The Satellite and Cable Directive (frequently shortened to SatCab Directive[1]), formally the Council Directive 93/83/EEC of 27 September 1993 on the coordination of certain rules concerning copyright and rights related to copyright applicable to satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission, is a European Union directive that governs the application of copyright and related rights to satellite and cable television in the European Union. It was made under the internal market provisions of the Treaty of Rome.
| European Union directive | |
 | |
| Title | Directive on the coordination of certain rules concerning copyright and rights related to copyright applicable to satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission |
|---|---|
| Made by | Council of the European Union |
| Made under | Arts. 57(2), 66 & 100a |
| Journal reference | L248, 1993-10-06, pp. 15–21 |
| History | |
| Date made | 27 September 1993 |
| Entry into force | 6 October 1993 |
| Implementation date | 1 January 1995 |
| Preparative texts | |
| Commission proposal | C255, 1991-10-01, p. 3 C25, 1993-01-28, p. 43 |
| EESC opinion | C98, 1992-04-21, p. 44 |
| EP opinion | C305, 1992-11-23, p. 129 |
| Reports | |
| Other legislation | |
| Replaces | — |
| Amends | — |
| Amended by | Directive 2019/789 of 17 April 2019 |
| Replaced by | — |
| Current legislation | |
Satellite broadcasting
editAn author has the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the broadcasting of his or her works by satellite (Art. 2). This right may only be subject to a compulsory licensing scheme when the satellite broadcast is simultaneous with a terrestrial broadcast [Art. 3(2)]. Satellite broadcasting is assimilated to terrestrial broadcasting for the purposes of related rights (rights of performers, phonogram producers and broadcasting organisations) (Art. 4): the protection of these rights is governed by Directive 92/100/EEC.[2]
Cable retransmission
editThe main effect of the Directive is to stipulate that cable retransmission must be on the basis of contractual, not statutory, licences with copyright holders, although existing statutory licence schemes were permitted to remain in force until the end of 1997 (Art. 8). These licences may only be granted or refused by collecting societies [Art. 9(1)], which effectively makes such societies compulsory: a collecting society may be deemed to be mandated to manage the cable retransmission rights of a copyright holder in the absence of any expressive agreement [Art. 9(2)]. Broadcasting organisations are free to exercise their own related rights to license or prohibit the cable retransmission of their own broadcasts (Art. 10). The Directive also provides for mediation in disputes between cable operators and collecting societies (Art. 11) and for measures to prevent abuse of monopoly powers (Art. 12).
Implementation
edit
See also
editNotes and references
edit- ^ See eg Hugenholtz 2009, p. 7; Schulte zu Sundern 2019, p. 453
- ^ Council Directive 92/100/EEC of 19 November 1992 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property, OJ no. L346 of 1992-11-27, p. 61.
Literature
edit- Auer, Günter (1997), "Die Umsetzung urheberrechtlicher Richtlinien am Beispiel der Satellitenrichtlinie", in Dittrich, Robert (ed.), Beiträge zum Urheberrecht V, Wien: Manz, pp. 19–40, ISBN 3-214-07718-X
- Castendyk, Oliver; Albrecht, Martin von (1992), "Der Richtlinienvorschlag der EG-Kommission zum Satellitenfernsehen: Eine Stellungnahme aus der Sicht der Praxis", Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Internationaler Teil, 41 (10): 734–739
- Cohen Jehoram, Herman (1994), "The EC Copyright Directives, Economics and Authors' Rights", International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 25 (6): 821–839
- Desurmont, Thierry (1993), "Chronique de la Communauté Européenne", Revue internationale du droit d'auteur (RIDA), 155: 88–161
- Dreier, Thomas (2010), "Satellite and Cable Directive", in Walter, Michel M.; Lewinski, Silke von (eds.), European Copyright Law: A Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 391–498, ISBN 978-0-19-922732-7
- Dreier, Thomas (1996), "The Cable and Satellite Analogy", in Hugenholtz, P. Bernt (ed.), The Future of Copyright in a Digital Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Academy Colloquium (Amsterdam, 6–7 July 1995), Den Haag: Kluwer, pp. 57–65, ISBN 90-411-0267-1
- Dreier, Thomas (1991), "Broadcasting and copyright in the internal market: the new proposal by the EC Commission concerning cable and satellite broadcasts", European Intellectual Property Review (EIPR), 13 (2): 42–46
- Hugenholtz, P. Bernt (2016), "Council Directive 93/83/EC (Satellite and Cable Directive)", in Dreier, Thomas; Hugenholtz, P. Bernt (eds.), Concise European Copyright Law (2nd ed.), Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer, pp. 309–334, ISBN 978-90-411-2879-9
- Hugenholtz, P. Bernt (2016), "Making the Digital Single Market Work for Copyright: Extending the Satellite & Cable Directive to content services on line", in Franzosi, Mario; Pollicino, Oreste; Campus, Gianluca (eds.), The Digital Single Market Copyright: Internet and Copyright Law in the European Perspective: Conference proceedings, Milan, 4–5 November 2015, Ariccia: Aracne, pp. 51–65, ISBN 978-88-548-9441-9
- Hugenholtz, P. Bernt (2009), "SatCab Revisited: The Past, Present and Future of the Satellite and Cable Directive", in European Audiovisual Observatory (ed.), Convergence, Copyrights and Transfrontier Television, Strasbourg, pp. 7–19
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Kern, Philippe (1993), "The EC "common position" on copyright applicable to satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission", European Intellectual Property Review (EIPR), 15 (8): 276–283
- Khan, Bryan (2023), "Copyright in Broadcast Transmissions and the Investment-Protection Rationale", in Bonadio, Enrico; Goold, Patrick (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Investment-Driven Intellectual Property, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 203–226, ISBN 978-1-108-83919-8
- Lund, Astri M. (1997), "Satellittoverføring av fjernsyns- og radioprogram", in Hagstrøm, Viggo; Lødrup, Peter; Aarbakke, Magnus (eds.), Ånd og rett: Festskrift til Birger Stuevold Lassen på 70-årsdagen 19. august 1997, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, pp. 695–714, ISBN 82-00-12697-8
- McKnight, Elizabeth (1995), "Exclusive licensing of television programmes: the Cable and Satellite Directive", Entertainment Law Review, 6 (7): 287–291
- Pichler, Marie-Helen (1994), "EG-Richtlinie über Urheberrecht, Satellitenrundfunk und Kabelweiterverbreitung vom 27. September 1993", Medien und Recht (MR), 12 (2): 54–56
- Rosén, Jan (2021), "The Satellite and Cable Directive", in Stamatoudi, Irini; Torremans, Paul (eds.), EU Copyright Law: A Commentary (2nd ed.), Cheltenham: Elgar, pp. 151–179, ISBN 978-1-78643-779-2
- Schulte zu Sundern, Friederike (2019), "Die Aktualisierung der SatCab-RL und ihre Umsetzung in nationales Recht: Ein erster Überblick", Zeitschrift für Geistiges Eigentum, 11 (4): 452–484, doi:10.1628/zge-2019-0028, S2CID 239369967
- Ullrich, Jan N. (2009), Urheberrecht und Satellitenrundfunk: Kollisionsrecht und materielles Recht, Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8305-1693-4