Roman Catholic Diocese of Comminges

The former French Catholic diocese of Comminges existed at least from the sixth century, to the French Revolution. The seat of the bishops was at Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, now no more than a village, in the modern department of Haute-Garonne in south-west France. The territory of the old diocese now belongs to the archdiocese of Toulouse. The name of Comminges was incorporated into the titulature of the archbishop of Toulouse on 19 January 1935. He is now the archbishop of Toulouse-Saint Bertrand de Comminges-Rieux.^[1]

History

The earliest Bishop of Comminges known by name is Suavis, who assisted at the Council of Agde in 506, along with thirty-four other bishops.^[2] Sidonius Apollinaris,^[3] however, writes of the death of a bishop of Comminges in 473.^[4]

Among the bishops of Comminges^[5] were:

Bertrand of Comminges (1073–1123), grandson of William III, Count of Toulouse, previously archdeacon of Toulouse, who built the cathedral of Comminges and restored the town
Bertrand de Goth (1295–99), who became pope under the name of Clement V.
Bertrand de Cosnac (1352–72), created cardinal by Pope Gregory XI on 30 May 1371.^[6]
Amelius de Lautrec (1384–90), created cardinal on 12 July 1385 by Pope Clement VII of the Avignon Obedience.^[7]
Pierre de Foix (1422–64), cardinal from 1412–1413 to 1464.
Cardinal Amanieu d'Albret, who was Bishop of Comminges (19 July 1499 – 1514, after 7 November)^[8]
Cardinal Carlo Carafa (6 July 1556 – 4 March 1561), nephew of Pope Paul IV, he was arrested, tried, and executed by strangulation on orders of Pope Pius IV. Carafa was never ordained a priest or consecrated a bishop. He never took possession of his see.
Urbain de Saint-Gelais, who in 1586, without outside assistance and with the help of a cannon which he caused to be brought from Toulouse, captured the town from the Huguenots.

In the church of St. Bertrand of Comminges (The gothic church is of the 14th century), baptism was administered with peculiar ceremonies: the baptismal water was placed in a silver dove with wings displayed (a symbol of the Holy Spirit), and enclosed in a cupola surmounting the font; at the moment of baptizing the dove was lowered over the head of the child by a pulley, and through its open beak the baptismal water was poured (as though grace from heaven).^[9]

Bishops

To 1000

Suavis 506–?
Presidius 533–?
Amelius 549–?
Rufin 584–588
Abraham 788–?
Involatus 879–?
Oriol 980–?
Bertrand Roger 990–?

1000–1300

Peter I. 1003–?
Arnaud I. 1035–?
William I. 1040–1055
Bernhard II. 1056–?
William II. 1068–?
Olger (Ulger) ?–1073?
Saint Bertrand 1073–1126
Roger de Nuro 1126?–1153?
Arnaud Roger 1153–1176
Arsius (Arsenius) 1179–1188
Raymond Arnaud 1188–1205
Sperague (Hisparigus) 1205–1206
Adhémar du Châtel 1207–1209
Garcias de Lorte 1210–1217
Grimoard I. 1217–1240
Arnaud III. Roger 1241–1260
Guillaume III. d'Audiran 1260–1263
Bertrand de Miramont 1263–1286
Bertrand de Got^[10] 1295–1299
Boso de Salignac 1299–1315^[11]

1300–1500

Bernardus, O.P. (1316-1317)
Pierre Vital de Millario 1317–1318
Scot de Linières 1318–1325
Guillaume de Cun 1325–1336
Hugues de Castillon^[12] 1336–1351
Bertrand de Cosnac 1352–1371^[13] (Cardinal from 1371)
Guillaume d'Espagne 6 June 1371 – 1382
Amelius (Amelie) II. de Lautrec 1384–1390 (Cardinal from 1385)
Menaud de Barbazan 1390–1421
Pierre de Foix 7 August 1422 – 1451^[14] (Cardinal from 1412 or 1413)^[15]
Arnaud-Raymond V. d'Espagne 1451–146?^[16]
Jean de Foix 9 May 1466 – 1499^[17]

From 1500

Amanieu d'Albret (19 July 1499 – 1514, after 7 November) (He never had possession).
- Gaillard de l'Hospital^[18] 1502–1514 (contested election; Gaillard never received papal approval; he died in 1514)
Louis Dourelle (Dourville) 8 January 1515 – 1523
Jean de Mauléon 71 June 1523 – 1551
Jean Bertrand^[19] 1551–1555
Carlo Carafa, Administrator^[20] 1556–1561 (Cardinal, nephew of Pope Paul IV) (executed 6 March 1561)
Pierre d'Albert^[21] 1561–1565
Charles III de Bourbon 1569–1570 ^[22]
Urbain de Saint-Gelais^[23] 1570–1613
Gilles de Souvré 1614–1623
Barthélemy de Donnadieu de Griet 1625–1637
Hugues II. de Labatut^[24] 1638–1644
Gilbert de Choiseul Duplessis Praslin^[25] 1644–1671
Louis de Rechiègne Voisin de Guron^[26] 1671–1693
Louis-François de Brezay de Denon-Ville 1693–1710
Olivier-Gabriel de Lubières du Bouchet^[27] 1710–1740
Antoine de Lastic^[28] 1740–1763
Charles-Antoine-Gabriel d'Osmond de Médavy^[29] 1763–1785
Antoine Eustache d'Osmond 1785–1801 (resigned)^[30]

References

^ David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy: Archdiocese of Toulouse (-Saint Bertrand de Comminges-Rieux), retrieved: 2016-08-04.^{[self-published source]}
^ J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio Tomus octavus (8) (Florence 1762), p. 337.
^ Epistles, Book VII, letter 6, § 7, to Bishop Basilius (ca. 472/473): propter quod discite cito catholici status valetudinem occultam, ut apertam festinetis adhibere medicinam. Burdigala, Petrogorii, Ruteni, Lemovices, Gabalitani, Helusani, Vasates, Convenae, Auscenses multosque iam maior numerus civitatum summis sacerdotibus ipsorum morte truncatus nec ullis deinceps episcopis in defunctorum officia suffectis...
^ Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters. Tr. O.M. Dalton (1915) vol. 2. pp. 95-137; Book VII.
^ Saint Africus (c. 540), who died in the Rouergue, is wrongly included among the bishops of Comminges.
^ Eubel, I, p. 21. Bertrand de Cosnac died on 17 June 1374.
^ Eubel, I, p. 28. Amelius died in Avignon on 7 June 1390
^ D'Albret was appointed by Pope Alexander VI, but the Cathedral Chapter elected Gaillard de Hospitali, a canon of the Cathedral. Litigation ensued, but when Gaillard died, Pope Leo X adjudged the bishopric to Cardinal d'Albret in 1514. Eubel, III, p. 6 and p. 177, with n. 3. Amanieu d'Albret was created a cardinal on 28 September 1500, and died in Rome on 20 December 1520.
^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Toulouse Agos, Vie et miracles de Saint Bertrand, pp. 206-207.
^ J. Lestrade (1906). "Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: I. Bertrand de Got". Revue de Comminges. 21: 97–110, 145–158. He was given the bishopric of Comminges by Boniface VIII, and was approved as Archbishop of Bordeaux on 23 December 1299: Eubel, I, p. 150.
^ Eubel, I, p. 207, 150. He was approved by Boniface VIII on 22 December 1299
^ J. Lestrade (1907). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: II. Hugues de Castillon (1335-1352)". Revue de Comminges. 22: 36–43.
^ Eubel, I, p. 207.
^ Eubel, I, p. 207; II, p. 135.
^ Pierre de Foix was created cardinal by Pope John XXIII. He died on 13 December 1464. Eubel, II, p. 4.
^ Eubel, II, p. 135.
^ Eubel, II, p. 135. Cf. J. Lestrade (1907). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: III. Jean-Baptiste de Foix (1466-1501)". Revue de Comminges. 22: 76–95.
^ J. Lestrade (1907). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: IV. Gaillard de l'Hôpital (1501-1514)". Revue de Comminges. 22: 128–144.
^ J. Lestrade (1908). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: VI. Jean Bertrandi (1555-1556)". Revue de Comminges. 23: 150–155.
^ Carlo Carafa was nominated by King Henri II when he was Papal Legate in France in 1556. He was not ordained a deacon until 15 April 1557, and was never ordained priest or consecrated bishop: Salvador Miranda, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Carafa, Carlo, retrieved: 2016-08-01. J. Lestrade (1908). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: VII. Charles Caraffa (1556-1561)". Revue de Comminges. 23: 161–163.
^ J. Lestrade (1908). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: VIII. Pierre d'Albret (1561-1568)". Revue de Comminges. 23: 163–168.
^ J. Lestrade (1908). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: IX. Urbain de Saint-Gelais (1570-1613)". Revue de Comminges. 23: 254–266.
^ J. Lestrade (1908). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: IX. Urbain de Saint-Gelais (1570-1613)". Revue de Comminges. 23: 254–266.
^ J. Lestrade (1909). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: XIII. Hugues de Labatut (1640-1644)". Revue de Comminges. 24 (4): 232–240., including his Last Will and Testament, and codicil.
^ C. Espénan (1904). "Gilbert de Choiseul, évêque de Comminges, puis de Tournai (1613-1689)". Revue de Comminges. 19: 123–138.
^ Armand Jean (1891). Les évêques et les archevêques de France depuis 1682 jusqu'à 1801 (in French). A. Picard. p. 80.
^ David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy: Bishop Olivier-Gabriel de Lubières (Nubières) du Bouchet, retrieved: 2016-08-04.^{[self-published source]}
^ J. Lestrade (1911). ""Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: XVIII. Antoine de Lastic (1740-1764)". Revue de Comminges. 26: 199–210, 241–247.
^ Jean, p. 81.
^ Bishop d'Osmond resigned in accordance with the request of Pope Pius VII, who had concluded a Concordat with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, which liquidated the Constitutional church. Osmond was then appointed Bishop of Nancy. Ritzler, VI, p. 181, note 4. Jean, pp. 81-82. J. Lestrade, "Un curieux groupe d' évêques Commingeois: XX. Antoine Eustache d'Osmond (1754-1823)," Revue de Comminges (Pyrénées Centrales) (in French). Vol. 27. Saint Gaudens: Société des études du Comminges. 1912. pp. 1–16.

Bibliography

Gams, Pius Bonifatius (1873). Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo. Ratisbon: Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz. (Use with caution; obsolete)
Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1913). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. (in Latin)
Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1914). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 2 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
Eubel, Conradus, ed. (1923). Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 3 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana.
Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1952). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi V (1667-1730). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.
Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958). Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi VI (1730-1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. Retrieved 2016-07-06.

Studies

Agos, Louis de Fiancette d' (1854). Vie et miracles de Saint Bertrand. Avec une notice historique sur la Ville et les Evêques de Comminges: La Légende des Saints du pays et la description de l'Eglise Cathédrale (in French). Saint Gaudens: Imprimerie et librairie d'Abadie. [hagiography]
Agos, Louis de Fiancette d' (1876). Notre-Dame de Comminges: monographie de l'ancienne cathédrale de Saint-Bertrand (in French). Saint-Gaudens: Abadie. [author of the "Litany of Saint-Bertrand", and other devotional texts]
Marrast, Armand; Sacaze, Julien (1889). Histoire du Comminges de Saint Bertrand et Saint Gaudens (in French). Saint-Gaudens: L. Sabatier.
Morel, J. P. M. (1852). Essais historique & pittoresque sur Saint-Bertrand de Comminges (in French). Toulouse: É. Privat.
Lespinasse, Adeline et Pierre (1914). "Les eglises romanes et gothiques du Comminges". Revue de Comminges. 29: 9–35.