone.[28]

The ECR was founded around the Movement for European Reform following the 2009 European elections at the behest of British Conservative Party leader David Cameron.

During the tenth European Parliament, the largest party in the group by number of MEPs is Brothers of Italy (FdI), followed by Polish Law and Justice (PiS).

History

edit

Origins: 2005–06

edit

In 2005, the British Conservative Party held a leadership contest. During the sixth term of the European Parliament, Conservative Party MEPs sat in the European Democrats (ED), a subgroup of the European People's Party–European Democrats (EPP-ED) group, which is dominated by the European People's Party (EPP). Leadership contender David Cameron argued for withdrawal of the Conservatives from EPP-ED and the formation of a new group. Upon taking office as Conservative leader in December 2005, Cameron indicated that the launch of a new group would be undertaken immediately.[29] The motives for forming this group was the EPP-ED was too federalist, while the Conservatives opposed stronger European integration.[30]

In June 2006, Cameron ordered Shadow Foreign Secretary William Hague to ensure the new group was created by 13 July 2006.[29] However, when that date arrived, it was announced that the launch of the new European Parliament group was delayed until after the 2009 elections.[31]

Movement for European Reform

edit
 
Mirek Topolánek

In the interim, a pan-European alliance, called the Movement for European Reform (MER), was founded and functioned outside of the European Parliament.[32] The same day, the Law and Justice and Civic Platform parties of Poland were identified as potential members of the new group: However, Civic Platform stated that it would not leave the EPP, and the Law and Justice stated that it planned to stay aligned to UEN.[33] The next day, Sir Reg Empey, the leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), suggested that the UUP could join the new group after the 2009 election.[34] In the event of the election, the UUP ran under the banner of the Ulster Conservatives and Unionists, an electoral alliance between the Conservative Party and the Ulster Unionists.

The Czech Civic Democratic Party (ODS) was part of MER but its leader, Mirek Topolánek, did not rule out staying in EPP-ED.[35] Topolánek then attended the EPP Summit (a meeting of heads of state and government of the European People's Party) of 21 June 2007, adding speculation about the fragility of the new group.[36]

Later in 2007, the relations between the EPP and the Conservative Party further deteriorated when the EPP voiced its opposition to the UK holding a referendum of the Treaty of Lisbon, something the Conservatives had campaigned for.[30]

In July 2008, the European Parliament raised the 2009 threshold for forming a group to 25 members and representing 7 member states.[37] Topolánek, after being re-elected Leader of the ODS on 7 December 2008, attended yet another EPP Summit, on 11 December 2008.[38]

2009 European Parliament elections

edit

As the 2009 European elections approached, Cameron, Topolánek, and Conservative MEP Geoffrey Van Orden (a 'point-man' for the new group)[39] were looking for partners. The list of possible partners was kept secret.[40]

People or parties that were rumoured to be possible partners in the new group included Law and Justice;[41][42][43] Lega Nord;[41][44] the Danish People's Party;[41][44] For Fatherland and Freedom,[40][41] Order and Justice,[41] the Pensioners' Party;[45] Order, Law and Justice;[39][46][47] Libertas;[48] Civic Union;[49] Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania,[49] ChristianUnion-SGP;[50] the independent Indrek Tarand;[49] and Lijst Dedecker's Derk Jan Eppink;[41][42] from member states such as the Czech Republic,[51][52] Poland,[51][52] Italy,[51] Sweden,[51] the Baltic and Balkan states,[51] Belgium,[52] and the Netherlands.[52] Speculation also considered the remnants of the Union for Europe of the Nations (UEN) group, which was thought to be on the verge of collapse[according to whom?] after the decision of Fianna Fáil to join the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE)[53] and the Italian National Alliance merging with EPP member party Forza Italia. Lajos Bokros, elected on the list of the Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) joined the group as the EPP did not want to accept him on pressure of the rival Fidesz.

The new group was provisionally named the European Conservatives,[43] (echoing the 1970s group of the same name), which was then changed to European Conservatives and Reformists.[54] The original estimates were firmed up to 84 MEPs,[41] then to approximately 60.[52] Frictions surfaced, as the ODS wanted the new group to have as many MEPs as possible, whilst the Conservatives wanted to disbar anti-immigrant parties in the new group, including the Danish People's Party and Lega Nord.[44]

Formation

edit
 
Former ECR chairman, Michał Kamiński

On 22 June 2009, the first official list of the new group's members was released.[23] On 24 June, the group held its inaugural meeting, in which Conservative MEP Timothy Kirkhope was named interim leader.[55] Adam Bielan of PiS and Jan Zahradil of the ODS were named interim vice-chairmen.

At the first sitting of the Seventh European Parliament, on 14 July 2009, outgoing Parliament President Hans-Gert Pöttering announced that applications from all new and returning groups had been received and approved, including ECR. The group then became eligible for EU funding, office space, and committee places.

The first election for the group leadership was also scheduled for 14 July 2009, pitting interim leader Kirkhope against fellow Briton Geoffrey Van Orden.[56] However, both Conservative leadership candidates were forced to forfeit the leadership to prevent it from falling apart, when Conservative MEP Edward McMillan-Scott defied his party whip and stood for one of the vice-presidency posts despite pledges the previous week that Polish MEP Michał Kamiński would be backed for it. Kamiński's bid for Vice-President of the European Parliament subsequently failed, and the Polish MEPs threatened to abandon the new caucus unless Kamiński was made the group leader in the parliament.[57] Kirkhope went to an emergency meeting with Polish MEPs in Strasbourg and proposed sharing the group leadership with the Kamiński; however, this was not accepted, and he had to step down as coalition leader, withdrawing in favour of Kamiński. McMillan-Scott, who alleged that the Conservative's new allies in Poland are 'racist and homophobic', had the Conservative whip withdrawn in the European Parliament.[58][59] In March 2010, McMillan-Scott joined the British Liberal Democrats and the ALDE group.[60]

Leadership and membership changes 2009-2014

edit

Group chairman Kamiński left Law and Justice (PiS) in November 2010, saying that the party had been taken over by the far-right. Kamiński and other Law and Justice MPs and MEPs formed a new Polish party, Poland Comes First, formed as a breakaway from Law and Justice following dissatisfaction with the direction and leadership of Jarosław Kaczyński. Kamiński initially remained chairman of the group, but other Law and Justice MEPs argued he should step down.[61] On 15 December, rumours emerged that the eleven remaining PiS MEPs might leave the ECR and join the right-wing Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group instead.[62]

In February 2011, Kamiński announced he would resign his chairmanship, effective 8 March, when a replacement would be elected. Former interim leader Timothy Kirkhope was said to be the front runner,[63] but lost the election to Jan Zahradil of the Czech Republic's ODS.[64] In late March, David Cameron invited the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) to join the group.[65]

The May 2011 resignation of Silvana Koch-Mehrin, one of the fourteen Vice-Presidents of the European Parliament, led to the ECR considering putting another candidate forward to take the position they were denied through McMillan-Scott's defection.[66] Conservative Party MEP Giles Chichester was nominated on 31 May, and was elected unopposed by the Parliament on 5 July 2011,[67] after the ALDE group to which Koch-Mehrin belongs failed to find a willing and suitable candidate.[68]

On 14 December 2011, a new leadership was elected, with Martin Callanan as chairman and Jan Zahradil, Geoffrey Van Orden, Ryszard Legutko, and Derk Jan Eppink as Vice-Chairmen. On 26 December 2011, four members of United Poland – who had split from Law and Justice in November – left the ECR to join the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) group. On 17 January 2012, Czech Oldřich Vlasák replaced Chichester as the ECR's Vice-President of the Parliament.

2014 European Parliament elections

edit
 
Bernd Lucke, former leader of Alternative for Germany

The 2014 European elections were held on 22–25 May 2014. In the weeks following the election, several parties joined the ECR, including the Danish People's Party and the Finns Party (both of which switched from the EFD group), Alternative for Germany, the Family Party of Germany, Ordinary People and Independent Personalities (OĽaNO) and New Majority (NOVA) from Slovakia, the Independent Greeks, Bulgaria Without Censorship, the Dutch Reformed Political Party, and the Belgian New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) (previously attached to the Greens/EFA group).[69][70][71][72][73] As a result of these additions, the ECR overtook ALDE to become the third biggest group in the European parliament,[74] assuming the role of "kingmakers" in the new parliament.[75]

On 23 June, Irish Fianna Fáil MEP Brian Crowley joined from the ALDE group, but without the permission of his party or its leader Micheál Martin, who removed Crowley's party whip the following day.[76][77] On the same day, IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement joined,[78][non-primary source needed] taking the group to 70 MEPs.

The ECR's unanimous decision to admit the Danish People's Party and Finns Party as members was criticised because one MEP from each party has a criminal conviction.[79][80] Morten Messerschmidt, lead candidate for the Danish People's Party, was convicted in 2002 for publishing material that appeared to suggest that there is a link between a multiethnic society and rape, violence and forced marriages.[81] Jussi Halla-aho, a Finns Party MEP, was convicted in 2012 after writing a 2008 blog entry which claimed that Islam "reveres paedophilia".[81] However, Syed Kamall, the ECR's chairman, who is a practising Muslim, defended the new members.[81]

Following the election, British Conservative MEP Sajjad Karim was the group's candidate for President of the European Parliament.[82]

On 8 March 2016, the bureau of the ECR Group began motions to exclude the two remaining MEPs of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) from their group due to the AfD's links with the far-right Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and controversial remarks about immigration, inviting the MEPs to voluntarily leave the group by 31 March, with a motion of exclusion to be tabled on 12 April otherwise.[83][84]

Changes in membership 2014–2019

edit

2019 European Parliament elections and shift to the right

edit

Prior to the 2019 elections, the Sweden Democrats (SD) and Brothers of Italy joined the ECR group,[93] while Forum for Democracy (FvD) and Debout la France pledged to do so after the elections should they win seats.[94]

Two ECR member parties, the Danish People's Party and the Finns Party, announced their intention to form a new group called the European Alliance for People and Nations with Alternative for Germany and Italy's League following the 2019 elections which was subsequently named Identity and Democracy.[95]

During the 2019 elections, the British Conservative Party sustained losses, including that of former ECR chairman Syed Kamall. The ECR also saw its total number of MEPs reduced to 62 MEPs and was overtaken in number by Identity and Democracy, the other predominant eurosceptic grouping. However, the FvD and the new Spanish Vox party gained seats for the first time and were formally admitted into the group.

Following the election, the group named Raffaele Fitto and Ryszard Legutko as new joint chairmen.

Changes in membership 2019–2024

edit

The Dutch Christian Union (CU) quit the group following the 2019 elections and switched to the European People's Party Group with the CU's sole MEP Peter van Dalen protesting that the ECR was moving too far to the right with the inclusion of parties like Forum for Democracy, Vox and the Sweden Democrats.[citation needed] The fellow Dutch Reformed Political Party opted to remain the group, signalling the end of an alliance the CU and Reformed party had during European elections.

On 31 January 2020, the remaining British Conservative Party MEPs resigned from the group following the completion of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

In May 2020, Cristian Terheș announced he was joining the ECR group as an MEP for the Romanian Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (which had previously been expelled from the European People's Party Group) having initially been elected for the Social Democratic Party.[96]

In 2020, all MEPs of the Forum for Democracy party resigned to sit as independents before co-founding a new party, JA21. In 2022, Forum for Democracy switched its affiliation to the Identity and Democracy group.

In 2023, the Finns Party switched back its affiliation from the Identity and Democracy group to the ECR group citing the Russian invasion of Ukraine and their change in policy regarding NATO membership.[97]

2024 European Parliament elections

edit

For the 2024 European Parliament election the ECR campaigned for revisions to the European Green New Deal and for stronger border control measures. The group increased its number of MEPs to 84 and became the third largest group in the European Parliament, overtaking Renew Europe.[98] After the election, the Alternative Democratic Reform Party of Luxembourg, the Cypriot National People's Front, the Homeland Movement, the Alliance for the Union of Romanians and the Romanian National Conservative Party were formally admitted into the group along with Reconquête (which had stood on a joint ticket with the Mouvement Conservateur) and the Denmark Democrats.[99]

In June 2024, four out of the five newly elected Reconquête MEPs were expelled or resigned to sit as independents within the group after lead candidate Marion Marechal called on members of the party to support the National Rally during the French legislative election. Reconquête's sole remaining MEP Sarah Knafo joined the new Europe of Sovereign Nations group instead while the former members stayed with the ECR.[100]

Prior to the election, there was media speculation that Hungary's Viktor Orbán and his Fidesz party would join the group after talks with Brothers of Italy leader Giorgia Meloni, however after the election it was alleged Fidesz was blocked from joining the ECR while other press outlets claimed that Fidesz chose not to join due to previous disagreements with the Alliance for the Union of Romanians.[101][102] After this Orbán formed the Patriots for Europe group.

On 3 July 2024 the group elected Nicola Procaccini (FdI) and Joachim Brudziński (PiS) as co-chair, with 4 vice-chairs and 2 co-treasurers.[103][104]

On 3 July 2024, Jaak Madison, an independent Estonian MEP who formerly was a member of the Conservative People's Party of Estonia, joined the ECR Group.[105] On 22 August, Madison joined the Estonian Centre Party. Although the Estonian Centre Party is currently part of the Renew Europe group, Madison will remain a member of the ECR Group, and the Centre Party's leader, Mihhail Kõlvart, stated that the party is considering leaving Renew Europe.[106]

On 5 July, the Spanish Vox, with 6 MEPs, announced its intention to leave the ECR to join the new Patriots for Europe group. In a statement on Twitter, Vox leader Santiago Abascal expressed gratitude to the ECR group and said his party would continue to maintain strong relations with Meloni, but argued the move was a "historic opportunity to fight against a coalition of centre-right, socialist and far-left forces."[107][108] Following Vox's departure, Se Acabó La Fiesta (SALF), with 3 MEPs, announced it would seek to join the ECR,[109] with the ECR stating it would make a decision in September,[110] though it ultimately declined SALF's request.[111]

On 29 July, the Sweden Democrats, Denmark Democrats and Finns Party formed the 'Nordic Freedom' alliance within the ECR, due to shared positions on Russia, immigration and EU regulations.[112]

On 31 August, Homeland Movement MEP Stephen Nikola Bartulica left the party, making him an independent member of the ECR.[113]

Ideology

edit
 
The Prague Declaration was first proposed in 2003.

The constituent declaration of the ECR stating the principles to which each group member is expected to adhere is known as the Prague Declaration. The Prague Declaration outlines the following principles:[114]

  1. Free enterprise, free and fair trade and competition, minimal regulation, lower taxation, and small government as the ultimate catalysts for individual freedom and personal and national prosperity.
  2. Freedom of the individual, more personal responsibility and greater democratic accountability.
  3. Sustainable, clean energy supply with an emphasis on energy security.
  4. The importance of the family as the bedrock of society.
  5. The sovereign integrity of the nation state, opposition to EU federalism and a renewed respect for true subsidiarity.
  6. The over-riding value of the transatlantic security relationship in a revitalised NATO, and support for young democracies across Europe.
  7. Effectively controlled immigration and an end to abuse of asylum procedures
  8. Efficient and modern public services and sensitivity to the needs of both rural and urban communities.
  9. An end to waste and excessive bureaucracy and a commitment to greater transparency and probity in the EU institutions and use of EU funds.
  10. Respect and equitable treatment for all EU countries, new and old, large and small.

Ideologically, the founder members of the ECR traditionally sat on the centre-right[115] to right-wing[116] of the political spectrum with an economically liberal and anti-federalist outlook and an initial reluctance from the Conservative Party to include hardline anti-immigration and ultra-nationalist parties. Like the centre-right European People's Party (EPP), the founding members of the ECR mostly support pro-free market ideas with some of its MEPs maintaining ties to think-tanks such as The Cobden Centre and Open Europe,[117] as opposed to the more economic nationalist and anti-globalization approach of other euro-critical groups such as the EFDD and Identity and Democracy. However, the EPP generally favours EU integration and enlargement whereas the ECR opposes it.

In recent years, the group has come to contain a growing faction of nationalist, anti-immigration and right-wing populist movements.[5] This shift to the right was increased following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, since the Conservative Party lost its representation in the European Parliament.

In a statement issued on 11 November 2021, two core political documents were cited by the Group's Co-Chairmen, Ryszard Legutko and Raffaele Fitto, to define the ECR's ideological basis when they reaffirmed the Group's "commitment to the Prague Declaration and the ECR Statement on the Reform of the European Union".[118][119]

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the group has come to comprise generally pro-Ukrainian and anti-Russian parties, whereas Identity and Democracy mainly consists of pro-Russian parties. In February 2023, the group's chairman Legutko stated that the group shall stand by Ukraine until Russia is defeated and beyond.[120][121][122] Following the 2023 Finnish parliamentary election, the Finns Party, having previously moved to ID, rejoined ECR citing their change in policy to endorse Finnish NATO membership as the reason for the move.[123] Members of the ECR tend to be pro-NATO and support Atlanticism, including more coordination between Europe and the United States, while taking a more critical view on the influence of China and Russia in Europe.[124][125][126]

MEPs

edit

10th European Parliament

edit
Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2024–2029)
 
European Conservatives and Reformists MEPs (2024-2029) has MEPs in 18 member states. Dark blue indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light blue indicates member states sending a single MEP.
State National party European party MEPs[127]
  Belgium New Flemish Alliance
Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (N-VA) 		EFA
3 / 22
  Bulgaria There is Such a People
Има такъв народ (ITN) 		None
1 / 17
  Croatia Home and National Gathering [hr]
Dom i nacionalno okupljanje (DOMiNO) 		None
1 / 12
  Cyprus National People's Front
Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο (ELAM) 		None
1 / 6
  Czech Republic Civic Democratic Party
Občanská demokratická strana (ODS) 		ECR
3 / 21
  Denmark Denmark Democrats
Danmarksdemokraterne (Æ) 		None
1 / 15
  Estonia Estonian Centre Party[a]
Eesti Keskerakond (KE) 		None
1 / 7
  Finland Finns Party
Perussuomalaiset (PS) 		None
1 / 15
  France Identity–Freedoms
Identité-Libertés (IDL) 		None
4 / 81
  Greece Greek Solution
Ελληνική Λύση (ΕΛ) 		None
2 / 21
  Italy Brothers of Italy
Fratelli d'Italia (FdI) 		ECR
24 / 76
  Latvia National Alliance
Nacionālā Apvienība (NA) 		ECR
2 / 9
United List
Apvienotais saraksts (AS) 		None
1 / 9
  Lithuania Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance
Lietuvos lenkų rinkimų akcija – Krikščioniškų šeimų sąjunga (LLRA–KŠS)
Akcja Wyborcza Polaków na Litwie – Związek Chrześcijańskich Rodzin (AWPL–ZCHR) 		ECR
1 / 11
Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union
Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga (LVŽS) 		None
1 / 11
  Luxembourg Alternative Democratic Reform Party
Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei (ADR) 		ECR
1 / 6
  Netherlands Reformed Political Party
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP) 		ECPM
1 / 31
  Poland Law and Justice
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) 		ECR
20 / 52
  Romania Alliance for the Union of Romanians
Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor (AUR) 		None
5 / 33
Romanian National Conservative Party
Partidul Național Conservator Român (PNCR) 		ECPM
1 / 33
  Sweden Sweden Democrats
Sverigedemokraterna (SD) 		ECR
3 / 21
  European Union Total
78 / 720

9th European Parliament

edit
Main article: List of members of the European Parliament (2019–2024)
 
European Conservatives and Reformists MEPs (2019–2024) has MEPs in 15 member states. Dark blue indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light blue indicates member states sending a single MEP.
State National party European party MEPs[128]
  Belgium New Flemish Alliance
Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (N-VA) 		EFA
3 / 21
  Bulgaria IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement
ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение (ВМРО – БНД) 		ECR
2 / 17
  Croatia Croatian Sovereignists
Hrvatski Suverenisti (HS) 		ECR
1 / 12
  Czech Republic Civic Democratic Party
Občanská demokratická strana (ODS) 		ECR
4 / 21
  Finland Finns Party
Perussuomalaiset (PS) 		None
2 / 14
  France Reconquest
Reconquête! (R!) 		None
1 / 79
  Germany Alliance Germany
Bündnis Deutschland (BD) 		None
1 / 96
  Greece Greek Solution
Ελληνική Λύση (ΕΛ) 		None
1 / 21
  Italy Brothers of Italy
Fratelli d'Italia (FdI) 		ECR
10 / 76
  Latvia National Alliance
Nacionālā Apvienība (NA) 		ECR
2 / 8
  Lithuania Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance
Lietuvos lenkų rinkimų akcija – Krikščioniškų šeimų sąjunga (LLRA–KŠS)
Akcja Wyborcza Polaków na Litwie – Związek Chrześcijańskich Rodzin (AWPL–ZCHR) 		ECR
1 / 11
  Netherlands JA21
JA21 		None
3 / 29
Reformed Political Party
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP) 		ECPM
1 / 29
More Direct Democracy
Meer Directe Democratie (MDD) 		None
1 / 29
  Poland Law and Justice
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) 		ECR
25 / 52
Sovereign Poland
Suwerenna Polska (SP) 		None
2 / 52
  Romania Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
Partidul Național Țărănesc Creștin Democrat (PNȚ-CD) 		ECPM
1 / 33
  Slovakia Freedom and Solidarity
Sloboda a Solidarita (SaS) 		ECR
1 / 14
  Spain Vox
Vox 		ECR
4 / 59
  Sweden Sweden Democrats
Sverigedemokraterna (SD) 		ECR
3 / 21
  European Union Total
69 / 705

8th European Parliament

edit
Country National party European party MEPs Date joined
  Belgium New Flemish Alliance
Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (N-VA) 		EFA
4 / 21
 18 June 2014
  Bulgaria Bulgarian National Movement
ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение (IMRO-BNM) 		None
1 / 17
 24 June 2014
Reload Bulgaria
Презареди България (BG) 		ACRE
1 / 17
 12 June 2014
  Croatia Croatian Conservative Party
Hrvatska konzervativna stranka (HKS) 		ACRE
1 / 12
 1 July 2013
  Cyprus Solidarity Movement
Κίνημα Αλληλεγγύη (KA) 		ACRE
1 / 6
 8 March 2016
  Czech Republic Civic Democratic Party
Občanská demokratická strana (ODS) 		ACRE
2 / 21
 22 June 2009
  Denmark Danish People's Party
Dansk Folkeparti (DF) 		EAPN
3 / 13
 4 June 2014
  Finland Finns Party
Perussuomalaiset (PS) 		EAPN
2 / 13
 4 June 2014
  Germany Liberal Conservative Reformers[b]
Liberal-Konservative Reformer (LKR) 		ACRE
4 / 96
 12 June 2014
Alliance C
Bündnis C (AUF & PBC) 		ECPM
1 / 96
 4 June 2014
Independent[c] Independent
1 / 96
 29 September 2018
  Greece Independent[d] Independent
1 / 21
 4 June 2014
  Italy Brothers of Italy
Fratelli d'Italia (FdI) 		ACRE
2 / 73
 17 December 2018
Direction Italy
Direzione Italia (DI) 		ACRE
2 / 73
 19 May 2015
  Latvia National Alliance
Nacionālā Apvienība (NA) 		ACRE
1 / 8
 22 June 2009
  Lithuania Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania[e]
Lietuvos lenkų rinkimų akcija (LLRA–KŠS) 		ACRE
1 / 11
 23 June 2009
  Netherlands Christian Union
ChristenUnie (CU) 		ECPM
1 / 26
 22 June 2009
Reformed Political Party
Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (SGP) 		ECPM
1 / 26
 16 June 2014
  Poland Law and Justice
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) 		ACRE
14 / 51
 22 June 2009
Right Wing of the Republic
Prawica Rzeczypospolitej (PR) 		ECPM
1 / 51
 1 July 2014
Independent[f] Independent
4 / 51
 1 July 2014
  Romania M10 ACRE
1 / 32
 27 October 2015
  Slovakia Freedom and Solidarity
Sloboda a Solidarita (SaS) 		ACRE
1 / 13
 8 October 2014
New Majority
NOVA 		ACRE
1 / 13
 4 June 2014
Ordinary People
Obyčajní Ľudia a nezávislé osobnosti (OĽaNO) 		ECPM
1 / 13
 4 June 2014
  Sweden Sweden Democrats
Sverigedemokraterna (SD) 		None
2 / 20
 3 July 2018
  United Kingdom Conservative Party
Conservative and Unionist Party (Con) 		ACRE
8 / 73
 22 June 2009
Ulster Unionist Party
(UUP) 		ACRE
1 / 73
 22 June 2009
  European Union Total
63 / 751
  1. ^ Only Jaak Madison. The party's other MEP sits with Renew Europe
  2. ^ Bernd Lucke left AfD with 4 more MEPs after losing leadership of his party in 2015. The remaining two AfD members, Beatrix von Storch and Marcus Pretzell were expelled from the ECR group in 2016.
  3. ^ Left LKR.
  4. ^ Notis Marias left ANEL.
  5. ^ Full name: Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance
  6. ^ They are: Jacek Saryusz-Wolski, Mirosław Piotrowski, Urszula Krupa, Zdzisław Krasnodębski

Leadership

edit

Chairperson

edit
Chairperson Took office Left office Country
(Constituency) 		Party
Timothy Kirkhope   24 June
2009 		14 July
2009 		  United Kingdom
(Yorkshire and
the Humber) 		 
Conservative
Michał Kamiński   14 July
2009 		8 March
2011 		  Poland
(Warsaw)
Law and Justice
then

Poland Comes First
Jan Zahradil   8 March
2011 		14 December
2011 		  Czech Republic  
Civic Democratic Party
Martin Callanan   14 December
2011 		12 June
2014 		  United Kingdom
(North East England) 		 
Conservative
Syed Kamall   12 June
2014 		2 July
2019 		  United Kingdom
(London) 		 
Conservative
Raffaele Fitto*   2 July
2019 		12 October
2022 		  Italy
(Southern)
Brothers of Italy
Ryszard Legutko*   2 July
2019 		3 July
2024 		  Poland
(Lesser Poland and
Świętokrzyskie)
Law and Justice
Nicola Procaccini*   11 December
2019 		present   Italy
(Southern)
Brothers of Italy
Joachim Brudziński*   3 July
2024 		present   Poland
(Lubusz and West Pomeranian)
Law and Justice
  • Note: since 2019 The European Conservatives and Reformists group has had two co-chairpeople.

Group Bureau

edit
Main article: European Conservatives and Reformists Group Executive

As of 12 July 2024:[129]

Position Name Party
Co-President Joachim Brudziński   Law and Justice
Co-President Nicola Procaccini   Brothers of Italy
Vice-President Assita Kanko   New Flemish Alliance
Vice-President Charlie Weimers   Swedish Democrats
Vice-President Alexandr Vondra   Civic Democratic Party
Co-Treasurer Kosma Złotowski   Law and Justice
Co-Treasurer Denis Nesci   Brothers of Italy

Cohesion

edit

According to calculations by Vote Watch Europe, the ECR group had a cohesion rate of 86.65% in parliamentary votes during the 7th session (2009–14). This is slightly lower than in the four pro-European groups, but higher than in the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) and far higher than in the Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) groups. Internal cohesion was highest in votes on constitutional and inter-institutional affairs (94.79%), international trade, and industry, research & energy. The greatest divergence within the group was in decisions on regional development (70.53% cohesion), agriculture, and development (cooperation).[130] The parties that were most loyal to the group (meaning that they voted with the majority of ECR members the most often) were the UK Conservatives (97.51%), the Ulster Unionist Party and the Czech Civic Democratic Party. The members who deviated from the ECR majority the most often were the individual MEPs Andreasen from the UK (who had switched over from EFD group only in 2013; 61.20% loyalty), Muscardini from Italy, and Rosbach (who had crossed over from EFD in 2011).[131]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Who we are? // ECR Group". Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  2. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "European Union". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  3. ^ Alan Siaroff (2019). Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections Since 1945. Taylor & Francis. p. 469. ISBN 978-1-317-49876-6.
  4. ^ [2][3]
  5. ^ a b "Dutch and Greek far-right parties join ECR Group". European Interest. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  6. ^ Rathgeb, Philip (2024). "United in Diversity: The Economic Policy Platforms of the EU's Far Right". pp. 66–69.
  7. ^ Tim Bale; Seán Hanley; Aleks Szczerbiak (March 2010). "'May Contain Nuts'? The Reality behind the Rhetoric Surrounding the British Conservatives' New Group in the European Parliament". The Political Quarterly. 81 (1): 85–98. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2009.02067.x. when taken together they form not so much a coherent whole as a mix of liberal conservatives (the Conservatives, ODS, LDD and MDF) and conservative nationalists (PiS and TB-LNNK).
  8. ^ a b
  9. ^ "Ursula von der Leyen makes final pledges to secure EU's top job". The Guardian. 15 July 2019. Von der Leyen says in her letters that she hopes the "snapshot" on her positions, some of which are retreads of previous proposals from the commission, will reassure her critics, although there is a risk of putting off MEPs within the more Eurosceptic and rightwing European Conservatives and Reformists group, in which Poland's Law and Justice is the largest party.
  10. ^ "Explainer: Von der Leyen's rocky path to confirmation as EU Commission chief". Reuters. 12 July 2019. The right-wing European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), will decide just ahead of the vote whether to support von der Leyen, but officials say the group is divided over the issue.
  11. ^ [8][9][10]
  12. ^ "Dutch and Greek far-right parties join ECR Group". European Interest. 6 June 2019.
  13. ^ McDonnell, Duncan; Werner, Annika (4 May 2018). "Respectable radicals: why some radical right parties in the European Parliament forsake policy congruence". Journal of European Public Policy. 25 (5): 747–763. doi:10.1080/13501763.2017.1298659. ISSN 1350-1763. S2CID 157162610.
  14. ^ Falkner, Gerda; Plattner, Georg (2018). "Populist Radical Right Parties and EU Policies: How coherent are their claims?" (PDF). EUI Working Paper RSCAS (38): 5.
  15. ^ [12][13][14]
  16. ^ a b François Foret (2015). Religion and Politics in the European Union: The Secular Canopy. Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-107-08271-7.
  17. ^ a b Christophe Gillissen (2010). Ireland: Looking East. Peter Lang. p. 157. ISBN 978-90-5201-652-8.
  18. ^ Jørn Holm-Hansen (2011). "Continuity and Change in Polish Party Politics Since 1989". In Ingo Peters; Elisabeth Bakke (eds.). 20 Years Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall: Transitions, State Break-Up and Democratic Politics in Central Europe and Germany. BWV Verlag. p. 277. ISBN 978-3-8305-1975-1. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  19. ^ Senem Aydin-Düzgit (2012). Constructions of European Identity: Debates and Discourses on Turkey and the EU. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-137-28351-1.
  20. ^ Hans Slomp (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics [2 volumes]: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8.
  21. ^ Matt Cole; Helen Deighan (2012). Political Parties in Britain. Oxford University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7486-6903-5.
  22. ^ [17][18][19][20][21]
  23. ^ a b "Conservative MEPs form new group". BBC. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
  24. ^ [16][17][23]
  25. ^ Reformists, European Conservatives and. "ECR Group – European Conservatives and Reformists Group". ecrgroup.eu. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  26. ^ Erkanor Saka (2009). Mediating the EU: Deciphering the Transformation of Turkish Elites (PhD Thesis). p. 202. ISBN 978-1-109-21663-9. Retrieved 9 March 2016.[permanent dead link]
  27. ^ Matthew (26 October 2011). "Why anti-EUism is not left-wing". Workers' Liberty. Alliance for Workers Liberty. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  28. ^ "Senior Tory MEP urged to quit over Brexit support". Politico. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  29. ^ a b Kite, Melissa (11 June 2006). "Cameron gives Hague month to get MEPs out of Brussels group". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
  30. ^ a b "Tories leaving Europe's EPP group". BBC News. 11 March 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  31. ^ Kubosova, Lucia (13 July 2006). "Plans to form new MEP group kicked into 2009". EUobserver. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  32. ^ "Cameron Euro declaration". BBC News. 13 July 2006. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  33. ^ Mulvey, Steven (13 July 2006). "Q & A: The Tories and the EPP". BBC News. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
  34. ^ "Could the UUP be ready to leave the European Democrats?". The Belfast News Letter. 14 July 2006.
  35. ^ "Will Mirek really leave the EPP-ED?". EUobserver. 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
  36. ^ "16 Heads of State meet at an EPP summit". European People's Party. 2007. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2008.
  37. ^ "European Parliament increases threshold to form a political group". European Parliament. 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
  38. ^ "EPP calls on the EU for a solution for ratification of the Lisbon Treaty". European People's Party. 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008.[permanent dead link]
  39. ^ a b "EU Conservatives Stand Firm behind Bulgaria's Order, Law and Justice Party". Novinite. 5 April 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
  40. ^ a b "Those exceptional British". The Economist. 26 March 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g Taylor, Simon (12 March 2009). "UK Conservatives to leave the EPP-ED group". European Voice. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
  42. ^ a b Moszynski, Piotr (2009). "La rupture conservatrice" (in French). Radio France International. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
  43. ^ a b Smyth, Jamie (13 March 2009). "Tories to set up new parliamentary group". The Irish Times. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  44. ^ a b c Charter, David (17 June 2009). "Tory party upsets Czech partners with choice of anti-federalist MEPs". The Times. London. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
  45. ^ Mardell, Mark (24 March 2009). "Tories look for new partners". BBC News. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
  46. ^ "UK Conservative Party Leader Cameron Welcomes Bulgaria Opposition MP Yanev". Novinite. 27 March 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
  47. ^ Hix, Simon, Michael Marsh and Nick Vivyan (23 April 2009). "Predict 09 – Analysis by Member State – Bulgaria". Burson-Marsteller. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ "New conservative group to rock next Parliament". EurActiv.com. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  49. ^ a b c Traynor, Ian (9 June 2009). "David Cameron on track to form alliance of Eurosceptics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
  50. ^ "EU vote: CU/SGP may link to Conservatives". DutchNews.nl. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
  51. ^ a b c d e Grossman, David (10 March 2009). "The Tories' European dilemma". BBC. Retrieved 11 March 2009.
  52. ^ a b c d e Banks, Martin (25 March 2009). "UK Tories 'well on track' to forming new EU grouping". Theparliament.com. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  53. ^ Connolly, Niamh (15 March 2009). "FF to join liberal Euro group next month". The Sunday Business Post. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
  54. ^ Charter, David (15 May 2009). "David Cameron's new European allies set to include odd bedfellows". The Times. London. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  55. ^ Banks, Martin (25 March 2009). "Tory MEP voices 'real concern' over new European grouping". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  56. ^ Banks, Martin (9 July 2009). "British Tories fight it out for leadership of new Eurosceptic group". Theparliament.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
  57. ^ Ian Traynor in Strasbourg (15 July 2009). "Tories give up EU parliamentary leadership of Eurosceptic group | Politics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  58. ^ "Conservatives expel MEP after row over right-wing bloc". New Statesman. 15 July 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
  59. ^ "McMillan-Scott hits back at allegations of disloyalty". Theparliament.com. 15 July 2009. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  60. ^ "Ex-Tory MEP Edward McMillan-Scott joins Lib Dems". BBC News. 12 March 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2010.
  61. ^ Conservatives' EU alliance in turmoil as Michał Kamiński leaves 'far right' party, The Guardian, 22 November 2010
  62. ^ "Future of EU parliament group under renewed pressure". Theparliament.com. 15 December 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  63. ^ "Conservative confusion". European Voice. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
  64. ^ Taylor, Simon (8 March 2011). "Czech beats British Conservative to lead EP group". European Voice.
  65. ^ "When Dave met Bart". European Voice. 24 March 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
  66. ^ "Jostling for position". European Voice. 19 May 2011.
  67. ^ "Chichester and Podimata appointed vice-presidents". European Voice. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  68. ^ "Just the job for a liberal?". European Voice. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  69. ^ Barker, Alex (4 June 2014). "MEPs with criminal records join Tories' eurosceptic group". Financial Times. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  70. ^ Cerulus, Laurens (5 June 2014). "Cameron's group challenges liberals as kingmakers in new Parliament". EurActive. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  71. ^ "Belder in ECR". 16 June 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  72. ^ Van Overtveldt, Johan (18 June 2014). "N-VA kiest voor ECR-fractie in Europees Parlement" [N-VA chooses ECR Group in the European Parliament]. standaard.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  73. ^ "Flemish MEP row reveals tensions in Greens/EFA group". EurActiv.com. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  74. ^ "Liberals embarrassed as N-VA joins ECR, making it third largest Parliament group". EurActiv.com. 19 June 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  75. ^ "Cameron's group challenges liberals as kingmakers in new Parliament". EurActiv.com. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  76. ^ Bardon, Sarah (24 June 2014). "Fianna Fail expel MEP Brian Crowley – Irish Mirror Online". Irishmirror.ie. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  77. ^ "Brian Crowley loses Fianna Fáil whip". RTÉ News. 24 June 2014.
  78. ^ "Europe Decides on Twitter: "ALDE and ECR both gained new members today: Angel Dzhambazki from BG joined @ecrgroup Mircea Diaconu from RO joined @ALDEgroup #EP2014"". Twitter. 24 June 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  79. ^ Private Eye, Issue 1369, 27 June – 10 July 2014, pg. 16.
  80. ^ Watt, Nicholas (June 2014) "David Cameron accused over 'dubious' European Union partners" The Guardian, Thursday 5 June 2014 Accessed 25 June 2014.
  81. ^ a b c Barker, Alex (June 2014). "MEPs with criminal records join Tories' eurosceptic group" Financial Times, 4 June 2014 Accessed 25 June 2014.
  82. ^ "Sajjad's European Parliament Presidential campaign heats up". Sajjadkarim.eu. 15 June 2014. Archived from the original on 17 June 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  83. ^ "AfD links to Austrian far-right 'final straw' for ECR MEPs". 9 March 2016.
  84. ^ "EU parliament group tells German AfD party to leave". EUobserver. 9 March 2016.
  85. ^ "SaS leader Richard Sulík leaves ALDE and applies to join ECR | AECR". Aecr.eu. 2 October 2014. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  86. ^ "UKIP MEP Amjad Bashir defects to Conservative Party". BBC News. 24 January 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  87. ^ "Parlamento Ue, Fitto è entrato nel gruppo Ecr (19 mag 2015) – ilVelino/AGV NEWS". ilvelino.it. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  88. ^ "Movers and Shakers | The Parliament Magazine". theparliamentmagazine.eu. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  89. ^ "Comunicat de presă – Europarlamentar Monica Macovei". agerpres.ro. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  90. ^ "ECR group welcomes Eleni Theocharous". European Conservatives and Reformists group. 9 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  91. ^ "ECR group approves two new members, Peter Lundgren and Kristina Winberg". European Conservatives and Reformists group. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  92. ^ "Movers and Shakers – 17 December 2018". theparliamentmagazine.eu. 29 June 2020.
  93. ^ "Tory Eurosceptic alliance looks to Salvini after Brexit". Financial Times. 28 November 2018.
  94. ^ "Party leaders to join ECR group after EU elections". theparliamentmagazine.eu. 29 June 2020.
  95. ^ "EU's nationalist parties announce plans to join forces after May vote". Saudi Gazette. 8 April 2019.
  96. ^ "PSD a pierdut un europarlamentar. Cristian Terheș a trecut la grupul extremiștilor din Parlamentul European". www.digi24.ro (in Romanian). 12 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  97. ^ "Perussuomalaiset vaihtaa EU-parlamenttiryhmää". www.suomenuutiset.fi (in Finnish). 5 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  98. ^ "How will gains by the far right affect the European Parliament and EU?". Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  99. ^ "These are Europe's new MEPs". 13 June 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  100. ^ Ataman, Joseph (15 June 2024). "Barricades, betrayal and bust-ups: Macron triggers a wild week in French politics". CNN. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  101. ^ "Lo sfogo di Meloni: il «metodo è sbagliato, no a un pacchetto di nomine preconfezionato». La tattica per far salire i Conservatori". Corriere Della Serra. 18 June 2024.
  102. ^ "Orbán closes to ECR after Romania's AUR ultra-nationalists join group in EU Parliament". 20 June 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  103. ^ "ECR Group is constituted, grows to 84 MEPs". ECR Group. 3 July 2024. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024.
  104. ^ "ECR does not split. Fratelli d'Italia and PiS renew agreement for group's offices in the EU Parliament". eunews. 3 July 2024.
  105. ^ "Jaak Madison joins European Conservatives and Reformists". ERR. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  106. ^ "MEP, former EKRE MP joins Center Party". ERR. 22 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  107. ^ "Vox leaves Meloni's ECR for Orban's new 'Patriots' - TopNews - Ansa.it". Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 5 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  108. ^ "Spain's Vox and the Dutch Freedom party join Orbán's 'Patriots for Europe'". 5 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  109. ^ "Alvise se pasa al grupo de Meloni en el Parlamento Europeo tras la marcha de Vox". The Objective. 24 July 2024.
  110. ^ "El grupo de Meloni en la Eurocámara aplaza a septiembre la decisión de si admite a Alvise". 24 July 2024.
  111. ^ "Meloni excluye a Alvise de su grupo parlamentario en Europa pese a que él anunció su anexión en julio". Libertad Digital. 1 October 2024.
  112. ^ "Nordic MEPs promise 'Conservative revival' in Brussels". Brussels Signal. 29 July 2024.
  113. ^ "Bartulica napustio DP: Odbacujem svako političko nasilje pa i ovo Penavino". Kamenjar. 31 August 2024.
  114. ^ "The Prague Declaration : European Conservatives and Reformists Group". Ecrgroup.eu. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  115. ^ "Conservative MEPs form new 'anti-federalist' group in the European Parliament". The Daily Telegraph. London. 22 June 2009. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  116. ^ "New-look European Parliament". BBC News. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  117. ^ "Syed Kamall | The Cobden Centre". 7 September 2013.
  118. ^ "ECR Statement". www.ecrgroup.eu. 11 November 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  119. ^ "ECR Statement on the Future of the EU" (PDF). www.ecrgroup.eu. 8 March 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  120. ^ "Legutko: The ECR will stand by Ukraine until Russia is defeated and beyond // ECR Group". ECR Group. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  121. ^ Marsi, Federica. "European Parliament at crossroads as right-wing parties triumph in EU vote". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  122. ^ "The European Parliament elections: A sharp right turn?". Centre for European Reform. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  123. ^ "Far-right Finns Party moves to ECR group in EU Parliament". POLITICO. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  124. ^ "The European Conservatives and Reformists in the European Parliament want the EU and the US to coordinate their foreign policies more closely". Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  125. ^ "EU must be vigilant in response to Chinese efforts to change rules-based multilateral order". Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  126. ^ "Right-Wing Nationalists Rising — and Divided — as EU Vote Looms". Voice of America. 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  127. ^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  128. ^ "MEPs by Member State and political group". Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  129. ^ "ECR at 78 MEPs for term start // ECR Group". ECR Group. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  130. ^ Cohesion of (trans-national) political groups in the European Parliament, Vote Watch Europe, archived from the original on 13 July 2014, retrieved 2 July 2014
  131. ^ National party statistics – Voting loyalty to political group: ECR – European Conservatives and Reformists Group regarding All policy areas in the interval 2009-07-14 – 2014-07-14, Vote Watch Europe, archived from the original on 9 July 2014, retrieved 2 July 2014
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Conservatives and Reformists Group.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group&oldid=1254432184"