Dir is a region in northwestern Pakistan in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in the foothills of the Himalayas. Before the independence of Pakistan, Dir was a princely state, and it remained so until 1969 when it was abolished by a presidential declaration,[1] and the Dir District was created the following year. The area covers 5,280 square kilometres. In 1996 Dir district was officially divided into Lower Dir District and Upper Dir District.
Dir
دیر | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 35°10′N 72°00′E / 35.167°N 72.000°E | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Area | |
| • Total | 5,282 km2 (2,039 sq mi) |
| Population (1998) | |
| • Total | 1,373,710 |
| • Density | 260/km2 (670/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Spoken Language(s) | Pashto, Gawri |
| Time zone | PST |
| Largest city or town | Timergara, Wari and Dir |
The district is situated between Chitral and Peshawar. It is bordered by Chitral to the northwest and north, Swat to the east, Malakand to the south, Bajaur to the southwest, and Afghanistan to the west.[2][3]
History
edit
Ancient
There are excavations of numerous burials of tribal population at Timargarha and other places, dating from 18th to 6th century BC.[citation needed] The tribes were followed by the Achaemenians, who were ousted by the invasion of Alexander in 327 BC, though he faced great difficulties in subjugating the local population. After the Greeks, the area witnessed the Gandharan Civilization, which achieved great fame. This period is signified by the presence of the monumental remains of the Buddhist stupas and monasteries, a few of which has already filled the museum at Chakdara.
The Yousafzai Pashtuns, who established themselves here in the 15th century AD, are responsible for the tribal, social, political and economic life of the region. Akhund lIyas Painda Khel of the Malizai tribe (1640) enjoyed popular support among locals and was recognized as a spiritual leader. His descendants built upon this support and ultimately increased their power over the people and laid the foundation of a distinct political state, then called the state of Nawabs and all the judicial commands is with QAZI family of the whole dir.
The British annexed Dir in 1897 and demarcated its boundaries. After independence of Pakistan, it still enjoyed the status of a separate state, but was amalgamated with Pakistan in 1960 as a tribal agency.
After 1947
It was finally merged as a district with the North-West Frontier Province in 1969. In 1996 the decision was made to divide Dir District into two districts, Lower Dir and Upper Dir, with Timargarha and Dir as their respective headquarters, but, due to lack of funds, until 2000 they continued to be administered by a single district commissioner operating out of Timergara.
Dir occupied an important position as a centre of Gandhara Art. Pilgrims and historians have defined Gandhara, (the land of fragrance and beauty), as "the area to the west of Indus and north of Kabul rivers which included the valleys of Peshawar, Swat, Dir and Bajaur, extending westwards to Hadda and Bamiyan in Afghanistan and Taxila Valley in Punjab in the east". The region of Dir is therefore littered with the remains of the Gandharan Civilization and the Dir Museum, Chakdara, offers a fine and unique collection of Gandharan Art.
Demographics
edit
In Dir, 98% of the people are Pashtuns and Pashto is the main language. The majority of the population in this area are Utmankhel, Yousafzai, Swati, Mishwani, Tarran تاراڼ Tajak, Atrafi (اطرافي) Bahadur Shah Khel, Mast Khel, Khilji (Ghilji), Sahibzadgan, shinwari,Miangan (Sadat),Tareen and Roghani. The ruling class historically has been Yousafzai Pashtuns . Kalami and Kohistani dialects are spoken in upper Dir.
Geography
editDir lies on the southeast side of the Hindu Kush and the major river is the Panjkora River which flows southwest through the region. The area covering survey sheets No: 38 M/12, 38 M/15, 38 M/16, 38 N/9 and 38 N/13 at 1:500000 scale. It is bounded by Chitral District on the North, Swat valley on the North-East, Afghanistan on the West, Lower Dir on the south and South-West.
At the time of independence, Dir (princely state) was a state ruled by Nawab Shah Jehan Khan. It was merged with Pakistan in 1969 and later on declared as a district in 1970. In 1996, it was bifurcated into Upper and Lower Dir districts. This district is situated in the northern part of Pakistan. It borders Chitral district and Afghanistan on the north and north west and Swat district to the east, and on the south by Lower Dir District.[4]
Except for Dir and a number of rapidly growing bazaar towns along the main roads, the population is rural, scattered in more than 1200 villages in the deep narrow valleys of the Panjkora and its tributaries.
Of these, notable villages are
Administration
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The district is administratively subdivided into six tehsils which contain a total of 31-3=28 (3 UCs shifted to Lower Dir namely Khall, Akhagram and Toor Mang) Union Councils:[5]
| Name of Tehsil | No. of Unions |
|---|---|
| Barawal | 3 |
| Chapar | 3 |
| Dir | 13 |
| Kalkot | 3 |
| Khal, Upper Dir | 4-3=1 (3 UC shifted to Lower Dir) |
| Wari | 8 |
| Total | 31-3=28(3 UCs, shifted to Lower Dir) |
Upper Dir is represented in the National Assembly[6] and Provincial Assembly by one elected MNA and three elected MPAs respectively who represent the following constituencies:[7]
| Constituency | MPA | Party | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA-33 (Upper Dir)[8] | Tariq Ullah | Jamat -e- Islami | ||||
| PF-91 (Upper Dir-I)[9] | Anayat ullah | Jamat -e- Islami | PF-92 (Upper Dir-II) | Muhammad Ali | Jamat -e- Islami | |
| PF-93 (Upper Dir-III)Cum Lower Dir (3 Union councils in Dir Lower) | vacant | ---- |
Upper Dir
editUpper Dir (Pashto: دیر بالا) is one of the 26[10] districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Upper Dir District is 3,699 square kilometres in area and formed part of the former Malakand Division, lying along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border between Chitral, Bajaur Agency and Lower Dir.
It is connected with the Kohistan District via the Badawi Pass and connected with Chitral District through Lawari Pass and with Afghanistan through Bin Shahi Pass.
The topography of Upper Dir is dominated by high mountains. The most important mountain range is the Hindu Kush.[11] It runs from north east to south west along the northern borders with Chitral District. In winter whole area remains snow-covered. The mountains in the western part of the district are covered with forests, while the eastern mountain range, Dir Kohistan is barren. Panjkora River is the main river of the district, which originates from Dir Kohistan. Upper Dir headquarters is connected to all tehsil headquarters.[4]
Popular tourist-oriented places
editThe following are places within Dir that are visited by tourists:[12]
The place is located at a distance of 16 km from the Asbanr village and can be approached from this village in a four-wheel drive vehicle.
National Assembly
editThis district is represented by one elected MNA (Member of National Assembly) in Pakistan National Assembly. Its constituency is NA-34.[13]
| Member of National Assembly | Party Affiliation | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Shahib Zada Muhammad Yaqub | Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan | 2013 |
| Malak Azmat Khan | Pakistan Peoples Party | 2008 |
| Abdul Ghafoor Ghawas | Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal | 2003 |
| Qazi Hussain Ahmad | Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal | 2002 |
Qazi Hussain Ahmad won the general elections in 2002 but he left the seat as he had also won from his native constituency. Therefore, in January 2003 bye-elections were held.
Provincial Assembly
editThe district is represented by four elected MPAs in the provincial assembly who represent the following constituencies, after shifting of three union council from the Upper Dir to Lower Dir the provincial constituency of upper Dir, PK-93 now consists of UCs Khall, Toor Mang and Akha Gram of Lower Dir :[14]
Lower Dir
edit
Lower Dir (Pashto: لر دیر，Urdu: دیر زیریں) is one of the 26[10] districts in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The district was formed in 1996, when the district of Dir was divided into Upper Dir and Lower Dir. Timergara city is the district headquarters and largest city.[citation needed]
Dir District was officially split into Upper Dir and Lower Dir in 1996. Until 2000 as funds were not available to provide the accommodation needed at Dir town by government departments at a district headquarters, both districts continued to be administered by a single deputy Commissioner stationed at Timergara in Lower Dir.
The district is administratively subdivided into Tehsils which contain a total of 37 Union Councils:.[15]
In Lower Dir there are two tehsils:
| Tehsil | Union councils |
|---|---|
| Timergara | Timargara |
| Odigarm | |
| Danwaha | |
| Rabat | |
| Munaji | |
| Jandool| | |
| Adanzai |
Tourist places
edit
The entire Dir region is abundant with natural scenic beauty, although access can be difficult. Some places developed for easier access include; Laram Top, also known as "Laram Sar" is a scenic hill station in the Lower Dir District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan at a distance of 30 km from Chakdara. It is located at elevation of 8500 ft above the sea level, surrounded by verdant mountains, towering trees and drenched in clouds. The Top receives heavy snow fall during winter season and attract a lot of tourists to its lap for a cool feeling in the sizzling heat of summer.
National Assembly
editThis district was represented by one elected MNA (Member of National Assembly) in Pakistan National Assembly till 2018. Its constituency was NA-34. Now it have two elected members from two constituency NA-6 and NA-7 for National Assembly.[13]
| Member of National Assembly | Party Affiliation | Year |
|---|---|---|
| NA-7
Lower Dir ||Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
2018 | |
| NA-6
Lower Dir ||Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf |
2018 | |
| Shahib Zada Muhammad Yaqub | Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan | 2013 |
| Malak Azmat Khan | Pakistan Peoples Party | 2008 |
| Abdul Ghafoor Ghawas | Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal | 2003 |
| Qazi Hussain Ahmad | Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal | 2002 |
Qazi Hussain Ahmad won the general elections in 2002 but he left the seat as he had also won from his native constituency. Therefore, in January 2003 bye-elections were held.
Provincial Assembly
editThe district is represented by four elected MPAs in the provincial assembly who represent the following constituencies, after shifting of three union council from the Upper Dir to Lower Dir the provincial constituency of upper Dir, PF-93 now consists of UCs Khall, Toor Mang and Akha Gram of Lower Dir :[14]
Notable people
edit- Bakht Baidar, member of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly
- Siraj-ul-Haq, Emir of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan
- Nawabzada Shahabuddin Khan, Khan of Jandool, (1933-1960)[16]
- Naseem Shah, cricketer[17]
- Muhammad Sherin, spiritual guide (pir)
See also
edit
Notes and references
edit- ^ "Upper Dir District: History of Dir". Syed Ziafat Ali. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015.
- ^ Schweitzer, Sylvia; et al. (2008). Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Dir Area Support Project, Completion Evaluation (Report No. 1993-PK) (PDF). Rome, Italy: International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2008.
- ^ "Vulnerable Areas and Threatening Water Channels - North Region". Provincial Disaster Management Authority, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Zila, Tehsil & Town Councils Membership for NWFP - Government of Pakistan Archived 5 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Election Commission :: Untitled Page". Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
- ^ Constituencies and MPAs - Website of the Provincial Assembly of the NWFP Archived 17 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Announced". Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ PF-91 (Upper Dir-I)Result: Announced Archived 15 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Report, Bureau (16 January 2014). "KP govt creates new Kohistan district".
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ "Dir(Upper)". Welcome To Dir State The Land of Peace & Hospitality.
- ^ http://www.pdma.gov.pk/documents/District_Tehsil_and_Union_code_Reference_Map_Upper_Dir.pdf[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Election Commission of Pakistan". Archived from the original on 10 November 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ a b Constituencies and MPAs - Website of the Provincial Assembly of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Archived 28 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Tehsils & Unions in the District of Lower Dir - Government of Pakistan Archived 26 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ http://www.peshawarhighcourt.gov.pk/PHCCMS//judgments/R.F.A.--No.--53-M-of-2016--Govt-of-KPK-Vs--Nawabzada-M.-Shahabuddin.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Arif, Sibte (14 February 2019). "Peace talks to be fruitless sans Afghan govt: Asfandyar". www.thenews.com.pk. No. UAE. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
ANP president attended the gathering of various political leaders of different parties based in Dubai, arranged by the President of Awami National Party (ANP) UAE Abdullah Khan at his residence. The UAE chapter of ANP has arranged a "Bacha Khan" week ...
External links
edit- "Dir Map". Directorate of Information Technology, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Archived from the original on 8 May 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Government website section on Lower Dir
- "Map of Lower Dir District" (PDF). UNICEF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2012.
