1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries

1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries
3,014 delegates to the Democratic National Convention; 1,508 (majority) votes needed to win
	McGovern Humphrey Wallace Muskie; Jackson Mills Chisholm Uncommitted
Previous Democratic nominee; Hubert Humphrey;	Democratic nominee ; George McGovern;

From January 24 to June 20, 1972, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1972 United States presidential election. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections, caucuses, and state party conventions, culminating in the 1972 Democratic National Convention held from July 10 to July 13, 1972, in Miami, Florida.

Background

1968 election

The 1968 election was one of the most eventful and influential in the history of the Democratic Party. The primaries were contested by President Lyndon B. Johnson, Senator Eugene McCarthy, and Senator Robert F. Kennedy. In a shock, McCarthy forced the incumbent president out of the race early by his strong showing in the New Hampshire primary. Kennedy joined the race soon thereafter, and the two ran on their opposition to Johnson's handling of the Vietnam War. They traded primary victories until Kennedy was assassinated in June.

Although Kennedy and McCarthy contested the popular elections, most of the delegates in 1968 were not popularly elected. Thus, with Kennedy dead and McCarthy lacking support from the party establishment, Johnson's vice president Hubert H. Humphrey was easily nominated on the first ballot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. Humphrey's nomination, the continuing Vietnam War, and the generally closed nature of the nomination process drew massive protests to Chicago; the convention was generally seen as a major embarrassment for the Party, and Humphrey went on to lose the election by a lot to Richard Nixon.

McGovern-Fraser Commission

In response to the 1968 debacle, party leadership established a twenty-eight member committee selected by Senator Fred R. Harris to reform the presidential nomination process for 1972. The committee was led by Senator George McGovern and Representative Donald M. Fraser. After less than nine months, the committee delivered its guidelines.

The committee focused on two main principles: uniformity and equity. Guidelines required states adopt uniform, explicit delegate selection rules and weight the delegate allocation in favor of politically marginalized groups (women, blacks and those under the age of 30), including the use of quotas.

In general, the state parties complied with the McGovern-Fraser guidelines by adopting the use of primary elections, rather than delegate selection caucuses or conventions. Thus, the 1972 Democratic nomination is typically considered the first modern presidential primary campaign.^{[citation needed]}^{[according to whom?]} Harris and McGovern, having played a direct role in the reforms and having a detailed knowledge of their impact, were seen to gain an advantage as potential candidates for the nomination.

Nixon administration and 1970 midterm elections

As 1972 approached, President Richard Nixon faced uncertain re-election prospects. Nixon had been elected on a platform to end American involvement in Vietnam, but his strategy of gradual "Vietnamization" had proceeded more slowly than planned. The Paris Peace Talks had bogged down, dimming hopes for a negotiated settlement to the war. In fact, Nixon had widened the conflict by invading Cambodia in 1970, a move that ignited criticism in the press and Congress and widespread disorder on college campuses, including the Kent State shootings in May 1970.

On the domestic front, a sharp recession had shaken investor confidence, and Nixon's plan to control inflation with wage and price controls had failed to meet its objective. The administration's attempt to steer a middle course on desegregation busing and affirmative action had displeased liberals and conservatives alike.

In the 1970 midterm elections, Democrats gained a dozen seats in the House, although their Senate majority was reduced by three seats. Their main success was not in Congress, however, but the states. Eleven different Democratic governors were elected to seats held by Republicans and not a single incumbent Democrat lost re-election.

Pre-primary maneuvering

Given Nixon's apparent weakness and the novel use of the primary system, a large field of credible Democratic challengers emerged. 14 Democrats sought their party's nomination^[a] the largest field of candidates until it was surpassed by 16 candidates in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries^[1] and then 29 candidates in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.^[2]

Early speculation surrounded Senator Ted Kennedy, the brother of the late Senator Robert F. Kennedy who had contested the 1968 nomination. He ruled himself out early in 1971, but nevertheless continued to lead in opinion polling. In the event of a brokered convention, some believed Kennedy could emerge as the consensus nominee. Kennedy supporters took key positions on a number of presidential campaigns, strengthening his odds of gaining the candidates' support in the event they could not secure the required delegates.^[3]

With Kennedy out, the establishment favorite for the Democratic nomination was Edmund Muskie,^[4] a moderate Senator who had acquitted himself well as Humphrey's running mate in 1968. In August 1971 polling amid a growing economic crisis, Muskie led Nixon.^[4]

U.S. Representative Shirley Chisholm from Queens, New York, announced her candidacy in January 1972,^[5] making her the first black candidate to contest a major party's nomination for president.^[5]^[b] Chisholm was also the first woman to run for the Democratic presidential nomination; she was later joined by Patsy Mink of Hawaii.^[c]

Candidates

The following politicians stood as candidates for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination:

Nominee

Candidate			Most recent office	Home state	Campaign Withdrawal date	Popular vote	Contests won	Running mate	Ref.
George McGovern			U.S. Senator from South Dakota (1963–1981)	South Dakota	(Campaign) Secured nomination: July 13, 1972	4,053,451 (25.3%)	14	Sargent Shriver (replacing Thomas Eagleton)	^[6]^[7]^[8]

Other major candidates

These candidates participated in multiple state primaries or were included in multiple major national polls.

Candidate	Most recent office	Home state	Campaign Withdrawal date	Ref.
Hubert Humphrey	U.S. Senator from Minnesota (1949–1964; 1971–1978) Vice President of the United States (1965–1969)	Minnesota	(Campaign) Declared: January 10, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[9]
George Wallace	Governor of Alabama (1963–1967; 1971–1979; 1983–1987)	Alabama	(Campaign) Declared: January 13, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[10]
Edmund Muskie	U.S. Senator from Maine (1959–1980)	Maine	(Campaign) Declared: January 4, 1972 Suspended campaign: April 27, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[11]^[12]
Scoop Jackson	U.S. Senator from Washington (1953–1983)	Washington	(Campaign) Declared: November 19, 1971 Suspended campaign: May 2, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[13]^[14]
Wilbur Mills	U.S. Representative from Arkansas (1939–1977)	Arkansas	(Campaign) Declared: February 11, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[15]
Shirley Chisholm	U.S. Representative from New York (1969–1983)	New York	(Campaign) Declared: January 25, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[16]
Terry Sanford	Governor of North Carolina (1961–1965)	North Carolina	(Campaign) Declared: March 8, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[17]
John Lindsay	Mayor of New York City (1966–1973)	New York	(Campaign) Declared: December 28, 1971 Withdrew: April 4, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[18]^[19]
Eugene McCarthy	U.S. Senator from Minnesota (1959–1971)	Minnesota	(Campaign) Declared: December 17, 1971	^[6]^[7]^[20]
Sam Yorty	Mayor of Los Angeles (1961–1973)	California	(Campaign) Declared: November 16, 1971 Withdrew: June 5, 1972 (endorsed Humphrey)	^[6]^[7]^[21]^[22]
Vance Hartke	U.S. Senator from Indiana (1964–1973)	Indiana	(Campaign) Declared: January 3, 1972 Withdrew: March 26, 1972 (endorsed Humphrey)	^[6]^[7]^[23]
Patsy Mink	U.S. Representative from Hawaii (1965–1977)	Hawaii	(Campaign) Declared: October 19, 1971 Withdrew: May 24, 1972	^[6]^[7]^[24]^[25]
Fred Harris	U.S. Senator from Oklahoma (1964–1973)	Oklahoma	(Campaign) Declared: September 24, 1971 Withdrew: November 10, 1971 (endorsed McGovern on April 27)	^[6]^[7]^[26]^[27]^[28]

Declined

Birch Bayh, U.S. Senator from Indiana (declined October 12, 1971)^[29]
Harold Hughes, U.S. Senator from Iowa (declined July 15, 1971)^[30]
William Proxmire, U.S. Senator from Wisconsin (declined November 6, 1971; endorsed McGovern on March 31)^[31]^[32]

Favorite sons

Walter Fauntroy, Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from the District of Columbia^[33]
Wayne Hays, U.S. Representative from Ohio^[34]
Carl Stokes, Mayor of Cleveland^[34]

Polling

National polling

Poll source	Publication	Birch Bayh	Shirley Chisholm	J. William Fulbright	Fred Harris	Harold Hughes	Hubert Humphrey	John Lindsay	Scoop Jackson	Ted Kennedy	Mike Mansfield	Eugene McCarthy	George McGovern	Wilbur Mills	Edmund Muskie	William Proxmire	George Wallace	Sam Yorty
Gallup	Jan. 1969	—	—	—	—	—	21%	—	—	45%	—	15%	3%	—	17%	—	—	—
Gallup	Oct. 1969	—	—	—	—	—	29%	—	—	27%	—	10%	5%	—	24%	—	—	—
Gallup	May. 1970	—	—	—	1%	1%	16%	10%	—	17%	—	9%	3%	—	23%	—	—	—
Gallup	Nov. 1970	—	—	—	—	—	16%	4%	—	31%	1%	6%	2%	—	33%	2%	—	—
Gallup	Feb. 1971	—	—	—	—	—	21%	5%	—	25%	—	4%	5%	—	26%	—	—	—
Gallup	Apr. 1971	1%	—	1%	—	1%	18%	4%	2%	29%	2%	3%	5%	1%	21%	2%	—	—
Gallup	Apr. 1971	1%	—	1%	—	1%	18%	4%	2%	29%	2%	3%	5%	1%	21%	2%	—	—
Gallup	Jul. 1971	2%	—	1%	—	1%	18%	3%	2%	22%	1%	6%	5%	1%	22%	1%	—	—
Gallup	Aug. 1971	—	—	—	—	—	13%	6%	—	26%	—	4%	6%	—	22%	—	—	—
Harris^[35]	Sep. 1971	—	—	—	1%	—	16%	7%	2%	26%	—	5%	4%	2%	19%	1%	—	—
Harris^[35]	Sep. 1971	—	—	—	1%	—	27%	11%	2%	—	—	7%	5%	2%	27%	2%	—	—
Gallup	Nov. 1971	—	—	—	—	—	19%	4%	6%	29%	—	5%	6%	—	24%	—	—	—
Harris^[36]	Nov. 1971	—	—	—	—	—	15%	9%	2%	25%	—	3%	5%	1%	22%	1%	—	1%
Harris^[36]	Nov. 1971	—	—	—	—	—	25%	12%	2%	—	—	4%	6%	2%	27%	2%	—	1%
Gallup	Dec. 1971	—	—	—	—	—	19%	4%	4%	32%	—	4%	5%	—	25%	—	—	1%
Gallup	Dec. 1971	—	—	—	—	—	34%	8%	5%	—	—	5%	8%	—	31%	—	—	1%
Gallup	Jan. 1972	—	2%	—	—	—	17%	5%	2%	27%	—	5%	3%	—	32%	—	—	2%
Gallup	Jan. 1972	—	2%	—	—	—	29%	7%	3%	—	—	8%	3%	—	39%	—	—	2%
Harris^[37]	Jan. 1972	—	3%	—	—	—	23%	7%	5%	—	—	6%	5%	—	30%	—	—	1%
Gallup	Feb. 1972	—	2%	—	—	—	23%	2%	3%	24%	—	3%	5%	—	29%	—	—	1%
Gallup	Feb. 1972	—	3%	—	—	—	32%	5%	4%	—	—	4%	6%	—	35%	—	—	1%
Harris^[38]	Feb. 1972	—	5%	—	—	—	18%	6%	4%	15%	—	5%	5%	—	22%	—	11%	1%
Harris^[38]	Feb. 1972	—	6%	—	—	—	21%	7%	3%	—	—	5%	8%	—	28%	—	12%	1%
Gallup	Mar. 1972	—	2%	—	—	—	31%	7%	3%	—	—	5%	6%	2%	23%	—	15%	*
Gallup	Mar. 1972	—	3%	—	—	—	35%	8%	5%	—	—	6%	7%	2%	28%	—	—	1%
Gallup	Mar. 1972	—	4%	—	—	—	31%	5%	5%	—	—	4%	5%	1%	22%	—	17%	*
Gallup	Apr. 1972	—	5%	—	—	—	30%	—	4%	—	—	3%	17%	1%	17%	—	19%	1%
Gallup	May 1972	—	3%	—	—	—	35%	—	3%	—	—	3%	20%	2%	11%	—	18%	—
Gallup	May 1972	—	—	—	—	—	26%	—	—	—	—	—	25%	—	—	—	26%	—
Gallup	Jun. 1972	—	3%	—	—	—	27%	—	3%	—	—	2%	30%	1%	6%	—	25%	—

Primary campaign

Hubert Humphrey made another run at the nomination, in an era when previous nominees were considered legitimate contenders even after losing a general election (Adlai Stevenson had been successful at being re-nominated by Democrats in 1956, and Nixon by the GOP in 1968). He fell just short in delegates, despite winning the popular vote in the 24 states and the District of Columbia which held preference primary and caucus elections open to the rank and file Democratic voter. His bid to contest the results of the California winner-take-all primary failed. Humphrey, like Senator Henry "Scoop" Jackson, was considered the favorite of the party establishment after Muskie's withdrawal.

Alabama governor George Wallace, with his "outsider" image, did well in the South (he won every county in the Florida primary with the exception of Miami-Dade)^[39] and among alienated and dissatisfied voters. What might have become a forceful campaign was cut short when Wallace was shot while campaigning, and left paralyzed in an assassination attempt by Arthur Bremer.

Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee Wilbur Mills was drafted by friends and fellow Congressmen to make himself available as a candidate for the primaries. To position himself to appeal to senior citizens during the 1972 presidential campaign, Mills championed the automatic Cost Of Living Adjustment (COLA) to Social Security. He was not strong in the primaries and won 33 votes for president from the delegates at the 1972 Democratic National Convention which nominated Senator George McGovern.

Washington Senator Scoop Jackson was little known nationally when he first ran for president in 1972. McGovern accused Jackson of racism for his opposition to busing. Jackson's high point in the campaign was a distant third in the early Florida primary, but he failed to stand out of the pack of better-known rivals, and only made real news later in the campaign as part of the "Anybody but McGovern" coalition, that raised what would be known as the "Acid, Amnesty and Abortion" questions about McGovern. Jackson suspended active campaigning in May after a weak showing in the Ohio primary. Jackson did re-emerge at the August Democratic convention after runner-up Humphrey dropped out of the race. Jackson's name was placed in nomination by Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter, and he finished second in the delegate roll call, well behind nominee McGovern.^[40]^[41]

March 7: New Hampshire

Prior to the New Hampshire primary, the "Canuck Letter" was published in the Manchester Union-Leader. The letter (later revealed to have been forged as part of the "dirty tricks" campaign by Nixon staffers)^[42] claimed that Muskie had made disparaging remarks about French-Canadians. The paper subsequently published an attack on Muskie's wife Jane, reporting that she drank and used off-color language. Muskie made an emotional defense of his wife in a speech outside the newspaper's offices during a snowstorm. Though Muskie later stated that what had appeared to the press as tears were actually melted snowflakes, the press reported that Muskie broke down and cried.^[43] Muskie did worse than expected in the primary, while McGovern came in a surprisingly close second. McGovern now had the momentum, which was well orchestrated by his campaign manager, Gary Hart.

May 15–16: Attempted Wallace assassination, Maryland, and Michigan

While campaigning in Laurel, Maryland, on May 15, 1972, Wallace was shot five times by Arthur Bremer. Three others wounded in the shooting also survived. Bremer's diary, published after his arrest as a book titled An Assassin's Diary, showed that Bremer's assassination attempt was not motivated by politics, but by a desire for fame, and that President Nixon had been a possible target. The assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed for the rest of his life, as one of the bullets had lodged in his spinal column.

As a result of the shooting, President Nixon dispatched Secret Service protection to Representatives Shirley Chisholm and Wilbur Mills (two candidates who had not been assigned Secret Service details up to then) as well as Senator Ted Kennedy (though not running, because of his brothers John and Robert having been assassinated).^[44]

Following the shooting, Wallace won the May 16 primaries in Maryland and Michigan. Wallace spoke at the Democratic National Convention from his wheelchair in Miami on July 11, 1972. Bremer was sentenced to 53 years in prison for the shooting. He served 35 years of the sentence and was released on parole on November 9, 2007.

In a widely noted article, journalist Seymour Hersh claimed that secret recordings of Nixon prove that, within hours of the assassination attempt, the president and a top aide dispatched a political operative, E. Howard Hunt, who rushed to Milwaukee with plans to surreptitiously enter Bremer's apartment and plant the campaign literature of Democratic contender George McGovern.^[45] According to Hersh, Hunt aborted the operation because the FBI had sealed off Bremer's apartment prior to his arrival.

However, a 2007 analysis of the Nixon tapes by the History News Network did not turn up any evidence of the clandestine operation described by Hersh. While the tapes did show that Nixon had instructed presidential aide Charles W. Colson to anonymously spread the false rumor that there was "unmistakable evidence" that Bremer had been a "a supporter of McGovern and Kennedy", there was no apparent trace of Nixon tasking subordinates with entering Bremer's apartment to plant Democratic campaign materials.^[46]

Endorsements

George McGovern

McGovern had received endorsements from:

Executive Branch Officials

John Galbraith, U.S. Ambassador to India (1961-1963)^[47]

U.S. Senators

Fred R. Harris, U.S. Senator for Oklahoma (1964-1973)^[48]
William Proxmire, U.S. Senator for Wisconsin (1957-1989)^[49]
Abraham Ribicoff, U.S. Senator for Connecticut (1963-1981)^[48]

Ernest Gruening, U.S. Senator for Alaska (1959-1969)^[50]

U.S. Representatives

James Abourezk, U.S. Representative for SD-02 (1971-1973)^[51]
John Conyers,^[d] U.S. Representative for MI-01 (1965-1993)^[52]
Ron Dellums, U.S. Representative for CA-07 (1971-1975)^[53]
Frank Denholm, U.S. Representative for SD-01 (1971-1975)^[54]
Robert Drinan, U.S. Representative for MA-03 (1971-1973)^[55]
Pete McCloskey, U.S. Representative for CA-11 (Republican) (1967-1973)^[56]

Richard Ottinger, U.S. Representative for NY-25 (1965-1971)^[55]

Governors

Richard Kneip, Governor of South Dakota (1971-1978)^[57]

State Executive Officials

William Dougherty, Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota (1971-1975)^[57]

Charles Smith, State Treasurer of Wisconsin^[58]

State Representatives

Willie Brown, 18th District (1965-1974)^[59]
Kenneth Cory, 69th District (1967-1974)^[60]
Robert Crown, 14th District (1957-1973)^[60]
John Dunlap, 5th District (1967-1974)^[60]
Kenneth A. Meade, 16th District (1971-1974)^[60]
John Vasconcellos, 24th District (1967-1974)^[60]

Sandy D'Alemberte, 98th District (1967-1972)^[61]

Julian Bond, 111th District (1965-1973)^[52]

Oliver Koppell, 84th District (1970-1982)^[62]

Local and county officials

Robert Abrams, Bronx Borough President^[63]

Eldon Clingan, New York City Councilman, At-Large District (1970-1973)^[64]
Matthew Troy, New York City Councilman, 5th District (1964-1977)^[65]

Party Officials

James Guffey, Chair of the South Dakota Democratic Party^[57]
Cliff Larson, Chair of the Iowa Democratic Party^[48]

Alfred Catalfo, Chair of the New Hampshire Democratic Party^[66]

Business Leaders

Robert Bernstein, President of Random House^[67]
Max Palevsky, Venture Capitalist ^[67]
Eli Sagan, President of New York Girl Coat Co.^[67]

Business Leaders

Robert Bernstein, President of Random House^[67]
Freddie Fields, Co-Founder of Creative Management Associates^[68]
Max Palevsky, Venture Capitalist ^[67]
Eli Sagan, President of New York Girl Coat Co.^[67]
Robert Townsend, Former President of Avis^[69]

Political Operatives

Actors

Jack Albertson, Actor, Comedian and Singer^[69]
Alan Arkin, Actor and Director^[69]
Warren Beatty, Actor^[73]
Polly Bergen, Actress^[68]
Red Buttons, Actor and Comedian^[69]
Julie Christie, Actress^[73]
Mike Connors, Actor^[69]
Tony Curtis, Actor^[69]
Britt Ekland, Actress^[68]
Anthony Franciosa, Actor^[69]
Ben Gazzara, Actor and Director^[69]
Elliott Gould, Actor^[69]
Tammy Grimes, Actress^[69]
Gene Hackman, Actor^[74]
Julie Harris, Actress^[69]
Dustin Hoffman, Actor^[69]
Marsha Hunt, Actress^[69]
Jane Fonda, Actor^[74]
James Earl Jones, Actor^[69]
Goldie Hawn, Actress^[68]
Elia Kazan, Director^[69]
Sally Kellerman, Actress^[69]
Gene Kelly, Actor and Singer^[69]
Eartha Kitt, Actress^[69]
Jack Klugman, Actor^[69]
Burt Lancaster, Actor^[73]
Jack Lemmon, Actor^[74]
Shirley MacLaine, Actress^[73]
Karl Malden, Actor^[69]
Fredric March, Actor^[69]
Walter Matthau, Actor, Director and Comedian^[69]
Elaine May, Actress, Comedian and Playwright^[69]
Vera Miles, Actress^[69]
Rita Moreno, Actress and Singer^[69]
Robert Morse, Actor^[69]
Paul Newman, Actor and Director^[69]
Mike Nichols, Actor and Director^[73]
Jack Nicholson, Actor^[68]
Leonard Nimoy, Actor^[68]
Ryan O'Neal, Actor^[74]
Hal Prince, Director^[69]
Tom Poston, Actor^[69]
Tony Randall, Actor^[69]
Janice Rule, Actress and Psychotherapist^[69]
Barbara Rush, Actress^[68]
Robert Ryan, Actor^[69]
Eva Marie Saint, Actress^[69]
Tom Smothers, Actor, Comedian, Musician^[69]
Rod Steiger, Actor^[69]
Marlo Thomas, Actress^[74]
Lily Tomlin, Actress, Comedian and Singer^[69]
Robert Vaughn, Actor^[69]
Jon Voight, Actor^[75]
Eli Wallach, Actor^[69]
Dennis Weaver, Actor^[68]
Raquel Welch, Actress^[74]
Gene Wilder, Actor, Comedian and Filmmaker^[69]
Joanne Woodward, Actress^[69]

Musicians

Ed Ames, Singer and Actor^[69]
Dave Brubeck, Jazz Pianist and Composer^[69]
Sonny Bono, Singer^[69]
Judy Collins, Singer^[69]
Peter Duchin, Pianist^[74]
Cass Elliot, Singer^[75]
Carole King, Singer^[76]
Tom Lehrer, Singer and Satirist^[69]
Alan Lerner, Lyricist and Librettist^[69]
Quincy Jones, Composer and Conductor^[77]
Henry Mancini, Composer and Conductor^[69]
Herbie Mann, Jazz Flutist^[69]
Joni Mitchell, Singer and Multi-instrumentalist^[78]
Michelle Phillips, Singer^[68]
Cher, Singer and Actress^[69]
Artie Shaw, Clarinetist, Composer, Actor and Director^[69]
Carly Simon, Singer, Memoirist, Author^[69]
Paul Simon, Singer ^[78]
Barbra Streisand, Singer^[76]
James Taylor, Singer and Guitarist^[76]
Mary Travers, Singer^[69]
Andy Williams, Singer^[69]
Ruth Warrick, Singer and Actress^[69]

Academics

Thomas Adams, President of the Massachusetts Historical Society^[47]
Stephen Birmingham, Author^[69]
Mary Bunting, Bacterial Geneticist ^[47]
Owen Chamberlain, Physicist ^[79]
Salvador Luria, Microbiologist ^[79]
Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Historian ^[80]
Neil Simon, Playwright and Author^[69]
Albert Szent-Györgyi, Biochemist ^[79]
Richard Clement Wade, Historian ^[79]
George Wald, Scientist ^[81]

Sports Figures

Arthur Ashe, Tennis Player^[69]
Shelley Mann, Swimmer and Olympic Medalist^[69]
Paul Warfield, NFL wide receiver^[78]

Religious Figures

Ralph Abernathy, Baptist Minister ^[78]

Activists and Public Figures

Helen Emmerich, Freelance Writer ^[82]
Jerome Grossman^[83]
Abbie Hoffman^[84]
Jesse Jackson, President of PUSH (1971-1984)^[85]
Kathleen Kennedy^[86]
Coretta King^[87]
George Plimpton, Writer and Journalist^[69]
Victor G. Reuther, Labor Organizer ^[88]
Jerry Rubin^[84]
Richard Stearns^[72]

Newspapers

The Palm Beach Post ^[89]
The Miami News^[90]

George Wallace

Wallace had received endorsements from:

U.S. Senators

James Allen, U.S. Senator from Alabama^[91]

Governors

Ross Barnett, Governor of Mississippi^[92]

State Executive Officials

Lester Maddox, Lieutenant Governor of Georgia^[93]

Mabel Amos, Secretary of State of Alabama^[94]

Agnes Baggett, State Treasurer of Alabama^[94]

Melba Till Allen, State Auditor of Alabama^[95]

Richard Beard, Agriculture Commissioner of Alabama^[94]

Juanita McDaniel, Member of the Alabama Public Service Commission^[94]
Jack Owen, Member of the Alabama Public Service Commission^[94]

State Senators

William Barrow, 3rd District (1966-1972)^[96]

Hugh Carter, 14th District (1967-1981)^[97]

Local and county officials

John McKinney, Mayor of Talladega, Alabama^[98]
Ronnie Thompson, Mayor of Macon, Georgia (Republican) (1967-1975)^[99]

Business Leaders

Bill France Sr., Founder and CEO of NASCAR^[100]

Actors

Chill Wills, Actor and Singer^[69]

Musicians

Billy Grammer, Singer and Guitaris^[101]
George Jones, Singer^[69]
Grandpa Jones, Banjo Player and Singer^[74]
Ferlin Husky, Singer^[69]
Stonewall Jackson, Singer^[102]
Hank Snow, Guitarist and Singer^[74]
Tammy Wynette, Singer^[69]

Activists and public figures

Tom Turnipseed, Attorney^[103]
Robert Shelton, Imperial Wizard of the United Klans of America^[104]

Organizations

Independent Party of South Carolina^[105]
American Party of South Carolina^[105]

Hubert Humphrey

Humphrey had received endorsements from:

Executive Branch Officials

Orville Freeman, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture (1961-1969)^[106]

John Gronouski, U.S. Ambassador to Poland (1965-1968)^[107]

U.S. Senators

Walter Mondale, U.S. Senator from Minnesota^[108]

Governors

Haydon Burns, Governor of Florida (1965-1967)^[92]
Charley Johns, Governor of Florida (1953-1955)^[92]

State Senators

Edwin Fraser (1961-1963)^[61]

State Representatives

C. J. McLin, 36th District (1967-1988)^[52]

State Representatives

Maurice Ferré, 91st District (1967-1968)^[61]

Local and county officials

Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco, California (1968-1976)^[109]
Ted Berry, Mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio (1972-1976)^[110]
Alfonso Cervantes, Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri (1965-1973)^[110]
Chuck Hall, Mayor of Miami Beach, Florida (1971-1974)^[61]
David T. Kennedy, Mayor of Miami, Florida (1970-1973)^[61]
James McGee, Mayor of Dayton, Ohio (1970-1982)^[78]

Maynard Abrams, Mayor of Hollywood, Florida (?)^[61]

Business Leaders

Dwayne Andreas, CEO of ADM^[111]
Joseph Cole, President of Cole National Corp.^[111]
Joseph Danzansky, Head of Giant Foods Inc.^[111]
Harrison Dogole, Chairman of Globe Security Systems^[111]
Harold Greenwood, President of Midwest Federal Savings & Loan^[111]
Carl Pohlad, President of Marquette National Bank^[111]

Actors

Edie Adams, Actress, Comedian and Singer^[74]
Jimmy Durante, Actor, Comedian and Singer^[74]
Eva Gabor, Actress^[112]
Lorne Greene, Actor and Singer^[74]
Phyllis Kirk, Actress^[69]

Dick Shawn, Actor and Comedian^[69]

Musicians

Ray Charles, Singer and Pianist^[69]
Billy Daniels, Singer^[69]
Percy Faith, Composer and Conductor^[69]
Robert Goulet, Singer and Actor^[74]
Trini Lopez, Singer, Guitarist and Actor^[69]
The New Christy Minstrels, Folk Music Group^[69]

Sports Figures

Alan Page, NFL defensive tackle^[113]

Activists and public figures

I. W. Abel, President of United Steelworkers^[111]
Peter Bommarito, President of United Rubber Workers of America^[111]
Revels Cayton^[114]
~~Harry Davis~~ (Endorsed Chisholm, March 23rd)^[115]
John Jay Hooker, Attorney^[116]
Eugene Wyman, Attorney^[111]

Organizations

Newspapers

Edmund Muskie (To April 27th, 1972)

Muskie had received endorsements from:

Executive Branch Officials

Raúl Héctor Castro, U.S. Ambassador to Bolivia (1968-1969)^[119]

U.S. Senators

Quentin Burdick, U.S. Senator for North Dakota (1960-1992)^[120]
Frank Church, U.S. Senator for Idaho (1957-1981)^[121]
Thomas Eagleton, U.S. Senator for Missouri (1968-1987)^[122]
Mike Gravel, U.S. Senator^[120]
Philip Hart, U.S. Senator for Michigan (1959-1976)^[123]
Harold Hughes, U.S. Senator for Iowa (1969-1975)^[124]
Thomas McIntyre, U.S. Senator for New Hampshire (1962-1979)^[125]
Lee Metcalf, U.S. Senator for Montana (1961-1978)^[120]
Frank Moss, U.S. Senator for Utah (1959-1977)^[126]
Adlai Stevenson III, U.S. Senator for Illinois (1970-1981)^[127]
Stuart Symington, U.S. Senator for Missouri (1953-1976)^[122]
John Tunney, U.S. Senator for California (1971-1977)^[127]
Harrison Williams, U.S. Senator for New Jersey (1959-1982)^[127]

Albert Gore Sr., U.S. Senator for Tennessee (1953-1971)^[116]
Joseph Tydings, U.S. Senator for Maryland (1965-1971)^[116]

U.S. Representatives

Lionel Van Deerlin, U.S. Representative for CA-37 (1963-1981)^[128]
Dante Fascell, U.S. Representative for FL-12 (1967-1973)^[61]
Sam Gibbons, U.S. Representative for FL-06 (1967-1973)^[129]
Tip O'Neill, U.S. Representative for MA-08 (1963-1987)^[130]
Thomas M. Rees, U.S. Representative for CA-26 (1971-1975)^[131]
James V. Stanton, U.S. Representative for OH-20 (1971-1977)^[120]
Mo Udall, U.S. Representative for AZ-02 (1961-1991)^[132]
Charles Vanik, U.S. Representative for OH-22 (1955-1981)^[120]

Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr., U.S. Representative for NY-20 (1949-1955)^[133]

Governors

Wendell Ford, Governor of Kentucky (1971-1974)^[134]
John Gilligan, Governor of Ohio (1971-1975)^[135]
Warren Hearnes, Governor of Missouri (1965-1973)^[122]
Cal Rampton, Governor of Utah (1965-1977)^[126]

Buford Ellington, Governor of Tennessee (1967-1971)^[116]
Samuel Goddard Jr., Governor of Arizona (1965-1967)^[119]

State Executive Officials

Jerry Brown, Secretary of State of California (1971-1975)^[131]
John Davoren, Secretary of State of Massachusetts (1967-1974)^[130]

Robert H. Quinn, Attorney General of Massachusetts (1969-1975)^[130]

Robert Q. Crane, State Treasurer of Massachusetts (1964-1991)^[130]
Tom Wiseman, State Treasurer of Tennessee^[116]

Thaddeus M. Buczko, State Auditor of Massachusetts (1969-1975)^[130]

State Senators

Sam Lenoard Lena, 12-Pima (1971-1975)^[116]

James Mills, 40th District (President Pro Tempore) (1963-1974) ^[131]
George Zenovich, 16th District (1971-1974) ^[131]

Lynwood Arnold, 9th District (1970-1972)^[61]
Bob Graham, 48th District (1970-1972)^[61]
Bill Gunter, 18th District (1966-1972)^[61]
Ray Knopke, 23rd District (1966-1972)^[61]
Kenneth Myers, 45th District (1968-1972)^[61]
Louis A. de la Parte Jr., 26th District (1967-1972)^[61]
Dan Scarborough, ? District (?)^[61]

Kevin Harrington, 2nd Essex District (1959-1978) (Senate President)^[130]

John E. Mathews, ? District (?)^[61]

State Representatives

Mike Cullen, 44th District (1967-1974) ^[131]
Joe Gonsalves, 44th District (1963-1974) ^[131]
John Quimby, 72nd District (1963-1974) ^[131]

George Baumgartner, 107th District (1968-1972)^[61]
Dick Clark, 93rd District (1968-1976)^[61]
Murray Dubbin, 95th District (1963-1974)^[61]
Harold Featherstone, 101st District (1967-1972)^[61]
Jeff Gautier, 109th District (1968-1972)^[61]
Joe Lang Kershaw, 105th District (1968-1982)^[61]
Elvin Martinez, ? District (1966-1998)^[61]
Richard Pettigrew, 97th District (1963-1972)^[61]
Carl Singleton, 103rd District (1968-1972)^[61]
Guy Spicola, 62nd District (1971-1973)^[61]
Edward Trombetta, 89th District (1970-1972)^[61]
Ralph Turlington, ? District (1950-1974)^[61]
Louis Wolfson, ? District (1963-1973)^[61]

David Bartley, 7th Hampden District (1963-1976) (House Speaker)^[130]

Frederick Schultz, ? District (1963-1970)^[61]

Local and county officials

Hans Tanzler, Mayor of Jacksonville, Florida (1971-1974)^[136]
Kevin White, Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts (1968-1984)^[130]

Joseph Casdin, Mayor of Worcester, Massachusetts (1967-1968)^[137]

Party Officials

Rogert Kent, Chair of the California Democratic Party^[60]

Business Leaders

Sumner Redstone, CEO of National Amusements^[133]

Actors

Jim Backus, Actor^[69]
Gene Barry, Actor^[69]
Jackie Cooper, Actor and Director^[69]
Richard Crenna, Actor^[69]
Henry Fonda, Actor^[74]
Peter Fonda, Actor^[74]
Rosey Grier, Actor and Singer^[74]
Jack Lemmon, Actor^[74]
Darren McGavin, Actor^[69]
Greg Morris, Actor^[69]
Ryan O'Neal, Actor^[74]
Edward G. Robinson, Actor^[69]
Leslie Uggams, Actress and Singer^[69]
Shelley Winters, Actress^[69]
Natalie Wood, Actress^[69]

Musicians

Peter Duchin, Pianist^[74]
Dionne Warwick, Singer^[69]

Sports Figures

Activists and public figures

Gilbert Merritt Jr., Attorney^[116]
Alcee Hastings, Attorney^[138]
Emily Kimbrough, Author and Journalist^[69]

Scoop Jackson (To May 2nd, 1972)

Jackson had received endorsements from:

U.S. Senators

Sam Ervin, U.S. Senator for North Carolina (1954-1974)^[139]
Warren Magnuson, U.S. Senator for Washington (1944-1981)^[140]

Spessard Holland, U.S. Senator for Florida (1946-1971)^[61]

U.S. Representatives

Charles Bennett, U.S. Representative for FL-03 (1967-1993)^[61]
Bill Chappell, U.S. Representative for FL-04 (1969-1989)^[61]
Tom Foley, U.S. Representative for WA-05 (1965-1995)^[141]
Edith Green, U.S. Representative for OR-03 (1955-1974)^[142]
James Haley, U.S. Representative for FL-07 (1969-1989)^[61]
Floyd Hicks, U.S. Representative for WA-06 (1965-1977)^[140]
Mike McCormack, U.S. Representative for WA-04 (1971-1981)^[140]
Lloyd Meeds, U.S. Representative for WA-02 (1965-1979)^[140]
Bob Sikes, U.S. Representative for FL-01 (1945-1979)^[61]

Governors

Farris Bryant, Governor of Florida (1961-1965)^[61]

State Executive Officials

Thomas O'Malley Jr., State Treasurer of Florida^[61]

Floyd Christian, Commissioner of Education of Florida^[143]
Fred Dickinson, State Comptroller of Florida^[143]

State Senators

Ben Hill Griffin Jr.^[61]
George Tapper, 25th District (1953-1956)^[61]

State Representatives

George Firestone, ? District (1966-1972)^[61]
Sherman Winn, 105th District (1970-1972)^[61]

Edward Clarence Bank II^[116]
James Roberson^[116]

Robert Brake, ? District (1966-1967)^[61]

Local and county officials

Robert Carl Anderson, Mayor of Everett, Washington (Republican)^[90]
Avery Garrett, Mayor of Renton, Washington (1969-1976)^[140]
Gordon Johnston, Mayor of Tacoma, Washington^[90]
Wesley Uhlman, Mayor of Seattle, Washington (1969-1978)^[140]

Business Leaders

Monford Orloff, President of Evans Products<^[142]
Stephen W. H. Yih, President of Wah Chang Corp.<^[142]

Political Operatives

Hyman Raskin^[141]
Ben Wattenberg^[141]

Academics

Reid Buckley^[141]

Newspapers

Palm Beach Times^[90]
Fort Myers News-Press^[90]

Shirley Chisholm

Chisholm had received endorsements from:

U.S. Representatives

John Conyers,^[e] U.S. Representative for MI-01 (1965-1993)^[144]
~~Ron Dellums, U.S. Representative for CA-07~~^[f] (1971-1975)^[145]^[53]
Parren Mitchell, U.S. Representative for MD-07 (1971-1987)^[145]

State Representatives

Gwen Cherry, 106th District (1970-1979)^[61]

Local and county officials

Richard Hatcher, Mayor of Gary, Indiana (1968-1988)^[146]

Maynard Jackson, Deputy Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia (1970-1974) ^[147]
Percy Sutton, Manhattan Borough President^[146]

Actors

Godfrey Cambridge, Actor and Comedian^[69]
Ossie Davis, Actor and Director^[69]
Ruby Dee, Actress and Playwright^[69]
Sidney Poitier, Actor^[74]
Diahann Carroll, Actress and Singer^[74]

Musicians

Harry Belafonte, Singer and Actor^[74]
Roberta Flack, Singer^[69]
Lena Horne, Singer and Actress^[74]

Academics

Susan Welch, Political Scientist ^[148]

Religious Figures

Ralph Abernathy, Head of the SCLC^[149]

Activists and public figures

Harry Davis^[115]
Paul O'Dwyer, Attorney^[150]
Betty Friedan, President of NOW (1966-1970)^[151]
John Harper II, Chairman of the UCP^[152]
LaDonna Harris^[153]
Jesse Jackson, President of PUSH (1971-1984)^[146]
Florynce Kennedy^[154]
Gary Miller, Gay Rights Activist^[114]
Huey P. Newton, Leader of the Black Panther Party^[155]
Jerry Rubin^[156]
Bobby Seale^[155]
Gloria Steinem, Chairman of WAA (1971-1978)^[151]

Geraldine Travis^[157]

Organizations

Black Panther Party^[155]
Feminist Party^[158]

United Citizens Party^[152]

Terry Sanford

Sanford had received endorsements from:

Executive Branch Officials

Luther Hodges, U.S. Secretary of Commerce (1961-1965)^[119]

U.S. Senators

B. Everett Jordan, U.S. Senator for North Carolina (1958-1973)^[159]

U.S. Representatives

Nick Galifianakis, U.S. Representative for NC-04 (1969-1973)^[159]

Brooks Hays, U.S. Representative for AR-05 (1943-1959)^[160]

Governors

Robert Scott, Governor of North Carolina (1969-1973)^[161]

State Executive Officials

Andrew Miller, Attorney General of Virginia (1970-1977)^[162]
Robert Morgan, Attorney General of North Carolina (1969-1974)^[163]

Activists and public figures

Anne Cannon Forsyth^[164]
Wilbur Hobby, Labor Unionist^[159]

John Lindsay (To April 4th, 1972)

Lindsay had received endorsements from:

Executive Branch Officials

Elizabeth Gatov, Treasurer of the United States (1961-1962)^[165]

State Senators

Edmond Gong, 40th District (1966-1972)^[61]

Antonio Olivieri, 66th District (1971-1974)^[166]
Leonard Simon, 66th District (1967-1973)^[166]

Dennis Conta, Milwaukee - 3rd District (1968-1976)^[167]
James Wahner, Milwaukee - 15th District (1971-1980)^[167]
Terry Willkom, Chippewa (?)^[167]

Frederick Karl, 14th District (1968-1971)^[61]

Local and county officials

Charles Evers, Mayor of Fayette, Mississippi (1969-1981)^[138]

Norman Levy, Head of the New York City Tax Commission ^[166]
Jerome Kretchmer, New York City EPA Administrator^[168]^[169]
Ken Patton, New York City Economic Development Administrator^[169]
Eleanor Holmes Norton, Chairman of the New York City Human Rights Commission^[169]

Local and county officials

Richard Aurelio, Deputy Mayor of New York City (?-1971)^[170]
Richard Kellerman, Deputy Police Commissioner of New York City (1969-1970)^[168]

Party Officials

John J. Burns, Chair of the Democratic Party of New York (1965-1971)^[171]

Business Leaders

David Garth President of Garth Associates, Inc.^[168]

Political Operatives

Sidney Davidoff, Senior Advisor (1966-1973)^[168]
Ronnie Eldridge, Special Mayoral Assistant to Lindsay (?-1971)^[172]

Actors

Sherri Finkbine, Actress^[173]
Carroll O'Connor, Actor^[112]

Activists and public figures

Jeff Greenfield, Journalist and Writer(1969-1970)^[168]
Dan Paul, Attorney^[61]
Leonard Ross, Professor at Columbia Law School^[168]

Fred Harris (To November 10th, 1971)

Harris had received endorsements from:

Executive Branch Officials

Jack H. Vaughn, U.S. Ambassador to Colombia (1969-1970) (Campaign Manager)^[174]

Business Leaders

Herbert Allen Jr. President of Allen & Company^[174]
Eli Timoner President of Griffin Industries^[175]

Birch Bayh (To October 12th, 1971)

Bayh had received endorsements from:

State Senators

Al Alquist, 13th District (1967-1976)^[60]

State Representatives

March Fong Eu, 15th District (1967-1974)^[60]

Results

Schedule

Tablemaker's Note:^[g]

Date	Total pledged delegates	Contest and total popular vote	Delegates won and popular vote
			George McGovern	Hubert Humphrey	George Wallace	Edmund Muskie	Henry Jackson	Wilbur Mills	Shirley Chisholm	Terry Sanford	John Lindsay	Eugene McCarthy	Sam Yorty	Vance Hartke	Patsy Mink	Walter Fauntroy	Other(s) Unpledged

January 25	0 (of 44)	Iowa Caucuses^[h]	(22.60%)	(1.62%)	-	(35.50%)	(1.06%)	-	(1.33%)	-	-	(1.41%)	-	-	-	-	(35.80%)
January 29	0 (of 25)	Arizona Caucuses^[176] 500 SDs	102 SDs (20.40%)	2 SDs (0.40%)	-	189 SDs (37.80%)	2 SDs (0.40%)	-	1 SDs (0.20%)	-	118 SDs (23.60%)	-	-	1 SDs (0.20%)	-	-	85 SDs^[i] (17.00%)
February 12	25 (of 25)	Arizona State Convention^[177]	5 Del.	-	-	9 Del.	-	-	-	-	6 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	5 Del.^[j]
February 26	0 (of 44)	Iowa County Conventions^[178] 3,641 SDs	983 SDs (27.00%)	-	-	1,409 SDs (38.70%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,249 SDs^[k] (34.30%)
February 27	25 (of 25)	Mississippi State Convention^[l]^[179]^[180]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	25 Del.^[m]
March 7	20 (of 20)	New Hampshire Primary^[181] 88,854	6 Del. 33,007 (37.15%)	348 WI (0.39%)	175 WI (0.20%)	14 Del. 41,235 (46.41%)	197 WI (0.22%)	3,563 WI (4.01%)	-	-	-	-	5,401 (6.08%)	2,417 (2.72%)	-	-	2,511^[n] (2.83%)
March 11	40 (of 40)	Georgia District Conventions^[182]	4 Del.	-	-	-	-	1 Del.	5 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	30 Del.^[o]
March 14	81 (of 81)	Florida Primary^[183] 1,264,554	78,232 (6.19%)	6 Del. 234,658 (18.56%)	75 Del. 526,651 (41.65%)	112,523 (8.90%)	170,156 (13.46%)	4,539 (0.36%)	43,989 (3.48%)	-	82,386 (6.52%)	5,847 (0.46%)	2,564 (0.20%)	3,009 (0.24%)	-	-	-
March 21	0 (of 160)	Illinois Pres. Primary^[184] 1,225,144	3,687 WI (0.30%)	1,476 WI (0.12%)	7,017 WI (0.57%)	766,914 (62.60%)	442 WI (0.04%)	-	777 WI (0.06%)	-	118 WI (0.01%)	444,260 (36.26%)	-	-	-	-	453^[p] (0.04%)
March 21	160 (of 160)	Illinois Del. Primary^[185]	14 Del.	-	-	59 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	87 Del.^[q]
March 25	34 (of 44)	Iowa District Conventions^[186]	12 Del.	-	-	14 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8 Del.^[r]
March 29	32 (of 32)	South Carolina State Convention^[187]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	32 Del.^[s]
April 4	67 (of 67)	Wisconsin Primary^[188] 1,128,584	54 Del. 333,528 (29.55%)	13 Del. 233,748 (20.71%)	248,676 (22.03%)	115,811 (10.26%)	88,068 (7.80%)	913 (0.08%)	9,198 (0.82%)	-	75,579 (6.70%)	15,543 (1.38%)	2,349 (0.21%)	766 (0.07%)	1,213 (0.11%)	-	3,009^[t] (0.27%)
April 17	0 (of 17)	Idaho Caucuses^[189] 425 SDs	191 SDs (44.94%)	21 SDs (4.94%)	4 SDs (0.94%)	76 SDs (17.88%)	5 SDs (1.18%)	-	20 SDs (4.71%)	-	-	-	-	-	1 SDs (0.24%)	-	107 SDs^[u] (25.18%)
April 20	0 (of 12)	Vermont Caucuses^[190] 1,146 SDs	504 SDs (43.98%)	18 SDs (1.57%)	1 SDs (0.09%)	309 SDs (26.96%)	1 SDs (0.09%)	2 SDs (0.17%)	2 SDs (0.17%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	165 SDs^[v] (14.40%)
April 25	102 (of 102)	Massachusetts Primary^[191] 618,516	102 Del. 325,673 (52.65%)	48,929 (7.91%)	45,807 (7.41%)	0 Del.^[w] 131,709 (21.29%)	8,499 (1.37%)	19,441 (3.14%)	0 Del.^[x] 22,398 (3.62%)	-	2,107 (0.34%)	8,736 (1.41%)	646 (0.10%)	874 (0.14%)	-	-	0 Del. ^[y]3,697^[z] (0.60%)
	0 (of 182)	Pennsylvania Pres. Primary^[192] 1,374,894	280,861 (20.43%)	481,900 (35.05%)	292,437 (21.27%)	279,983 (20.36%)	38,767 (2.82%)	-	336 WI (0.02%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	610 ^[aa] (0.04%)
	182^[ab] (of 182)	Pennsylvania Del. Primary^[192]^[193]	54 Del.^[ac]	74 Del.^[ad]	2 Del.	40 Del.^[ae]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	12 Del.^[af]^[ag]
April 28–30	11 (of 11)	Nevada State Convention^[194]	4.95 Del.	1.65 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.40 Del.^[ah]
April 29	0 (of 47)	Kentucky Caucuses^[195] 1,944 SDs	381 SDs (19.60%)	6 SDs (0.31%)	22 SDs (1.13%)	59 SDs (3.03%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1,526 SDs^[ai] (78.50%)
May 2	29 (of 37)	Alabama Del. Convention^[196]	-	-	23 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6 Del.^[aj]
	76 (of 76)	Indiana Primary^[197] 751,458	-	49 Del. 354,244 (47.14%)	27 Del. 309,495 (41.19%)	87,719 (11.67%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	145 (of 153)	Ohio Primary^[198]^[199] 1,205,194	66 Del. 478,434 (39.70%)	74 Del. 497,538 (41.28%)	-	105,903 (8.79%)	97,896 (8.12%)	-	-	-	-	25,423 (2.11%)	-	-	-	-	13 Del.^[ak]
	20 (of 20)	Washington D.C. Primary^[200] 29,560	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	20 Del. 21,217 (71.78%)	8,343 (28.22%)^[al]
May 4	49 (of 49)	Tennessee Primary^[201] 751,458	35,551 (7.22%)	78,350 (15.90%)	49 Del. 335,858 (68.16%)	9,634 (1.96%)	5,896 (1.20%)	2,543 (0.52%)	18,809 (3.82%)	-	1,476 (0.30%)	2,267 (0.46%)	692 (0.14%)	1,621 (0.33%)	-	-	24 (0.01%)
May 5 ^[am]	51 (of 64)	Minnesota District Conventions^[202]	14 Del.	26 Del.	-	-	-	-	6 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
May 6	57 (of 57)	North Carolina Primary^[181] 821,410	-	-	37 Del. 413,518 (50.34%)	30,739 (3.74%)	9,416 (1.15%)	-	61,723 (7.51%)	27 Del. 306,014 (37.26%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
May 9	22 (of 22)	Nebraska Primary^[203] 192,137	18 Del. 79,309 (41.28%)	4 Del. 65,968 (34.33%)	23,912 (12.45%)	6,886 (3.58%)	5,276 (2.75%)	377 (0.20%)	1,763 (0.92%)	-	1,244 (0.65%)	3,194 (1.66%)	3,459 (1.80%)	249 (0.13%)	-	-	500^[an] (0.26%)
	0 (of 35)	West Virginia Pres. Primary^[204] 368,484	-	246,596 (66.92%)	121,888 (33.08%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	35 (of 35)	West Virginia Del. Primary^[204]	7 Del. ^[ao]	14 Del. ^[ap]	-	5 Del. ^[aq]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9 Del.^[ar]
May 12	11 (of 11)	Wyoming State Convention^[205]	0.55 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	10.45 Del.^[as]
May 13	3 (of 3)	Canal Zone Territorial Convention^[206]	2.5 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5 Del. ^[at]
	30 (of 35)	Kansas District Conventions^[207]	12 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	18 Del.^[au]
	44^[av](of 44)	Louisiana District Conventions^[208]^[209]	10 Del.	-	3 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	32 Del.^[aw]
May 16	53 (of 53)	Maryland Primary^[210] 568,131	6 Del. 126,978 (22.35%)	6 Del. 151,981 (26.75%)	41 Del. 219,687 (38.67%)	13,363 (2.35%)	17,728 (3.12%)	4,776 (0.84%)	12,602 (2.22%)	-	2,168 (0.38%)	4,691 (0.83%)	13,584 (2.39%)	-	573 (0.10%)	-	-
May 16	132 (of 132)	Michigan Primary^[211]^[212] 1,588,073	38 Del. 425,694 (26.81%)	27 Del. 249,798 (15.73%)	67 Del. 809,239 (50.96%)	38,701 (2.44%)	6,938 (0.44%)	-	44,090 (2.78%)	-	-	-	-	2,862 (0.18%)	-	-	10,751 ^[ax] (0.68%)
May 19	20 (of 20)	Maine State Convention^[213]	-	-	-	20 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
May 19–21	17 (of 17)	Hawaii State Convention^[214]^[215]	1.5 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.5 Del.	-	14 Del.^[ay]
May 20	10 (of 44)	Iowa State Convention^[216]	5 Del.	-	-	3 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 Del.^[az]
	12 (of 12)	Vermont State Convention^[217]	9 Del.	-	-	3 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	46 (of 52)	Washington District Conventions^[218]^[219]	0 Del. ^[ba]	-	-	-	46 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
May 23	55 (of 73)	Missouri District Conventions^[220]	11 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	44 Del. ^[bb]
	34 (of 34)	Oregon Primary^[221] 408,644	34 Del. 205,328 (50.25%)	51,163 (12.52%)	81,868 (20.03%)	10,244 (2.51%)	22,042 (5.39%)	1,208 (0.30%)	2,975 (0.73%)	-	5,082 (1.24%)	8,943 (2.19%)	-	-	6,500 (1.59%)	-	13,291 ^[bc] (3.25%)
	22 (of 22)	Rhode Island Primary^[222] 37,864	22 Del. 15,603 (41.21%)	7,701 (20.34%)	5,802 (15.32%)	7,838 (20.70%)	138 (0.36%)	41 (0.11%)	-	-	-	245 (0.65%)	6 (0.02%)	-	-	-	490 ^[bd] (1.29%)
May 26	10 (of 10)	Alaska State Convention^[223]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	10 Del.^[be]
May 27	3 (of 3)	Guam Territorial Convention^[224]	1 Del.	1.5 Del.	-	0.5 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
May 27	3 (of 3)	Virgin Islands Territorial Convention^[225]^[226]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 Del.
June 2	38 (of 51)	Connecticut District Conventions^[227]	15 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	23 Del.^[bf]
June 2	35 (of 47)	Kentucky District Conventions^[228]	7 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	28 Del. ^[bg]
June 3	12 (of 47)	Kentucky State Convention^[228]	3 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9 Del. ^[bh]
June 3	30 (of 39)	Oklahoma District Conventions^[229]	10 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	20 Del. ^[bi]
June 6	271 (of 271)	California Primary^[230] 3,564,518	271 Del. 1,550,652 (43.50%)	1,375,064 (38.58%)	268,551 WI (7.53%)	72,701 (2.04%)	28,901 (0.81%)	-	157,435 (4.42%)	-	26,246 (0.74%)	34,203 (0.96%)	50,745 (1.42%)	-	-	-	20 WI (1.59%)
	17 (of 17)	South Dakota Primary^[231] 28,017	17 Del. 28,017 (100.00%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	0 (of 109)	New Jersey Pres. Primary^[232] 76,834	-	-	-	-	-	-	51,433 (66.94%)	25,401 (33.06%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	109 (of 109)	New Jersey Del. Primary^[233]	72 Del.	10 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	27 Del. ^[bj]
	18 (of 18)	New Mexico Primary^[232] 153,293	10 Del. 51,011 (33.28%)	39,768 (25.94%)	8 Del. 44,843 (29.25%)	6,411 (4.18%)	4,236 (2.76%)	-	3,205 (2.09%)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3,819 ^[bk] (2.49%)
June 9	13 (of 64)	Minnesota State Convention^[234]	5 Del.	7 Del.	-	-	-	-	1 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
June 9	41 (of 53)	Virginia District Conventions^[235]^[236]	18 Del.	2 Del.	-	1 Del.	-	-	-	1 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	19 Del. ^[bl]
June 10	5 (of 35)	Kansas State Convention^[237]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5 Del.^[bm]
	18 (of 73)	Missouri State Convention^[238]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	18 Del. ^[bn]
	9 (of 39)	Oklahoma State Convention^[239]	3 Del. ^[bo]	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6 Del. ^[bp]
	12 (of 53)	Virginia State Convention^[236]^[240]	9 Del.	1 Del.	-	-	-	-	2 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
June 13	130 (of 130)	Texas State Convention^[241]	34 Del.	21 Del.	42 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	33 Del.^[bq]
June 16	27 (of 36)	Colorado District Conventions^[242]^[243]	17 Del.	6 Del.	-	-	-	-	1 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13 Del.^[br]
	13 (of 51)	Connecticut State Convention^[244]	5 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8 Del. ^[bs]
	17 (of 17)	Idaho State Convention^[245]	7 Del.	1 Del.	-	3 Del.	-	-	2 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4 Del.^[bt]
	14 (of 14)	North Dakota State Convention^[246]	7.7 Del.	4.2 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.1 Del.^[bu]
	19 (of 19)	Utah State Convention^[247]	11 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8 Del.^[bv]
June 17	17 (of 17)	Montana State Convention^[248]	14.5 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	1 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.5 Del.^[bw]
June 17	7 (of 7)	Puerto Rico Local Convention^[249]	6 Del.	0.5 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5 Del. ^[bx]
June 18	9 (of 36)	Colorado State Convention^[250]	7 Del.	1 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 Del.^[by]
June 20	278 ^[bz](of 278)	New York Del. Primary^[251]^[252]	251 Del.	-	-	1 Del.	-	-	4 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	22 Del. ^[ca]
June 23	6 (of 52)	Washington State Convention^[253]	-	-	-	-	6 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
June 24	27 (of 27)	Arkansas State Convention^[254]	-	-	-	-	-	27 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
June 24	13 (of 13)	Delaware State Convention^[255]	5.85 Del.	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.15 Del.^[cb]
Total 3,016 pledged delegates 16,207,757 votes			1319.55 4,051,565 (25.00%)	345.85 4,119,230 (25.42%)	371 3,755,424 (23.17%)	172.5 1,838,314 (11.34%)	52 504,596 (3.11%)	28 37,401 (0.23%)	22 430,733 (2.66%)	28 331,415 (2.04%)	6 196,406 (1.21%)	0 553,352 (3.41%)	0 79,446 (0.49%)	0 11,798 (0.07%)	1.5 8,286 (0.05%)	20 20,717 (0.13%)	618.6 47,518 (0.29%)
Suspected Delegate Count as of June 27^[256]			1,466.15 (48.61%)	385.50 (12.78%)	377 (12.50%)	208.85 (6.92%)	53.75 (1.78%)	30.55 (1.01%)	23.65 (0.78%)	27 (0.90%)	0 (0.00%)	0 (0.00%)	0 (0.00%)	0 (0.00%)	0 (0.00%)	0 (0.00%)	441.25 ^[cc] (14.63%)

Results by county

1972 Democratic primary results by county popular vote

George McGovern (red)

Hubert Humphrey (blue)

George Wallace (green)

Edmund Muskie (brown)

Eugene McCarthy (black)

Shirley Chisholm (gold)

Terry Sanford (orange)

Scoop Jackson (pink)

Uncommitted (yellow)

Total primaries popular vote

1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries^[257]
Candidate	Votes	%
Hubert H. Humphrey	4,121,372	25.8
George S. McGovern	4,053,451	25.3
George C. Wallace	3,755,424	23.5
Edmund S. Muskie	1,840,217	11.5
Eugene J. McCarthy	553,955	3.5
Henry M. Jackson	505,198	3.2
Shirley A. Chisholm	430,703	2.7
James T. Sanford	331,415	2.1
John V. Lindsay	196,406	1.2
Sam W. Yorty	79,446	0.5
Wilbur D. Mills	37,401	0.2
Walter E. Fauntroy	21,217	0.1
Unpledged delegates	19,533	0.1
Edward M. Kennedy	16,693	0.1
Rupert V. Hartke	11,798	0.1
Patsy M. Mink	8,286	0.1
"None of the names shown"	6,269	0
Others	5,181	0
Total votes	15,993,965	100

Analysis

In the end, McGovern succeeded in winning the nomination by winning primaries through grass-roots support in spite of establishment opposition. He had led a commission to redesign the Democratic nomination system after the messy and confused nomination struggle and convention of 1968. The fundamental principle of the McGovern-Fraser Commission—that the Democratic primaries should determine the winner of the Democratic nomination—lasted throughout every subsequent nomination contest. However, the new rules angered many prominent Democrats whose influence was marginalized, and those politicians refused to support McGovern's campaign (some even supporting Nixon instead), leaving the McGovern campaign at a significant disadvantage in funding compared to Nixon.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ This number doesn't include Walter Fauntroy, Wayne Hays, and Carl Stokes, who were considered to be favorite sons
^ Channing Phillips had previously been placed in nomination at the 1968 convention and won the Washington D.C. delegation but was not a contender for national support.^{[citation needed]}
^ Senator Margaret Chase Smith had previously contested the Republican nomination in 1964.
^ Endorsed McGovern in the Ohio Presidential Primary
^ Endorsed Chisholm in the Michigan Presidential Primary
^ Switched to McGovern on July 9th.
^ This should not be taken as a finalized list of results. While a significant amount of research was done, there were a number of Delegates who were not bound by the instruction, or "Pledged" to a candidate, and to simplify the data these delegates were considered "Uncommitted". Many states also held primaries for the delegate positions, and these on occasion were where slates or candidates pledged to a certain candidate might be elected; however, as these elections allowed for a single person to vote for multiple candidates, as many as the number of positions being filled, it is difficult to determine how many people actually voted in these primaries. For this reason, while such results may be found, they are not included in the popular vote summaries at the bottom of the table.
^ Technically this is only a partial result; over two dozen counties did not hold caucuses when these results were announced, accounting for around (12%) of the expected number of Caucus goers. However, a full tabulation including these counties was not found. Only percentages were found in terms of the number of delegates elected per candidate, not their number nor their total allotment.
^ All were Uncommitted.
^ Both are Uncommitted.
^ 1,176 SD's were Uncommitted at (32.30%), and 73 SD's were for other candidates at (2.00%).
^ Two rival delegate slates were named, as the Mississippi Democratic party was severely divided between White-lead Regulars and Black-lead Loyalists, with their contests being held at different dates. As the Loyalists were the ones seated at the National Convention, it is their slate and nomination date that is presented here.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Includes 954 Write-In votes for Senator Edward Kennedy at (1.07%), 854 Write-In votes for President Richard Nixon at (0.96%), 280 votes for Edward T. Coll at (0.32%), 133 Write-In votes for Congressman Pete McCloskey at (0.15%), 27 Write-In votes for Congressman John Ashbrook at (0.03%), and 19 Write-In votes for Comedian Pat Paulsen at (0.02%)
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Includes 242 Write-In votes for Senator Edward Kennedy at (0.02%).
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Both are Uncommitted.
^ Includes 2,450 votes for "None of the Names Shown" at (0.22%).
^ All were Uncommitted.
^ All were Uncommitted except two, which were pledged to Senator Edward Kennedy.
^ Technically won seven delegates, but these delegates were required to vote for McGovern on the first ballot.
^ Technically won five delegates, these delegates were technically required to vote for McGovern on the first ballot.
^ Technically Uncommmited won one delegate, but they were required to vote for McGovern on the first ballot.
^ Includes 2,348 Write-in votes for Senator Edward Kennedy at (0.38%), and 589 votes for Edward T. Coll at (0.10%).
^ Includes 262 Write-in votes for President Richard Nixon at (0.02%).
^ 45 delegates were technically named later in mid-June, 27 by the elected delegates and 18 by the Democratic State Committee.
^ 14 delegates were named later in June.
^ 19 delegates were named later in June.
^ 11 delegates were named later in June.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ 1 delegate was named later in June.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All were Uncommitted bar one, who was pledged to Senator Edward Kennedy.
^ All are part of an Anti-Wallace slate.
^ A slate of eight delegates supporting Cleveland Mayor Carl Stokes was elected in the 21st District, and a slate of five delegates supporting Congressman Wayne Hays was elected in the 18th District.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Some District Conventions were held earlier in April.
^ Includes 293 Write-in votes for Senator Edward Kennedy at (0.15%).
^ Uncommitted by state law.
^ Uncommitted by state law.
^ Uncommitted by state law.
^ All are Uncommitted
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Four delegates were picked on May 20.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ 10,700 votes are for an Uncommitted slate at (0.67%)
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Both are Uncommitted.
^ McGovern won eight delegates in these contests, but they were later replaced by Jackson delegates at the state convention.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Includes 12,673 votes for Senator Edward Kennedy at (3.10%), and 480 Write-in votes for President Richard Nixon at (0.12%).
^ All votes were for an Uncommitted slate.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All votes are for an Uncommitted slate.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ This was suspected, not confirmed.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Is Uncommitted.
^ 30 were named on the June 25th by the Democratic State Committee.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ All are Uncommitted.
^ Includes one delegate supporting Louisiana Governor Edward Edwards, and five delegates supporting Congressman Wayne Hays of Ohio.

References

^ Benen, Steve (May 5, 2015). "Biggest. Field. Ever". MSNBC.
^ Jacobson, Louis (May 2, 2019). "Warren just took the lead in a key polling average. History is vague on what happens next". PolitiFact. Archived from the original on May 22, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
^ Jack Anderson (June 4, 1971). "Don't count out Ted Kennedy". The Free Lance–Star.
^ ^a ^b Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 298. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
^ ^a ^b Freeman, Jo (February 2005). "Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign". University of Illinois at Chicago Women's History Project. Archived from the original on 2015-01-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "CQ Almanac Online Edition".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "McGovern Shy 130 Votes as Delegate Choice Ends; Tally Finds McGovern is Shy 130 Votes" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "McGovern Assails Nixon on Cambodia" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Humphrey Joins the Race; Asks U.S. To End War Now; Humphrey in Race; Urges War End Now" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Wallace Joins Florida Race as Democrat; Wallace Enters Primary in Florida as a Democrat" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Muskie Formally in Race; Pledges 'a New Beginning'; Muskie Formally in Nomination Race" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Admits Strategy Failed; Muskie Abandons Primary Contention" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Jackson Cites Lack of Funds in Quitting" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Jackson in Race; He Asserts Nixon Fails to Win Trust; Jackson in Race for President; Says Nixon Fails to Win Trust" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Rep. Mills Officially Enters Race for the Democratic Nomination; Mills Joins Race for Nomination" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "New Hat in Ring: Mrs. Chisolm's; Representative is Seeking Presidency as Democrat Mrs. Chisholm Joins Presidential Race" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Sanford, Ex-Governor, Runs in Carolina for White House" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Lindsay, in Race, Scores His Rivals; in Miami, He Also Attacks Nixon -- Says Washington Ignores Cities' Problems Lindsay, in Race, Attacks Nixon and Rivals in Democratic Party" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Mayor Runs Sixth; Says Returns Indicate He Cannot Continue as a Candidate Lindsay Quits the Race After Sixth-Place Finish" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "McCarthy, Casually, Enters the '72 Race; A Casual McCarthy Enters 1972 Race" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Yorty Enters Race; Eyes 2 Primaries; Yorty Enters Race; Eyes Two Primaries" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Minnesotan Won't Quit; Humphrey Concedes Loss in California Voting Today" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Petitions Raise Hartke Hopes" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Rep. Mink Withdraws from President Race" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "19 Oct 1971, 10 - Hawaii Tribune-Herald at". Newspapers.com. 1971-10-19. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^ "Harris in Race for Presidency, the Second Democrat to Declare; Harris in Race for Presidency, the Second Democrat to Declare" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Harris, Declaring 'I Am Broke,' Withdraws from '72 Contention; $40,000 in Debt, Oklahoman Abandons a Short Campaign Based on 'New Populism'" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "27 Apr 1972, Page 8 - The Akron Beacon Journal at". Newspapers.com. 1972-04-27. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^ "Bayh Quits Race; Cites Wife's Illness" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Hughes Quits as Presidential Aspirant" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Proxmire States He Will Not Run; Opens Way for McGovern in the Wisconsin Primary" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "31 Mar 1972, Page 2 - El Paso Herald-Post at". Newspapers.com. 1972-03-31. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^ "Black in Capital to Enter Primary; Fauntroy to Run May 2 as Favorite-Son Candidate" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b "Humphrey Victor in Ohio Vote; Wallace Wins Tennessee Race; HUMPHREY VICTOR BY SLIM OHIO EDGE" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "15 Nov 1971, Page 30 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at". Newspapers.com. 1971-11-15. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^ "13 Dec 1971, Page 20 - The Ithaca Journal at". Newspapers.com. 1971-12-13. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^ "20 Jan 1972, Page 4 - The Orlando Sentinel at". Newspapers.com. 1972-01-20. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^ "28 Feb 1972, Page 17 - The Ithaca Journal at". Newspapers.com. 1972-02-28. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
^ Pantazi, Andrew (2016). "Past Duval Presidential Elections". Jacksonville.com. The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 25 December 2018. Later that year segregationist George Wallace would be shot and handicapped, but before then, he won Florida's primary decisively, carrying every county but Miami-Dade.
^ Salam, Reihan (May 27, 2003). "Double Scoop". The New Republic Online.
^ "A Message of Discontent from Wisconsin Archived 2007-11-18 at the Wayback Machine", "AllPolitics", Time, 04-17-1972.
^ Bernstein, Carl; Woodward, Bob (10 October 1972). "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 Dec 2018.
^ "Remembering Ed Muskie Archived 1999-04-27 at the Wayback Machine", Online NewsHour, PBS, March 26, 1996
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^ Molotsky, Irvin (1992-12-07). "Article Says Nixon Schemed To Tie Foe to Wallace Attack". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
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^ ^a ^b ^c "McGovern Gains More Support". The Minneapolis Star.
^ "Proxmire Endorses McGovern". The Boston Globe.
^ "Gruening Back In Headlines Again". Daily Sitka Sentinel.
^ "Denholm: Reactions". The Daily Republic.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Black Supporters Boost McGovern's Campaign". The Lowell Sun.
^ ^a ^b "Tunney Dropped From California Delegation". Redlands Daily Facts.
^ "Denholm: McGovern Is Leader of Issues". The Daily Republic.
^ ^a ^b "Drinan Endorsed McGovern's Candidacy". The Lowell Sun.
^ "McCloskey Endorses McGovern". The Boston Globe.
^ ^a ^b ^c "State Democratic Leaders Laud McGovern Decision". Argus-Leader.
^ "Troy Drums Up Midwestern Support For McGovern" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Date Of Primary In California Hangs On A Decision By Reagan". The New York Times. 26 December 1971.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "McGovern And Muskie To Speak". The Peninsula Times Tribune.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as "Most Florida VIPs Backing Muskie, Jackson, Humphrey". The Miami Herald.
^ Ronan, Thomas P. (10 December 1971). "McGovern In City Criticizes Mayor Doubts Lindsay Could Stand On His". The New York Times.
^ "Muskie Bids Liberals Form A Coalition To Win Change" (PDF). The New York Times.
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^ "McGovern Gains Troy's Support" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "McGovern Endorsed". Concord Monitor.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "California Lead Held By Muskie" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "New Hollywood Aura Highlights McGovern Dinner". The Los Angeles Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj "Who's For Whom". Newsday (Suffolk Edition).
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^ "Dave Hoeh Urges Independent To Skip Pete, Vote For George". Valley News.
^ ^a ^b "3 Democrats Fail To Reach Accord". The New York Times. 19 December 1971.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Shirley's Great Leap Forward". The Los Angeles Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w Parker, Jerry (June 5, 1972). "Politicians Aim For The Stars". The Record.
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^ ^a ^b ^c "Stars Plan Benefit Concert For Senator". The Los Angeles Times.
^ "Four Sing For Politics At Forum". The Los Angeles Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Sen. McGovern Goes After Ohio Blacks". The Winona Daily News.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Scientists For McGovern" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Democratic Hopefuls Jockeying For The Reform Group's Support" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "McGovern To Face Problems At Liberals' Dinners" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Former Woman Paratrooper In Vietnam Says War Is Top Issue In N.H. Primary". Nashua Telegraph.
^ "McCarthy Is Undismayed By His Defeat In Massachusetts Caucus" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b "The Nation". The New York Times.
^ "Blacks Will Decide President -- Jackson". The San Francisco Examiner.
^ "Issues, Not Pols, Swayed Voters". The Boston Globe.
^ "HHH, McGovern Open Drives In West". Star Tribune.
^ "HHH, McGovern Seek UAW Backing". The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Lindsay Asks Senate To Defeat Kleindienst". The Boston Globe.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Florida Paper Endorses Scoop". The Daily Herald. Associated Press. March 7, 1972.
^ "Gov. Wallace Will Carry South And Border States". The Daily Sentinel.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Carter Emphasizes Wallace Stand At Rally". The Anniston Star.
^ "Maddox No Candidate". The Macon Telegraph.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Footnotes In The News". Alabama Journal.
^ "Melba Backing Wallace On Demo Ticket Only". Birmingham Post-Herald.
^ "Barrow Says Demos Should Back Wallace". The Tampa Tribune.
^ "Carter Says Georgia Delegates Should Support Wallace". The Columbus Ledger.
^ "Black Wallace Supporter Quits". The Opelika-Auburn News.
^ "Mayor Studies Several Races". The Macon News.
^ "Wallace, Jackson 'Even' In Meeting But Wallace Pulls Biggest Crowd". The Montgomery Advertiser.
^ "Wallace For President". The Miami Herald.
^ "Wallace Rally Tonight At Dorton". The News and Observer.
^ "Attendance". The Charlotte Observer.
^ "Klan Wizard Backs Wallace; Cross-Burning Rally Planned". Fort Lauderdale News.
^ ^a ^b "GCW Pledged Support By S.C. Groups". The Dothan Eagle.
^ "Freeman Endorses Humphrey". Star Tribune.
^ "Ex-Ambassador To Poland Endorses HHH". The Minneapolis Star.
^ "Hubert Starts Campaign For Florida's Primary". The Austin Daily Herald.
^ "Alioto Endorses HHH Candidacy". The Winona Daily News.
^ ^a ^b "Humphrey On Attacking Cuba: 'Out of One War, Into Another'". The Miami Herald.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "HHH Names Creditor To Head His Fund Drive". Star Tribune.
^ ^a ^b "Campaigning: A Growing Show Biz Tradition". The Ithaca Journal.
^ "Page Waits In Vain For Advertising Offers". The Winona Daily News.
^ ^a ^b "Candor Marks Bay Area Demo Caucuses". The San Francisco Examiner.
^ ^a ^b "HHH Loses Support Of Davis". Star Tribune.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ "Primary Splits Pols, Pals". The Tennessean.
^ "Retail Clerks Group Will Back Humphrey". The Winona Daily News.
^ "United Rubber Workers Union Endorses Humphrey". The Albert Lea Tribune.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Top State Democrats To Push Muskie". Arizona Daily Star.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "More Muskie Support" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Top Dems Endorse Muskie During Stopover In Idaho". Idaho State Journal.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Key Missourians Choose Muskie". The Kansas City Star.
^ "Hart Backs Muskie". The Times Herald.
^ "Muskie Wins Support Of Senator Hughes Of Iowa" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "McIntyre Backs Muskie Candidacy". Concord Monitor.
^ ^a ^b "Moss, Rampton Say: Muskie's Our Man in '72 Race". The Salt Lake Tribune.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Can Reform Change Nature Of The 'Beast'?" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Endorses Muskie". The Fresno Bee.
^ "Most Florida VIPs Backing Muskie, Jackson, Humphrey". The Miami Herald.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Muskie Slate Sends SOS On It's [sic] Own". The Boston Globe.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Hop On The Bandwagon". Desert Dispatch.
^ "Udall Supports Muskie". Tucson Daily Citizen.
^ ^a ^b "Muskie To Campaign In Mass., Penn., Ohio". The Boston Globe.
^ "Kentucky Official Endorses Muskie". Star Tribune.
^ "Gilligan Endorses Muskie for President". The Delaware Gazette.
^ "Most Florida VIPs Backing Muskie, Jackson, Humphrey". The Miami Herald.
^ "Muskie Strong In Central Mass., Third District Observers Think". The Boston Globe.
^ ^a ^b "Prominent Negro Endorses Muskie; 3 More Senators Reported In Camp". Alabama Journal.
^ "McCloskey, Jackson Paid Fees For Filing In N. Carolina Primary". Johnson City Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Scoop Jackson's Backers To Converge". The Olympian. Associated Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Evans, Rowland; Novak, Robert (December 3, 1971). "Jackson Strategists Are Frustrated". Tri-City Herald.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Edith Green Throws Support To Jackson". The Columbian.
^ ^a ^b "Orlando: Jackson Gains Support". The Miami Herald.
^ "Muskie-To-Humphrey Switches Few So Far". Dayton Daily News.
^ ^a ^b "New Hat In Ring: Mrs. Chisholm's" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Blacks, In Shift, Forming Unit For Chisholm" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "Blacks Should Ignore Motives, Accept Any Ally". The New York Times.
^ "Chisholm Slate Is Selected". Lincoln Journal Star.
^ "Abernathy Hails UF". Southern Illinoisan.
^ "The Man Is An Underdog's Best Friend". Newsday (Suffolk Edition).
^ ^a ^b "Dream For Women: President Chisholm" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b "Shirley Chisholm Is Choice Of UCP". The Item.
^ "AIM Designates Sunday 'Yellow Thunder' Day". The Alliance Times-Herald.
^ "Flo Kennedy Laces Politics With Rights Angle". The Idaho Statesman.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Panthers Back Mrs. Chisholm". St. Cloud Times.
^ "Rubin Sees Convention Protests". The Miami Herald.
^ "Two Officers Named For Political Club". Great Falls Tribune.
^ "Feminists Outline Major Issues". Green Bay Press-Gazette.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Sanford Feels Scott Move Helps Chances". The Gastonia Gazette.
^ "Brook Hays Endorses Sanford". The Sentinel.
^ "Scott Endorses Sanford". The Daily Times-News.
^ "Sanford Gets Endorsement". The News and Observer.
^ "Party Pros Come Through As Sanford Campaign Gains". The Charlotte Observer.
^ "$300,000 Borrowed". Statesville Record and Landmark.
^ "State Not Fertile Soil For Chief Lindsay Aide". The Los Angeles Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mayor Opens His Home State Campaign" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c "'Friends of Lindsay' Group To Be Formed In Wisconsin". Kenosha News.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ferretti, Fred (13 November 1971). "Kretchmer to Play Major Role in Lindsay Campaign". The New York Times.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Democratic Hopefuls Jockeying for the Reform Group's Support" (PDF). The New York Times.
^ "AURELIO QUITS TO ASSESS '72 PROSPECT FOR LINDSAY; HAMILTON DEPUTY MAYOR". The New York Times.
^ "Crangle Wins The Hot Seat". Newsday (Nassau Edition).
^ "Lindsey Aides Direct Campaign". The Buffalo News.
^ "Lindsey-for-President Group Formed to Woo State Delegates". Arizona Republic.
^ ^a ^b "'I'm Broke,' Harris Says In Quitting Race". The Daily Oklahoman.
^ "Fred Harris Ranks Poor Over Space Shuttle". The Miami News.
^ "Delegate Vote". The Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. January 31, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "Delegate Vote by Democrats Follows Plan". The Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, Arizona. February 13, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "Larson Predicts 19 State Delegates to Back Muskie". The Iowa City Press-Citizen. Iowa City, Iowa. February 28, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "Rival Democratic Factions Negotiate, Near Unification". The Sun Herald. Biloxi, Mississippi. February 28, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "Mississippi Dispute Is Won By Loyalists". The New York Times. New York, New York. July 9, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Muskie Gets 14 of 20 Delegates to Nat'l Confab". The Valley News. West Lebanon, New Hampshire. March 11, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "State Demos Favor Unpledged Delegates". The Macon News. Macon, Georgia. March 12, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "Wallace's Victory Freezes Out Florida's Big-Name Delegates". The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. March 16, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "Muskie Winner Over McCarthy". The Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. March 22, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "Victory in Illinois a major Plum for Muskie to Take to Wisconsin". The Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. March 23, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "Muskie Holds On at Iowa Contests". The Des Moines Register. Des Moines, Iowa. March 27, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "Carolina Delegates to Be Uncommitted". The New York Times. New York, New York. March 30, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "McGovern Surges to State Victory". The Wisconsin State Journal. Madison, Wisconsin. April 5, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "Young Demos Deliver Idaho to McGovern". The Idaho State Journal. Pocatello, Idaho. April 18, 1972. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
^ "McGovern Has a Solid Lead in State Delegates". The Rutland Daily Herlad. Rutlan, Vermont. May 16, 1972. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
^ "McGovern Piles Up Delegates". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. April 29, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "The Two Georges". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. April 27, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "State Democrats Play 'New Politics' Game in Selecting At-Large Delegates". The News-Item. Shamokin, Pennsylvania. June 12, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Demos Pick Delegates After All-Night Convention Effort". The Reno Gazette-Journal. Reno, Nevada. May 1, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "'Kentucky... Ballots For". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. April 30, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Wallace Delegates May Select Blacks". The Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. May 14, 1972. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
^ "Humphrey's 47% Wins Primary". The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. May 3, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "HHH Claims 6 Delegates From McGovern in Ohio". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Cincinnati, Ohio. May 6, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Final Returns Give Humphrey Ohio Delegation". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Cincinnati, Ohio. May 11, 1972. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
^ "Fauntroy Slate Wins". The Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. May 4, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "Presidential Primary Voting Passes 600,000 Over State". The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. May 6, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Humphrey to Only Get Slim Delegate Margin". The Winona Daily News. Winona, Minnesota. May 8, 1972. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
^ "McGovern Wins 18 Delegates to Humphrey's 4 in Final Total". The Lincoln Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. June 6, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Humphrey Gains Most Delegates". The Beckley Post-Herald. Beckley, West Virginia. May 12, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Democratic Delegation Largely Uncommitted". The Casper Star-Tribune. Casper, Wyoming. May 14, 1972. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
^ "McGovern Gets 2.5 Votes". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. May 15, 1972. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
^ "McGovern Backers Claim 12 Delegates – Officially". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas. May 14, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "29 Uncommitted Among 40 Demo State Delegates". The Sun Herald. Biloxi, Mississippi. May 14, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "La. Demos Pick Edwards to Head Delegation". The Town Talk. Alexandria, Louisiana. May 21, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Wallace Convention Support Uncertain". The Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. May 18, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Leaders of Democrats Get Message: Change Needed". The Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. May 18, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Wallace Gets 67 Delegates". The Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. June 1, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Muskie Gets All 20". The Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Maine. May 22, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "Coalition Planning Miami Challange". The Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Honolulu, Hawaii. May 22, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "Challenge to Hawaii Officially Dropped". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu, Hawaii. May 22, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "McGovern and Muskie Split". The Des Moines Register. Des Moines, Iowa. May 21, 1972. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
^ "McGovern Wins 9 Delegates". The Battleboro Reformer. Battleboro, Vermont. May 22, 1972. Retrieved September 28, 2023.
^ "McGovern Wins All 6 National Delegates at 3rd District Caucus". The Longview Daily News. Longview, Washington. May 22, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Jackson Capture All of State's 52 Delegates". The News Tribune. Tacoma, Washington. June 25, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "44 Uncommitted Delegates Chosen by State Demos". The St. Joseph News-Press. St. Joseph, Missouri. May 24, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Strong Showing for McGovern; Wallace Second". The Capital Journal. Salem, Oregon. May 24, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "Without Even Visiting the State, McGovern Sweeps Rhode Island". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. May 24, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Most Alaska Delegates Back Hubert, McGovern". The Olympian. Olympia, Washington. May 31, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Humphrey Wins Guam Delegates". The Daily Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. May 29, 1972. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
^ "Virgin Island Delegation Backs Jackson". Longview Daily News. Chester, Pennsylvania. Feb 25, 1972. Retrieved May 14, 2024.
^ "McGovern's in Driver's Seat". The Delaware County Daily Times. Chester, Pennsylvania. May 27, 1972. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
^ "McGovern Wins 41 Votes in 5 Contests". The Berkshire Eagle. Pittsfield, Massacshuetts. June 5, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "37 Kentucky Delegates Are Uncommitted; 10 Go to McGovern". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. June 4, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "McGovern's Oklahoma Delegate Strength Appears Locked at 10". The Lawton Constitution. Lawton, Oklahoma. June 5, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "McGovern Tops HHH 45% to 40% in California, Wins 3 Other States". The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California. June 7, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "McGovern Wins Crucial Primary in California". The Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. June 7, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "McGovern, Wallace Officials OK State Delegate Alignment". The Albuquerque Journal. Albuquerque, New Mexico. June 8, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Delegates Pick Leaders". The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. June 13, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Craig Wins Surprising Victory". The St. Cloud Times. Saint Cloud, Minnesota. June 12, 1972. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
^ "Virginia Delegates to Miami Named". The Roanoke Times. Roanoke, Virginia. June 10, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "30 of 53 Seen for McGovern". The Richmond Times-Dispatch. Richmond, Virginia. June 10, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "McGovern Camp Loses Delegate Bid". The Wichita Eagle. Wichita, Kansas. June 11, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Hearnes Holds Delegation". The Kansas City Star. Kansas City, Kansas. June 11, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Demo Chief Backs Muskie". The Tulsa World. Tulsa, Oklahoma. June 13, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Sen. McGovern Pick Up 30 More Delegates". The Bee. Danville, Virginia. June 12, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "Democratic Convention Ends; Delegation Set". The Forth Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. June 15, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "McGovern Assured of Major Share of Delegates". The Fort Collins Coloradoan. Fort Collins, Colorado. June 18, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "McGovern Assured of Major Share of Delegates". The Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph. Colorado Springs, Colorado. June 17, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "McGovern Delegate Total Hits 1,113". The Baltimore Sun. June 19, 1972. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
^ "McGovern Gets Most Delegates". The South Idaho Press. Burley, Idaho. June 19, 1972. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
^ "McGovern Wins 11 of 20 Delegates". The Morning Pioneer. Mandan, North Dakota. June 17, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Demos Face Job of Selling". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. Ogden, Utah. June 19, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "17 of 20 Montana Demo Delegates to McGovern". The Missoulian. Missoula, Iowa. June 19, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "McGovern Delegate Total His 1,113". The Baltimore Sun. June 19, 1972. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
^ "State Democrats Equally Divided Among Delegates". The Fort Collins Coloradoan. Fort Collins, Colorado. June 19, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "McGoven Victory a Blow to State Party Leaders". The New York Times. New York, New York. June 22, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "State Democrats Head Off Split". The New York Times. New York, New York. June 25, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Jackson Captures All of State's 52 Delegates". The News Tribune. Tacoma, Washington. June 25, 1972. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
^ "Some State Delegates Would Back McGovern". The Camden News. Camden, Arkansas. June 26, 1972. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
^ "McGovern Wins 5.85 Delegates". The Morning News. Wilmington, Delaware. June 24, 1972. Retrieved September 27, 2023.
^ "The Candidates' Delegates". The New York Times.
^ Kalb, Deborah, ed. (2010). Guide to U.S. Elections (6th ed.). Washington, DC: CQ Press. p. 415. ISBN 9781604265361.