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Dhaka Medical College and Hospital

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Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) is a public medical college and hospital located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is the largest and most reputed medical college and hospital of the country. The hospital ranks among top 20 worldwide, based on size and number of patients. Established on 10 July 1946, the college houses a medical school as well as a tertiary care hospital on its campus.[5]

Dhaka Medical College
ঢাকা মেডিকেল কলেজ
Emblem of Dhaka Medical College
Other name
DMCH
TypePublic Medical College & Hospital
Established1946; 78 years ago (1946)
Academic affiliation
University of Dhaka[1]
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University[2]
PrincipalMd. Kamrul Alam[3]
Director of HospitalBrig. Gen. Md. Asaduzzaman [4]
Address
Secretariat Road
,
Shahbagh, Dhaka
,
Bangladesh

23°43′33″N 90°23′50″E / 23.7257°N 90.3971°E / 23.7257; 90.3971
CampusUrban, 85 acres (34 ha)
LanguageEnglish
Website
Hospital Building

History

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Dhaka Medical College and Hospital in 1940s

Site during pre-college years

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The college's original building was built prior to the Partition of Bengal of 1905. In 1904, the building was being used as the secretariat (headquarters) of the newly formed provinces of East Bengal and Assam.

In 1921, it was turned over to the University of Dhaka, which was founded that year. Part of the building was used as the university's medical center, another as the students' dormitory, and the rest as the office of the administrative wing of the Arts faculty.[6]

In 1939, the Dhaka University council requested the British Government to establish a separate medical college in Dhaka. The proposal was postponed because of the onset of the Second World War.[6]

During World War II, the medical center building became an American armed forces hospital. The Americans vacated the building at the end of the war.[6][7]

Establishment of the college

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In 1946 due to the partition of India, all the advanced students (From K-4 to K-1) as well as many lecturers and professors were transferred from Calcutta Medical College to start academic studies and maintain hospital facilities in the newly established Dhaka Medical College. Academic classes started on 10 July, which is celebrated as DMC Day.[8][9]

Major William John Virgin, the head of the committee formed to establish the Dhaka Medical College, was the first principal. In the beginning there were only four departments – medicine, surgery, gynecology and otolaryngology (ENT).

Since, the college did not initially have anatomy or physiology departments, the students at first attended those classes at Mitford Medical School (now the Sir Salimullah Medical College), also in Dhaka; but after a month, Professor of Anatomy Pashupati Basu and Professor of Physiology Hiralal Saha joined the staff and their specialties were taught in ward no. 22 of the hospital.[9]

Expansion

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After the construction of new academic buildings in 1955, a lecture hall and a dissection gallery were built in the college. The college and hospital premises were expanded with temporary sheds, some of which were built for outdoor services of the hospital and some for student housing. New buildings for housing, college, and hospital were constructed in phases: a dormitory for girls in 1952, a dormitory for male students in 1954–55, a new complex of academic buildings in 1955, and a dormitory for internee doctors in 1974–75.[10] The new academic and hospital building, Dhaka Medical College Hospital-2, was inaugurated by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 3 October 2013.[11] The country's first ever autologous bone marrow transplant took place in its bone marrow transplant unit.[12][13]

Origin of 'K'

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Every student batch, or class, of Dhaka Medical College is tagged with the prefix K along with a number. The first year, the beginning batch of the college, was named K-1, likewise second year as K-2, third year as K-3, fourth year as K-4, and fifth year K-5. In 2021, DMC hosted its 78th batch, hence branded as K-78. Many theories exist about the origin of the letter K, the most popular being that K stands for Kolkata,[citation needed] as many students of DMC's earlier batches migrated from Calcutta Medical College.[14] However, Kolkata was officially known as Calcutta until 2001[15][16][17] the city was widely pronounced as Kolkata/Kolikata in Bengali. Though the first ten medical schools did not follow this tradition, yet another theory proposes that, as the institute was the 11th medical school in Indian subcontinent, K, the 11th letter of English alphabet, is used to represent that.[9]

Undergraduate course

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A countrywide combined medical admission test for MBBS course is held every year under the supervision of DGHS. 139,217 eligible students sat for the entrance exams in 2023.[18] Students after passing Higher Secondary School Certificate or equivalent examinations with the required grades can apply for the admission test. In 2023, a total of 230 seats, 226 general seats and 4 seats for the freedom fighter quota, were allocated for the MBBS course in Dhaka Medical College.[19][20]

The qualified candidates, according to their preferences, get the opportunity to study at Dhaka Medical College. Foreign candidates from both SAARC and non-SAARC countries are selected by DGHS and MOHFW as per required qualifications.[21]

The college runs 5-year MBBS course according to the curriculum developed by BMDC. A student studies Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, Community Medicine, Medicine & allied subjects, Surgery & allied subjects and Gynecology & Obstetrics during the course period.

The course is divided into 4 phases. Four professional examinations, one at the end of each phase, are held under University of Dhaka. After passing the fourth or final professional examination, a student is awarded with MBBS degree. Course curriculum follows percentage system grading. Pass mark for the college's internal as well as professional examinations is 60 percent. Students shall have to pass written (MCQ + SAQ + formative), oral, practical and clinical examinations separately.[22]

Postgraduate courses

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College offers MD, MS, Diploma, MPhil in 50 different subjects in affiliation[1][2] with University of Dhaka and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.[23]

College also runs three fellowship courses of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons in different disciplines.[23]

Principals

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List of the Principals of DMCH
Name Duration in office Ref.
From To
Major William John Virgin 1 July 1946 14 August 1947 [24]
Lt. Col. Edward George Montgomery 15 August 1947 19 April 1948 [25]
T. Ahmed 19 April 1948 12.31.1952
Colonel M. K. Afridi 12.31.1952 20 March 1953 [14]
Nawab Ali 21 March 1953 10 April 1954
A. K. M. Abdul Wahed 11 April 1954 20 January 1955
Nawab Ali 21 January 1955 1 February 1957
Md. Refat Ullah 1 February 1957 1 September 1958
Habib Uddin Ahmed 2 September 1958 4 June 1959
Lt. Col. M. M. Haque 4 June 1959 11 September 1963
A. K. S. Ahmed 11 September 1963 28 December 1963
G. Kibria 28 December 1963 8 February 1964
Lt. Col. Borhanuddin 9 February 1964 27 January 1969
K. A. Khaleque 27 January 1969 30 December 1970
Saifullah 1 January 1971 20 May 1971
M. R. Chowdhury 25 May 1971 2 July 1974
M. A. Jalil 3 July 1974 6 May 1976
M. A. Kashem 7 May 1976 1 October 1978
Md. Shahidullah 2 October 1978 25 November 1980
Mazharul Imam 25 November 1980 1 October 1981
M. A. Mazed 1 October 1981 2 July 1982
M. I. Chowdhury 2 July 1982 31 January 1985
Mirza Mazharul Islam 31 January 1985 13 December 1986
Waliullah 13 December 1986 30 January 1990
M. Kabiruddin Ahmed 31 January 1990 30 March 1991
Zwahurul Moula Chaudhury 30 March 1991 14 January 1995
Md. Shofiullah 14 January 1995 22 January 1995
M. A. Hadi 22 January 1995 18 July 1996
A. B. M. Ahsan Ullah 18 July 1996 19 September 1999
A. K. Md. Shahidul Islam 19 September 1999 29 August 2001
Md. Abdul Kadir Khan 29 August 2001 15 November 2001
Tofayel Ahmed 15 November 2001 7 August 2003
Md. Fazlul Haque 7 August 2003 29 September 2003
Hosne Ara Tahmin (Charu) 29 September 2003 26 June 2006
Syed Mahbubul Alam 26 June 2006 1 March 2007
M. Abul Faiz 1 March 2007 7 January 2008
Quazi Deen Mohammad 17 January 2008 9 January 2014
Md. Ismail Khan 9 January 2014 13 May 2017
Md. Shafiqul Alam Chowdhury (Acting) 13 May 2017 13 June 2017
Khan Abul Kalam Azad 13 June 2017 31 December 2020 [26]
Md. Titu Miah 1 January 2021 4 January 2023 [27]
Md. Shafiqul Alam Chowdhury 5 January 2023 August 2024 [28]
Md. Kamrul Alam Present [3]

Hospital wing

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Dhaka Medical College Hospital Main Entrance

Facilities and services

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Dhaka Medical College has a 2600-bed[29] teaching hospital as Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) within the same compound, with 92 wards. It is a tertiary referral hospital. It has a 300-bed facility dedicated for burn & plastic surgery. It was the largest burn unit of the country until Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery was set.

With over 500 admissions per day, 1300 emergency visits per day and 5000 patients at OPD per dayat the hospital, it has an occupancy rate of 133%. It also includes about 50 Operation Theatres that perform about 50,000 major operations and about 35,000 minor operations per year.

In 2015, Hospital's Out-Patient Department provided services to 799,896 patients.[29] More 346,580 patients attended at the emergency and 149,122 patients got admitted in different facilities of the hospital in 2015.[29] The surgical staffs performed 58,355 surgeries in 2015.[29] Expansion plan to turn the hospital into a 5000-bed facility has been contemplated.[30]

 
Emblem used by Dhaka Medical College Hospital

Country's first bone marrow transplant center was set in this hospital in October 2013 in collaboration with Massachusetts General Hospital.[31][32][33] This unit conducted first ever successful autologous bone marrow transplant in the country in March 2014.[34][35][36][37][38] The unit also introduced allogeneic bone marrow transplant on 3 July 2019, the first in the country.[39]

Clinical teaching

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It is one of the major teaching hospitals in the country.[citation needed] Bedside teaching and clinical examinations of the undergraduate as well as postgraduate students take place at the hospital wing.[citation needed]

Dhaka Medical College Hospital is a recognized clinical examination centre for fellowship examination of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons.[citation needed]

Hospital administration

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Director of the hospital is the administrative chief of the hospital service. Deputy director, assistant directors and other officials give him assistance in this regard. Faculties from different departments of the college act as clinical and administrative superiors of the respective department. They actively supervise the clinical services as well as clinical training of the trainee doctors.[citation needed]

Student life

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Students' accommodation

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Entrance of Shaheed Dr. Fazle Rabbee Hall at Bakshibazar, Lalbagh, Dhaka

In the past, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, the then vice chancellor of University of Dhaka, arranged accommodation for the medical college students. Muslim students were accommodated in Salimullah Muslim Hall, Hindus were accommodated in the then Dhaka Hall (now Dr. Muhammad Shahidullah Hall). Baptist mission hostel at Sadarghat accommodated the Christian students. Nursing Hostel was allocated for the female students. Later, 20 medical barracks were built and students were accommodated there. As of 2019, there are four hostels for accommodation of the students as well as interns.[citation needed]

Dr. Fazle Rabbee Hall and Dr. Milon Intern Doctors' hostel (for male) share the same compound at Bakshibazar, Lalbagh, Dhaka. Dr. Alim Chowdhury hall and Dr. Milon Intern doctors' hostel (for female) share the same compound inside the territory of the college.[citation needed]

Sports facility

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DMC has a sports ground inside Fazle Rabbee Hall. It is used for football, cricket, and other athletics. Fazle Rabbee Hall also houses a basketball ground and a tennis ground. Besides, college building and hostels have students' common rooms with indoor game facility[citation needed]

Cultural activities

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College has an auditorium with 1200 sitting capacity.[citation needed] DMC day is celebrated each year on 10 July, the foundation day of the college.[8]

Role in national politics

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Bengali Language Movement (1948-1952)

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The college dormitories that were known as barracks were at the heart of the Bengali Language Movement from 1948 to 1952. The barracks were formerly situated at the current location of the Shaheed Minar.[citation needed]

There were about 20 tin shed barracks where the medical students resided. Because they were close to the Parliament of East Pakistan (presently Jagannath Hall of Dhaka University), the medical dormitories were chosen as the center of the student movement.[citation needed]

In the early hours of 21 February 1952, all the students of Dhaka Medical College gathered in front of the medical college dormitories. In the afternoon the group headed for the parliament which was in session. No procession was allowed due to the imposition of Section 144 (a section of the penal code that prohibited unlawful assembly). The students decided to defy Section 144 at 4:00 PM at the historic Aam-tola (which was situated beside the present day Emergency gate).[citation needed]

The police fired at the procession, resulting in the deaths of Salam, Barkat, Rafique, Jabbar and Shafiur.[40][41] After sunset on 21 February, at the site of the deaths, the students of Dhaka Medical College decided to build a monument. Badrul Alam and Sayed Haider the then students of Dhaka Medical College planned and designed the structure. They worked continuously on 22 and 23 February and finished the construction, using bricks, gravel and cement reserved for the hospital. A paper with Shaheed Smritistambha( Monument in memory of the martyrs) written on it was attached on the monument. It was inaugurated by the father of Shofiur Rahman, a martyr of language movement. However, the monument was demolished by government forces on 26 February 1952.[42][43]

Liberation War (1971)

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Many staff and students took part in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, as fighters or in treating the injured.[9] DMC's doctors, teachers and students laid their lives in the war. Many eminent physicians and academics were abducted from home and killed during the war.[citation needed]

Notable people

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Alumni

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Office of the Inspector of Colleges. List of Constituent College.pdf
  2. ^ a b "Affiliated Institutes - BSMMU-Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University". bsmmu.edu.bd. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  3. ^ a b "ঢাকাসহ ৫ মেডিকেল কলেজে নতুন অধ্যক্ষ". Prothom Alo. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  4. ^ "DMCH director changed". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  5. ^ "History of Dhaka Medical College". Dhaka Medical College. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
  6. ^ a b c পুরোনো সচিবালয়ই ঢাকা মেডিকেল কলেজ. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  7. ^ Islam, SM Monowarul (2012). "Dhaka Medical College and Hospital". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  8. ^ a b "DMC foundation day celebration on 10 July". The Daily Star. 7 July 2008. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Monilal Aich Litu; Abdul Hanif Tablu (19 July 2009). "Sixty Three Years of Dhaka Medical College". Star Campus. The Daily Star.
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  63. ^ Ahmed, Hana Shams (23 June 2006). "A Life-saving Innovator". Star Weekend Magazine. The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
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