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The English rock band The Beatles auditioned for Decca Records at Decca Studios in West Hampstead, north London, on 1 January 1962. They were rejected by the label, who instead opted to sign a contract with Brian Poole and the Tremeloes.[1] The audition was recorded, and five of the songs—"Searchin'", "Three Cool Cats", "The Sheik of Araby", "Like Dreamers Do" and "Hello Little Girl"—were officially released on the compilation Anthology 1 in 1995.[2]
Background
editManager Brian Epstein met with record companies in London to secure a record contract for the Beatles and was rejected by many, including Columbia, HMV, Pye, Philips, and Oriole.[3] After Epstein had meetings with both EMI and Decca at the start of December 1961, Decca A&R executive Mike Smith travelled to Liverpool to see the Beatles perform at The Cavern Club, and was impressed enough to ask Epstein to bring the band down to London for a test in Decca's recording studios, scheduled for 1 January 1962.[4] (New Year's Day was not a public holiday in England at the time.)[5]
Neil Aspinall drove the Beatles down to London on New Year's Eve 1961 but lost his way, and the trip took ten hours.[3][6] They arrived at 10 p.m., "just in time to see the drunks jumping in the Trafalgar Square fountain", as John Lennon described it.[7] Decca's London studio was located just over a mile from EMI's studio (later known as Abbey Road Studios).[8]
The audition
editLennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Pete Best arrived at the audition, formally known as a "commercial test" to be headed by Mike Smith with Decca staff, on 1 January 1962 at 10 a.m. However, Smith was late, as he was suffering from a New Year's party hangover as well as cuts and bruises from a car crash three days before Christmas, slightly delaying the start of the audition.[9] At the audition, the Beatles performed songs hand-picked by Epstein.[8]
Recording
editAt the time, the standard procedure for a test of this type was to record between two and five songs and then quickly usher the artists out of the studio. However, the Beatles ended up recording fifteen songs, and the recording session was extended into the afternoon, broken by a lunch break. This could suggest that, if offered a deal, their first single and perhaps others would have been taken from the resulting tape.[9]
In his 1992 book The Complete Beatles Chronicle, author Mark Lewisohn postulates that "It's unlikely that the Beatles were given any opportunity to perform more than one take of any song", and adds that each was recorded live onto two-track tape with no overdubs. Lewisohn's Chronicle also includes a photograph of an acetate 45 made by Decca, containing "Like Dreamers Do".[8]
Afterwards, the Beatles came to believe that Epstein had paid Decca to tape the audition.[3] Lennon asserted that Decca producer Tony Meehan (formerly of the Shadows) produced the Decca audition session, but current scholarship considers this unlikely.[10]
Setlist
editFor the setlist, Epstein personally chose 15 songs that the Beatles had performed in various clubs over the years, including three Lennon–McCartney originals.[2]
According to Lewisohn, the likely order of the songs at the session was:[8]
- "Like Dreamers Do" (Lennon/McCartney)
- "Money (That's What I Want)" (Berry Gordy/Janie Bradford)
- "Till There Was You" (Meredith Willson)
- "The Sheik of Araby" (Harry B. Smith/Francis Wheeler/Ted Snyder)
- "To Know Her Is to Love Her" (Phil Spector)
- "Take Good Care of My Baby" (Carole King/Gerry Goffin)
- "Memphis, Tennessee" (Chuck Berry)
- "Sure to Fall (in Love with You)" (Carl Perkins/Bill Cantrell/Quinton Claunch)
- "Hello Little Girl" (Lennon/McCartney)
- "Three Cool Cats" (Leiber/Stoller)
- "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" (Buddy Holly)
- "Love of the Loved" (Lennon/McCartney)
- "September in the Rain" (Harry Warren/Al Dubin)
- "Bésame Mucho" (Consuelo Velázquez)
- "Searchin'" (Jerry Leiber/Mike Stoller)
Rejection and aftermath
editThe Liverpool music paper Mersey Beat was the first to report on the Mike Smith visit by writing that the producer had made a tape of the performance (this amounted to the first "test"), and added that "he is convinced that his label will be able to put the Beatles to good use."[8]
About a month later, Decca rejected the Beatles. The executives felt that "guitar groups are on the way out" and "the Beatles have no future in show business".[1] Some music historians have suggested, however, that their work that day did not yet reflect their true potential, and the "guitar" comment may have been intended as a polite letdown.[11] In his 1964 autobiography, A Cellarful of Noise, Epstein ascribed the "guitar" comment to Dick Rowe, although Rowe denied it as long as he lived.[12] Decca instead chose Brian Poole and the Tremeloes, who auditioned the same day as the Beatles, because they were local and would require lower travel expenses. Many have speculated about who made the decision to reject the Beatles. While various accounts of the audition have been published, most agree it was either Dick Rowe or Mike Smith.[citation needed] Rowe did, however, offer to arrange for Tony Meehan to produce a Beatles single if Epstein agreed to pay about £100 for the expenses, but a meeting between Epstein and Meehan on 7 February went badly, and the recording never took place.[13]
While Epstein was negotiating with Decca, he also approached EMI marketing executive Ron White.[14] White was not a record producer, but he contacted EMI producers Norrie Paramor, Walter Ridley, and Norman Newell, all of whom declined to record the Beatles. They eventually signed with EMI subsidiary Parlophone, after producer George Martin heard the Decca demos and decided to meet the band.
The Rolling Stones benefitted from the Beatles' Decca rejection.[15] Soon after the Beatles became popular in Britain, Dick Rowe appeared on Juke Box Jury alongside George Harrison, who reportedly raved to him about the Stones, his new favourite, who were an unsigned band.[16]
In media
editThe rejection was parodied in the Rutles movie All You Need Is Cash (1978), in which Dan Aykroyd plays record executive Brian Thigh, who turns down the Rutles.[17][18] After ruminating over the "millions in royalties" lost by Thigh's company, the interviewer (Eric Idle) asks the record exec point-blank, "What's it like to be such an asshole?"[19]
The 1995 documentary The Beatles Anthology includes snippets from many of the songs performed at the Decca audition, while the album released as a companion, Anthology 1, includes five of those songs ("Searchin'", "Like Dreamers Do", "Hello Little Girl", "Three Cool Cats", and "The Sheik of Araby"), along with many other outtakes and various live performances.[2]
Sale of audition tape
editThe original safety master tape the group recorded at Decca's London studios was sold by auctioneers the Fame Bureau in December 2012 to a Japanese collector for £35,000. A spokesman for the auctioneers said at the time: "The tape went to a Capitol Records executive after the Beatles signed with EMI. He sold it to the current owner who was one of the top buyers for Hard Rock Cafe but it was for his own personal collection."[20] The authenticity of the tape sold remains debatable among experts, however, as the tape of the audition contains 15 songs and the tape auctioned has only 10. Additionally, the auction recording is on Ampex tape, which was not in use in 1962. It has not been firmly ascertained if the original master tape recorded by Decca on 1 January 1962 is in the possession of the Beatles' Apple Corps Ltd. A copy of the tape used by bootleggers for the past forty years is known to be in the hands of a private collector.[21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b The Beatles. (2000). The Beatles Anthology. San Francisco:Chronicle Books. ISBN 0-8118-2684-8
- ^ a b c Lewisohn, Mark (1995). The Beatles – Anthology 1 (CD liner notes). Capitol Records / Apple Records. pp. 12–14.
- ^ a b c Miles 1997 p89
- ^ Lewisohn, Mark (2013). The Beatles – All These Years: Volume One: Tune In. United Kingdom: Little, Brown. pp. 526–527, 546–547. ISBN 978-0-316-72960-4.
- ^ "Is New Year's Day a bank holiday? The full Christmas bank holidays schedule for 2019/20". inews.co.uk. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ^ Spitz 2005. p285
- ^ Cynthia Lennon, John 2006. p108.
- ^ a b c d e Lewisohn, Mark (1992). The Complete Beatles Chronicle. New York: Harmony Books. p. 63. ISBN 0-517-58100-0.
- ^ a b Lewisohn, Mark (2013). The Beatles – All These Years: Volume One: Tune In. United Kingdom: Little, Brown. p. 558. ISBN 978-0-316-72960-4.
- ^ Lewisohn, Mark (2013). The Beatles: All These Years, Volume One – Tune In. New York: Crown Archetype. pp. 560, 855. ISBN 978-1-4000-8305-3.
- ^ Gould, Jonathan. (2007). Can't Buy Me Love. The Beatles, Britain, and America. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 978-0-307-35337-5
- ^ Viner, Brian (12 February 2012). "The man who rejected the Beatles". The Independent. London.
- ^ "Brian Epstein and the quest for a contract". Blog.oup.com. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Coleman, Ray (1989). The Man Who Made the Beatles: An Intimate Biography of Brian Epstein. London: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070117896.
- ^ Swanson, Dave. "The Day the Rolling Stones Signed to Decca Records". UltimateClassicRock.com. Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ Swanson, Dave. "The Day the Rolling Stones Signed to Decca Records". UltimateClassicRock.com. Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ "Rutles, The: All You Need Is Cash (TV)". Paleycenter. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ "Brian Thigh". Not in Hall of Fame. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ "The Rutles". SOTCAA Records & Tapes. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ Telegraph reporters (4 December 2012). "Rejected Beatles audition tape fetches £35,000 at auction after last-minute legal wrangle". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
- ^ "Sold! The incomplete 1982 Decca Tapes".