Arthur Furst (December 25, 1914 – December 1, 2005) was an American born toxicologist and cancer researcher. He was involved in the creation of the Cancer Chemotherapy Laboratory at Stanford Medical School.
Early life and education
editHe was born in Minneapolis, and orphaned at the age of four. [1] He earned an A.A. in Psychology at City College of Los Angeles. Later he transferred to UCLA, where he earned an A.B. in Chemistry (1937) with minors in mathematics, physics, and psychology, and an M.A. in Chemistry (1940) with minors in mathematics and education. [2] [3] He received his Ph.D. from Stanford in 1948. [1]
He married Florence Wolovith in 1940. They had four children. [1]
Career
editShortly after graduation from UCLA, Arthur took a teaching position at San Francisco City College. He taught chemistry and related classes at SFCC for seven years before accepting a full-time Assistant Professorship at USF in 1947.[4]
In 1952, Furst left USF to join the emerging cancer research program at the Stanford University Medical School, taking the position of Associate Professor of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Medicinal Chemistry). The idea of using specific chemicals in medical treatment was beginning to draw a great deal of attention within the cancer research community. By 1953, he made a presentation on the subject to the American Chemical Society and received his first research grant from the American Cancer Society.[5]
In 1954, Furst was a keynote speaker at Stanford on the American Cancer Society’s National Tour of Cancer Research Centers. Furst’s work was showing that extracts from plants could be modified in ways so that they became cancer fighters. Developing more than 200 variants of these compounds, he found that some were very effective at killing off specific cancer cells.[6]
In 1956 he presented before the Argonne National Laboratories Division of Biological and Medical Research, international conferences on Medicinal Chemistry, as well as being an invited lecturer at Harvard’s Children’s Cancer Research Foundation with cancer specialist Dr. Sidney Farber.[7]
In 1957, Dr. Furst was promoted to Full Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at Stanford and received research grant from the US Public Health Service for his Cancer Chemotherapy Program.[8]
In 1958, he presented a new discovery called "Mineral Chelation".[9][10][11]
In 1960, Furst and his team at the Stanford Cancer Chemotherapy Laboratory had concluded that though single chemotherapeutic agents worked quite well, some cancer cells could become resistant and allow the cancer to reappear in a stronger, more aggressive form a few months or years after treatment. He implemented the technique of multiple cancer chemotherapy agents used in concert—creating a "cocktail" of specific chemotherapeutic agents to fight cancer and overcome the problem of resistance.[12]
From his work in the 1960s at the Stanford Cancer Chemotherapy Laboratory, he concluded that some metals had powerful toxic properties that could cause cancer and other serious diseases. As a result of his effort, he published several toxicology and cancer publications. Some of the publications included a review that linked trace and toxic metals with cancer (1960),[13] a book on chelation and cancer (1963),[14] a review on metal carcinogenesis (1969),[15] an attempt to understand the mechanism of metal carcinogenesis (1969),[16] and a book (as co-editor) on carcinogenic metals (1987).[17][18]
After decades of working with cancer-causing agents, Furst set out to find a non-animal model for determining the toxic potential of metals and chemical compounds. He developed a protocol to evaluate metal toxicity using the common earthworm.[19][20]
References
edit- ^ a b c Christian, Mildred S. (January 2006). "Obituary: Arthur Furst December 25, 1914–December 1, 2005". International Journal of Toxicology. 25 (1): 83–84. doi:10.1080/10915810600584671. ISSN 1091-5818. S2CID 83683866.
- ^ "Arthur Furst '37, M.S. '40". UCLA Alumni. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ "Dr. Arthur Furst : One Man Can Make a Difference" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-27.
- ^ Stanford University News. Department of Information. Associate Professor Pharmacology & Therapeutics (Medicinal Chemistry). Stanford: Stanford University, Oct. 1953. Print.
- ^ "Stanford Doctor Given Cancer Grant." The Chronicle 6 Mar. 1953. Print.
- ^ Silverman, Milton. "Stanford Scientists Tell of Successes in Cancer Study." The Chronicle 1 Apr. 1954. Print.
- ^ Stanford University News. Department of Information. Stanford Cancer Drug Authority. Stanford: Stanford University, Jun. 1956. Print.
- ^ Stanford University News. Department of Information. Cancer Chemotherapy Laboratory Research Grant. Stanford: Stanford University, Jul. 1957. Print.
- ^ "Chemistry of Chelation in Cancer". Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas Co. 1963. p.139.
- ^ M.J. Seven, ed. (1960). "Chelation and Cancer – A Speculative Review" Metal Binding in Medicine, Phila.: J.B. Lippincott Co. pp.336-344.
- ^ "Chelation and Cancer – A review". American Cancer Society News. April 1958.
- ^ Dehle, Charles. The Concept and Problems of Cancer Chemotherapy. 18 Apr. 1960. TS. Collection of Stanford Medical Archives, Stanford.
- ^ "M.J. Seven, ed. (1960). "Chelation and Cancer – A Speculative Review" Metal Binding in Medicine, Phila.: J.B. Lippincott Co. pp.336-344.
- ^ "Chemistry of Chelation in Cancer". Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas Co. 1963. p.139.
- ^ Haro, R.T. (1969). "A Survey of Metal Carcinogenesis" Progr. Exp. Tumor Res. 12:102-133.
- ^ Haro, R.T. (1969). "Possible Mechanism of Metal Ion Carcinogenesis". Physico-Chemical Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, the Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Bio-chemistry: 310–320.
- ^ Nguyen, Q. (1988). "Acute Toxicity of Cadmium and Zinc in the Earthworm". Biol. Trace Element Res. 18: 81–83. doi:10.1007/BF02917491. PMID 2484571. S2CID 19585513.
- ^ Chien, Y.; Chien, P.K. (1991). "Acute Toxicity of Nickel Compounds to Earthworms". The Toxicologist. 11: 144.
- ^ Li, W.; Chien, P.K. (1994). "Evaluation of Three Antidotes on Arsenic Toxicity in the Common Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)". J. Appl. Toxicol. 14 (3): 181–183. doi:10.1002/jat.2550140306. PMID 7521893. S2CID 26364517.
- ^ Fan, A.M.; Chang, L.W. (1996). Principles and Highlights of Toxicology (Toxicology and Risk Assessment ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. 3–7.